承德钢铁公司黑山铁矿矿山爆破地震动效应

根据河北省黑山铁矿矿山４次爆破地震动效应的观测结果，给出了爆破地震动的强度预测、炸药量与爆破安全距离的关系式，以及炸药能量转换为地震波的能量的转换系数、爆破地震烈度等。     

工程微差爆破的监测与分析

工程微差爆破是近40年来控制爆破发展的新技术，它使工程爆破的使用领域得到拓展。原先只能在矿山或人烟稀少，远离建筑物地区进行的爆破施工，现在，即使在人口稠密、楼房鳞次栉比的城镇，甚至建筑物内部都有可能实施控制爆破。它减轻了劳动强度，缩短了施工期限，降低了工程成本。因此，具有较大的经济效益。随着特区建设的发展，厦门地区在港口建设、厂房场地平整等工程施工中大量使用了微差爆破。     

爆破地震测试评价技术及一个典型实例

随着城市、村镇地域的扩展以及矿山采区的扩大，开采爆破与建筑物安全的矛盾常有发生。爆破地震测试及科学客观的影响评价，是调处类似矛盾的基础，具有现实的工程技术意义和社会意义。本文基于近年测震技术条件的进步，论述了爆破地震测试的技术方法和评价准则，并介绍了使用891-Ⅱ-16测震系统进行测试、评价的一个典型实例。     

砂土中的爆破地震效应

介绍了砂土中一些爆破地震的测试结果，比较了装药位置对爆破地震特性的影响，为爆破地震危害的预测提供了依据。     

酒钢黑沟矿爆破效应研究

利用爆破记录的原始资料，计算出地动位移、振动速度，然后确定K、α值。根据不同建筑物的安全振动速度，给出安全爆破的最大Q(炸药量)的参考值。     

乌拉特前旗爆破与地震识别

2004年1～5月，内蒙古乌拉特前旗一带出现中小地震记录明显增多现象，在此期间，该区高速公路施工，新增许多爆破点。选取1～5月乌拉特前旗发生的45次地震事件，通过对模拟地震波形与数字地震波形对比和爆破与地震的震相分析，共识别出爆破5次，占该区地震总数的11．1％，排除人工爆破导致乌拉特前旗“窗口”中小地震记录增多的可能性，表明地震“窗口”中小地震活动明显增强。     

小波分析在结构爆破振动响应能量分析法中的应用

采用小波分析方法对工程爆破引起的地震动信号能量进行了分析，得出了小波系数与信号能量之间的关系，并用工程实测数据进行了分析，验证了文章中理论推导所得的结论。作者认为，由于小波分析的时－频特 性，它在分析爆破振动信号能量中具有重要的推广意义。     

爆破对建筑物的影响

研究了爆破振动强度与爆破药量、距离和工程地质条件等因素的关系。并就爆破对建筑物的破坏作用进行了分析。编写的计算程序可供爆破安全设计使用。     

爆破地震波作用下框架结构与地基共同工作的非线性动力分析

对岩石爆破地震波作用下房屋结构进行了动力分析，建立了岩土爆破地震波作用下地基与房屋结构共同工作的非线性时程分析方法。并利用福建周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破的地震波，对其周边的一栋七层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了实例分析，通过与构造地震波作用下结构的动力反应进行了对比，对其安全性进行了评估。     

某水工隧洞爆破震动对周边建筑物影响的试验分析

隧道开挖时的爆破震动对周边建筑物安全影响很大,但目前对不同爆破参数、周边建筑的距离与爆破开挖之间关系的研究成果不多,实际工程中也难以把握。以宁夏固原市某水工隧道工程为依托,采用现场试验的方法,对地表关键位置质点爆破振动频率与振动速度进行测试和分析。结果表明:(1)经测试发现房屋主振频率在10~60Hz间,而一般房屋建筑的频率均小于10Hz,说明此次试验中爆破震动不能与房屋产生共振。(2)对试验数据进行分析,并依据爆破震动规范安全振速标准进行判别,发现此次试验中土坯房的安全距离为160 m,一般砖房为60 m。研究结果可为隧道爆破的设计与施工提供理论依据,为类似隧道的爆破工程及解决由爆破引起的纠纷提供借鉴。     

怀来地震台定点形变观测转折异常的调查与分析

2020年3月12日河北省怀来地震台伸缩仪、水管仪、垂直摆和水平摆同步出现快速转折破年变的变化,针对这些异常,从观测和供电系统、洞室环境、气象因素等方面开展现场实地调查与异常核实工作.通过对观测环境的勘查,发现3月10日在观测山洞西侧约80 m处,原有的2排平房因拆迁被拆除.应用点载荷模型对拆迁房屋引起的形变理论值进行...     

On the relationship between cycles of eruptive activity and growth of a volcanic edifice

The behaviour of a magma plumbing system during a cycle of volcanic edifice growth is investigated with a simple physical model. Loading by an edifice at Earth's surface changes stresses in the upper crust and pressures in a magma reservoir. In turn, these changes affect magma ascent from a deep source to the reservoir and from reservoir to Earth's surface. The model plumbing system is such that a hydraulic connection is maintained at all times between the reservoir and a deep magma source at constant pressure. Consequently the input rate of magma into the reservoir is predicted by the model rather than imposed as an input parameter. The open hydraulic connection model is consistent with short-term measurements of deformation and seismicity at several active volcanoes. Threshold values for the reservoir pressure at the beginning and end of eruption evolve as the edifice grows and lead to long-term changes of eruption rate. Depending on the dimensions and depth of the reservoir, the eruption rate follows different trends as a function of time. For small reservoirs, the eruption rate initially increases as the edifice builds up and peaks at some value before going down. The edifice size at the peak eruption rate provides a constraint on the reservoir shape and depth. Edifice decay or destruction leads to resumption of eruptive activity and a new eruption cycle. A simple elastic model for country rock deformation is valid over a whole eruptive cycle extending to the cessation of eruptive activity. For large reservoirs, an elastic model is only valid over part of an eruptive cycle. Long-term stress changes eventually lead to reservoir instability in the form of either roof collapse and caldera formation or reservoir enlargement in the horizontal direction.     

Aftershock seismic assessment taking into account postmainshock residual drifts

This paper introduces and evaluates a methodology for the aftershock seismic assessment of buildings taking explicitly into account residual drift demands after the mainshock (i.e., postmainshock residual interstory drifts, RIDR_o). The methodology is applied to a testbed four‐story steel moment‐resisting building designed with modern seismic design provisions when subjected to a set of near‐fault mainshock–aftershock seismic sequences that induce five levels of RIDR_o. Once the postmainshock residual drift is induced to the building model, a postmainshock incremental dynamic analysis is performed under each aftershock to obtain its collapse capacity and its capacity associated to demolition (i.e., the capacity to reach or exceed a 2% residual drift). The effect of additional sources of stiffness and strength (i.e., interior gravity frames and slab contribution) and the polarity of the aftershocks are examined in this study. Results of this investigation show that the collapse potential under aftershocks strongly depends on the modeling approach (i.e., the aftershock collapse potential is modified when additional sources of lateral stiffness and strength are included in the analytical model). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the aftershock capacity associated to demolition (i.e., the aftershock collapse capacity associated to a residual interstory drift that leads to an imminent demolition) is lower than that of the aftershock collapse capacity, which mean that this parameter should be a better measure of the building residual capacity against aftershocks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A non-reflecting boundary condition for the finite element modeling of infinite reservoir with layered sediment

The design of seismic resistant concrete gravity dam necessitates accurate determination of hydrodynamic pressure developed in the adjacent reservoir. The hydrodynamic pressure developed on structure is dependent on the physical characteristics of the boundaries surrounding the reservoir including reservoir bottom. The sedimentary material in the reservoir bottom absorbs energy at the bottom, which will affect the hydrodynamic pressure at the upstream face of the dam. The fundamental parameter characterizing the effect of absorption of hydrodynamic pressure waves at the reservoir bottom due to sediment is the reflection coefficient. The wave reflection coefficient is determined from parameters based on sediment layer thickness, its material properties and excitation frequencies. An analytical or a closed-form solution cannot account for the arbitrary geometry of the dam or reservoir bed profile. This problem can be efficiently tackled with finite element technique. The need for an accurate truncation boundary is felt to reduce the computational domain of the unbounded reservoir system. An efficient truncation boundary condition (TBC) which accounts for the reservoir bottom effect is proposed for the finite element analysis of infinite reservoir. The results show the efficiency of the proposed truncation boundary condition.     

龙滩库区库水加卸载过程深部电阻率变化与水库地震

广西龙滩库区于2009年度至2010年2个年度库水加卸载及渗透过程中,在交比屯、坪上、中良坪和向阳4个地点进行了5期次大地电磁定点测量,观测频段为320 Hz~1000 s.结合区域深部电性结构探测研究成果分析.结果显示,4个测点位于不同的岩性和深部电性结构区域,4个测点上观测的5期次视电阻率值发生变化的频段不同,位于库区中游的坪上、中良坪和向阳3个测点上5期次测量的视电阻率数值在频率1 Hz以下频段在高水位时段测量值小、在低水位时段测量值大,位于库首区域的交比屯测点在最高水位时段视电阻率数值最小,说明库水在加卸载及渗透过程中对地下介质有明显影响,库区上游库水渗透影响深度可达7 km左右,在坝首区域可达10 km.龙滩水库区4个地震丛集区中的3个地震丛集区的震源区位于具有低阻特性的二迭系下统和石炭系地层的下部,以岩溶水体诱发地震为主;位于坝首地震丛集区的震源区位于上宽下窄似"铆钉状"的高阻体下部,推测是因水库蓄水后水体压力增大和库水渗透作用下,在聚集高变形能的脆性高电阻体内部发生的地震.电磁探测结果说明库水渗透对龙滩水库区地震孕育和发生起着重要、直接的作用.     

龙滩库区库水加卸载过程深部电阻率变化与水库地震

广西龙滩库区于2009年度至2010年2个年度库水加卸载及渗透过程中,在交比屯、坪上、中良坪和向阳4个地点进行了5期次大地电磁定点测量,观测频段为320 Hz~1000 s.结合区域深部电性结构探测研究成果分析.结果显示,4个测点位于不同的岩性和深部电性结构区域,4个测点上观测的5期次视电阻率值发生变化的频段不同,位于库区中游的坪上、中良坪和向阳3个测点上5期次测量的视电阻率数值在频率1 Hz以下频段在高水位时段测量值小、在低水位时段测量值大,位于库首区域的交比屯测点在最高水位时段视电阻率数值最小,说明库水在加卸载及渗透过程中对地下介质有明显影响,库区上游库水渗透影响深度可达7 km左右,在坝首区域可达10 km.龙滩水库区4个地震丛集区中的3个地震丛集区的震源区位于具有低阻特性的二迭系下统和石炭系地层的下部,以岩溶水体诱发地震为主;位于坝首地震丛集区的震源区位于上宽下窄似"铆钉状"的高阻体下部,推测是因水库蓄水后水体压力增大和库水渗透作用下,在聚集高变形能的脆性高电阻体内部发生的地震.电磁探测结果说明库水渗透对龙滩水库区地震孕育和发生起着重要、直接的作用.     

Non-explosive demolition agent as a source of acoustic noise during laboratory study of destruction of rocks

This work analyzes the noise impulses caused by a non-explosive demolition agent (NEDA), which was used as a stress source during experiments on the destruction of rock samples. As a result of our works, criteria have been obtained, which can be used for selection and filtration of acoustic noise pulses of a NEDA from the general flow of signals recorded at the registration of acoustic emission during deformation and destruction of rock samples.     

Experimental analysis of reservoir release wave routing in upland boulder bed rivers

Reservoir release wave routing during 33 controlled reservoir releases, along 15 upland boulder bed river channel reaches, on five different regulated rivers were monitored to assess the importance of river channel roughness and reservoir release magnitude on reservoir release wave speeds. Wave speeds varied between 0.52 and 3.01 m s^?1. Reservoir release wave translation, steepening, and attenuation occurred. With high channel roughness values reservoir release wave arrival speed is retarded in comparison to peak stage and wave steepening occurs, but with a reduction in channel roughness reservoir release wave front arrival is accelerated producing attentuation. The threshold between reservoir release wave front attenuation and steepening occurs at a pre-release discharge/channel width of approximately 0.1, an index of channel roughness. The paper also demonstrates, via comparison of observed and calculated reservoir release wave speeds on the River Washburn, Yorkshire, the difficulty of accurately predicting flood wave movement in upland boulder bed channels using existing prediction equations. The calculated values, however, revealed systematic error with pre-release discharge and reservoir release magnitude. Apparently the equations fail to account for the effects of high channel roughness together with pressure gradient forces, induced by rapid rates of stage change on the rising limb of reservoir releases. In order to accurately predict reservoir release wave movement in regulated rivers, this paper demonstrates that hydraulic studies need to be undertaken and pre-release discharges prescribed to determine desired reservoir release wave routing behaviour. Manipulation of the reservoir release pattern at the dam alone, cannot dictate reservoir release wave front form downstream or wave speed.     

A water balance approach for quantifying subsurface exchange fluxes and associated errors in hill reservoirs in semiarid regions

Hill reservoirs are rain water‐harvesting structures that have been increasingly adopted in arid and semi‐arid regions, such as North Africa, to capture and conserve runoff water and for use as alternative water resources in agricultural development. Currently, process‐based information on reservoir hydrology is needed to improve reservoir management practices. The study aims to develop an approach to estimate the reservoir–subsurface exchange flux and its associated error at the annual, monthly, and intra‐monthly time scales to better understand the hydrological functioning and dynamics of hill reservoirs. This approach is based on a hydrological water balance of the hill reservoir by considering all water input and output fluxes and their associated errors. The results demonstrate the ability and relevance of the approach in estimating the net reservoir–subsurface exchange flux and its error estimations at various time scales. Its application on the Kamech catchment (Northern Tunisia) for the 2009–2012 period demonstrates that the net reservoir–subsurface exchange flux is positive, i.e. the infiltration from the hill reservoir to the aquifer dominates over the discharge from the aquifer to the reservoir. Moreover, reservoir–subsurface exchange constitutes the main output component in the water balance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismicity and reservoir induced crustal motion study around the Tehri Dam, India

The Tehri Dam is located in a seismotectonically active region in the Indian Himalayan belt. This 260.5 m high dam has a live water storage of 2615 × 10⁶ m³ and is capable of generating crustal deformation corresponding to water fluctuation. Filling of the reservoir started in October 2005. Seismic data around the dam between 2000 and 2010 shows that seismicity is corresponding to drawdown levels of the reservoir rather than to higher water levels. GPS data at twelve local benchmarks were collected from 2006 to 2008 during filling and drawdown reservoir levels. The velocity vectors show ground motion to be between ～0.69–1.50 mm in the different filling-drawdown cycles with reference to the permanent station at Ghuttu. The motion appears to be inwards into the reservoir when the reservoir is filled and outwards when the reservoir is drained. This ground motion corresponds to elastic deformation and rebound due to effect of the oscillating water levels.