中国西部OLR与秋季降水的关系

利用中国西部280站地面降水资料和NCEP再分析OLR资料,采用EOF、相关分析方法,分析了中国西部OLR与降水的关系.结果表明:(1)中国西部秋季OLR高值区与降水低值区相吻合,OLR低值区偏于降水高值区一侧.秋季OLR和降水具有显著的反相变化趋势.(2)西部秋季各月OLR与降水有大片显著的负相关区存在,在西北和东南...     

在MM5伴随模式中使用AMSU资料对暴雨的数值模拟

在MM5伴随模式中使用NOAA-16极轨卫星探测获得的AMSU 资料,并与MM5数值模式仅使用常规资料的条件下,对发生在2003年7月4-5日江淮流域的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟对比研究.结果表明:使用AMSU资料后,湿度场、温度场和风场均得到一定程度的改善,降水的落区和强度也更接近实况.     

台风倒槽影响下邯郸大暴雨过程分析

从天气系统背景、FY-2C卫星产品、水汽通量分布特征和大气稳定度特征等方面,分析了受台风低压倒槽与东移锋面云系的共同影响,于2005年7月21日夜间到23日邯郸市出现的大范围的暴雨天气,结果发现500 hPa槽前中尺度切变线是直接影响产生暴雨的重要系统;地形作用使迎风坡降水增强;中尺度对流云团和雨团关系密切,暴雨中心位于OLR和TBB低值区下面;西部山区的暴雨区水汽主要来源于南海、东海,东部平原大暴雨水汽主要来源于南海;暴雨区上空低层为对流不稳定,高层为对称不稳定.     

台风倒槽影响下邯郸大暴雨过程分析

从天气系统背景、FY-2C卫星产品、水汽通量分布特征和大气稳定度特征等方面,分析了受台风低压倒槽与东移锋面云系的共同影响,于2005年7月21日夜间到23日邯郸市出现的大范围的暴雨天气,结果发现:500hPa槽前中尺度切变线是直接影响产生暴雨的重要系统;地形作用使迎风坡降水增强;中尺度对流云团和雨团关系密切,暴雨中心位于OLR和TBB低值区下面;西部山区的暴雨区水汽主要来源于南海、东海,东部平原大暴雨水汽主要来源于南海;暴雨区上空低层为对流不稳定,高层为对称不稳定。     

青藏高原和新疆OLR的时空变化

一、引言 OLR是气象卫星观测到的地气系统的射出长波辐射,它决定于云顶及下垫面的温度.其高值代表了信风积云区,在陆地为沙漠干旱区;低值则代表扩展到对流层顶的强对流系统.OLR资料是整个对流层状况的反映,比单纯使用某等压面上个别要素场的分析更为优越     

西藏地区OLR分布特征

根据美国NOAA极轨卫星观测得到的射出长波辐射资料(Outgiong Longwave Radiation,简称OLR)分析了西藏高原及其附近地区各月的辐射气候特征,指出:高原冬季OLR为低值区,与降水对应关系较差,主要反映了高原冬季气温低,为冷源;高原夏季为雨季,多阴雨天气,OLR值也较小,且高原夏季降水与OLR存在较好的反相关.OLR的演变特征反映了北半球大气环流调整,同时也反映了高原热力特征的变化.合成分析了西藏高原多雨年和少雨年OLR分布差异,发现夏季旱涝与印度洋东西部对流强弱分布以及印度季风槽、副高等强度和位置变化有密切的关系.     

AMSU辐射率资料在“07·07”暴雨个例中直接同化的试验研究

利用AMSU辐射率资料和常规观测资料,采用自行模拟的区域背景误差协方差(B)的WRFDA同化系统和中尺度数值模式WRF预报系统,对2007年7月8—9日发生在江淮流域的一次暴雨过程进行了模拟研究,设计了4组试验方案,对比分析了不同方案的模拟结果。结果表明,连续同化AMSU辐射率资料,可以改善降水预报效果,尤其是降水强度;通过连续使用AMSU资料,可以改进影响暴雨系统的大尺度环境场;AMSU-A资料对温度场有较为明显的影响,而AMSU-B资料对湿度场的调整有较大的贡献。     

2005年7月1-2日山西大暴雨中排熵指数的诊断分析

利用美国新一代中尺度WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式,采用双向二重嵌套网格技术,对2005年7月1-2 日山西的大暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟,并利用模式输出的高分辨率动力协调资料进行了初步诊断分析,着重分析了排熵指数与暴雨区的关系.结果表明:活跃的副高是造成此次强降水的主要影响系统,低空西南风急流为暴雨提供了充足的水汽及动力条件;大气排熵指数由高值向低值的演变有利于对流的发展,从而导致对流暴雨形成;负熵变区(IRE《0)对应着暴雨区,负熵变区的汇合反映了暴雨的落区;排熵指数与暴雨区有较好的对应关系.     

OLR资料在华南前汛期特大暴雨过程分析和预报中的应用

运用OLR资料分析1975—1977、1979—1982年期间华南前汛期的17次特大暴雨过程,综合出三类OLR场形式,揭示了特大暴雨形成和出现时的特征,同时还结合对流稳定度指数分析,为这类暴雨的超短期预报提供了诊断方法。      

对于一次川渝暴雨的ATOVS资料同化数值模拟

利用我国全球中期数值预报业务模式T213L31及其三维变分同化系统SSI,对全球NO—AAl6、17的ATOVS资料进行了同化试验。对2007年7月16-18日发生在川渝地区的一次暴雨过程进行数值模拟研究,对比分析了仅同化常规资料与加入卫星资料后的同化结果及模拟结果。试验表明：T213L31模式加入同化AMSU资料后,可以改善降水预报,尤其是降水强度。通过连续滚动同化卫星资料,模式对于大尺度环境场改进明显,模拟效果更加接近实况。AMSU资料的使用可以改进温度场、湿度场以及风场,对于降水落区的预报有很好的指示意义。同化AMSU资料虽然一定程度上增加了降水区的湿度,但是该区域为一个稳定维持的低湿中心占据,是造成降水落区出现偏差的原因。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.