粤西大金山花岗岩体地球化学特征及岩石成因探讨

大金山花岗岩体是一个与广东省大金山钨锡多金属矿床有关的隐伏岩体,岩性主要由中细粒黑云母花岗岩和似斑状黑云母花岗岩组成。大金山花岗岩体具有高硅、富碱、贫镁钙、准铝质的特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素以富集Rb、Th、U而亏损Nb、Eu、Ti为特征;稀土元素含量较高,中细粒黑云母花岗岩和似斑状黑云母花岗岩稀土元素含量分别为203.36×10-6-248.42×10-6、243.76×10-6-255.08×10-6,似斑状黑云母花岗岩稀土元素含量略高,中细粒黑云母花岗岩略富集重稀土而似斑状黑云母花岗岩则富集轻稀土;两者均具有强烈的Eu负异常,δEu值分别为0.004-0.009、0.059-0.13。中细粒黑云母花岗岩和似斑状黑云母花岗岩的εHf(t)值分别为-2.05--8.64、-0.92--6.57;两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)分别为1 277-1 692 Ma和1 204-1 556 Ma。综合区域地质背景和大金山花岗岩体的地球化学特征,认为大金山花岗岩体形成于地壳拉张-伸展的构造背景下,是中元古代地壳部分熔融的产物。     

辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩岩石学特征、侵位顺序及地质意义

辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主要由4种不同的岩石单元组成,分别为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩和花岗伟晶岩,前两者分布广泛且为研究区的主要岩石单元,后两者则呈脉状侵入到前两者中。应用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,测得似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩及花岗细晶岩的年龄分别为2 496±18 Ma,2 490±19 Ma,2 479±29 Ma,形成于古元古代早期。结合野外地质特征,侵位顺序由早到晚依次为:似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩,花岗伟晶岩。岩石地球化学特征显示,新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主量元素方面具高硅(SiO2=61.38%~74.99%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.86%~9.41%),富Mg#(56~70)特征;A/CNK=0.91~1.18,属准铝质-过铝质岩石;微量元素方面,相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有Eu异常(δEu=0.50~0.96);富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征εHf(t)值为-1.12~+6.13;TDM2(Hf)介于2 594~2 937 Ma,显示该套岩浆杂岩可能为地幔物质加入新生地壳再造的产物。     

滇东北东川下田坝A型花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

通过对滇东北东川下田坝地区黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩2种岩体的地球化学分析及对黑云母二长花岗岩的U-Pb同位素测试,得到如下认识:黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状钾长花岗岩总体地球化学特征相似,主量元素表现出高SiO2(平均71.7%)、过铝质(A/CNK指数在1.03~1.52)的特征,过碱指数在0.95~1.37之间,总体属于钙碱系列;稀土元素总量较高(ΣREE平均313×10-6),(Ce/Yb)N均值为8.85,(La/Yb)N均值为9.54,呈现轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,仅Eu亏损(δEu均值0.31)的海鸥型右倾模式;大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等呈明显负异常,说明岩浆源岩以陆壳成分为主;Ga/Al均值为2.69,(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)均值为383;微量元素Sr、Eu低,富集Nb、Zr等元素,反映其源区存在斜长石的残留;锆石饱和温度为724~786℃,表明初始岩浆温度较高。上述特征说明,下田坝花岗岩为典型的A型花岗岩,形成于中上地壳的板内伸展背景。黑云母二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为801.1±6.6Ma,同时受到762.1±6.2Ma热事件的影响,与新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在时间上一致,亦与东川铜矿成矿时代相符,说明新元古代裂谷环境的岩浆事件范围可扩大至滇东北东川,并可能引发热液成矿作用。     

西秦岭闾井花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学及其意义

闾井岩体是西秦岭"五朵金花"岩体群的成员之一。岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、含斑黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩及粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩。对似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U_Pb定年分别获得221±1 Ma(N=20,MSWD=0.11)、221±1 Ma(N=24,MSWD=0.04)和218±1 Ma(N=15,MSWD=0.13)的年龄,表明该岩体形成于晚三叠世,其中似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩比中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩形成略早。该花岗岩的A/CNK=1.02~1.16,Na_2O+K_2O=7.65%~8.84%,K_2O/Na_2O=1.37~1.82,属于过铝质-强过铝质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,为I型花岗岩。稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有显著的负Eu异常。地球化学上总体富集Rb、Th、K元素,不同程度亏损Sr、Nb、P、Ti元素。锆石饱和温度计算显示,闾井岩体成岩温度为736~818℃。该岩体与"五朵金花"岩体群中的中川岩体具有相似的形成时代及地球化学特征,表明闾井岩体与中川岩体可能具有相似的成岩机制,其外围可能也具有和中川岩体一样的成矿潜力。     

吉林福安堡棒子山花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

棒子山岩体为福安堡钼矿床的赋矿围岩,其岩性主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩等。本次测得似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为179±2Ma、172±1Ma,形成于中侏罗世,属燕山早期。棒子山花岗岩的SiO2含量为61.89%～71.06%,相对较高;Al2O3含量很高,为14.54%～17.11%;K2O含量为2.28%～4.38%,Na2O含量为3.74%～7.82%,Fe2O3含量为2.34%～5.91%,MgO含量为0.55%～2.37%。微量元素特征显示,棒子山花岗岩富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素和不相容元素U、Th,强烈亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素;稀土元素特征显示轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,有轻微的Eu负异常。上述结果表明,棒子山花岗岩石为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩,其形成可能与太平洋板块的俯冲有关。     

吉林汪清夹皮沟斑岩型钼矿床的形成时代与成矿构造背景

夹皮沟钼矿床是吉林省汪清县近年来发现的一个中型斑岩型钼矿床.矿体赋存在受北东向断裂控制的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩内.含矿岩体中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为(193.1±1.0) Ma(MSWD=1.02),矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(188.6±4.7) Ma(MSWD=0.41),表明夹皮沟钼矿床形成于早侏罗世,与区域内其他斑岩型钼矿床(成岩成矿时代介于190～160Ma)同属于燕山早期大规模构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物.似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩具有高硅[w(SiO2)=72.29％ ～72.81％]、富碱[w(Na2O+K2O)=7.62％ ～7.71％]的特点,属于弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性岩石系列;稀土元素分布型式呈明显的右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显(LREE/HREE为6.41～7.34),Eu异常中等(δEu=0.33 ～ 0.40);微量元素组成上表现为富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE).似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩属于Ⅰ型花岗岩,矿床成岩成矿物质可能源于俯冲背景下增厚的下地壳.结合区域地质构造演化,认为夹皮沟钼矿形成于古亚洲洋构造体制与环太平洋构造体制叠加与转换的构造背景下,成岩成矿作用与燕山早期古太平洋板块的俯冲作用关系密切.     

内蒙古东部红山子复式岩体晚侏罗世黑云母花岗岩地球化学特征及地质意义

位于沽源—红山子铀成矿带北东段的红山子复式岩体,由晚侏罗世早期碱长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩和早白垩世早期细粒黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩组成,并以晚侏罗世早期碱长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩为主体。晚侏罗世早期黑云母花岗岩包括中细粒黑云母花岗岩和似斑状黑云母花岗岩两种,它们均具高硅、富碱、钾和铁、贫铝和低钙、镁的主量元素特征,SiO_2分别为75.2%～76.6%和74.6%～75.3%,(K_2O+Na_2O)分别为8.19%～8.96%和8.78%～9.10%, K_2O/Na_2O分别为1.19～1.39和1.29～1.35,在SiO_2—MALI图解中落入钙碱值与碱钙值A型花岗岩区域内;Al_2O_3的含量分别为11.5%～12.3%和12.5%～12.7%,CaO分别为0.30%～1.24%和0.76%～0.83%,A/CNK分别为0.90～0.97和0.93～0.96,均不含标准矿物刚玉;FeO+Fe_2O_3分别为2.23%～2.65%和2.33%～2.48%(均1.00%),锆石饱和温度分别为834～869℃和819～839℃(均800℃),具有A型花岗岩的富铁和高温特征。中细粒黑云母花岗岩和斑状黑云母花岗岩稀土含量较高、富集轻稀土、重稀土分异不明显和Eu强烈亏损,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K等和高场强元素Zr、Hf、Nd、Ta、Y等,亏损大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr等,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y的含量分别为897×10~(-6)～1236×10~(-6)和513×10~(-6)～643×10~(-6)(均350×10~(-6)),10000Ga/Al值分别为6.28～6.90和3.28～3.98(均大于2.6),具有A型花岗岩的微量元素特征。在Nb—Y—3Ga、Nb—Y—Ce和Y/Nb—Rb/Nb图解中显示A_1和A_2型过渡型花岗岩的特征,微量元素构造判别图解显示板内拉张构造环境。中细粒黑云母花岗岩和斑状黑云母花岗岩具有较低的■、较高的ε_(Nd)(t)、较年轻的T_(DM2)、较低的■、■、■和较低的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW),表明岩浆源于年轻下地壳底部的部分熔融,且经历了高温热液蚀变作用。可见,中细粒黑云母花岗岩和斑状黑云母花岗岩是在板内拉张构造环境下,由源于Ⅰ型富集地幔的基性岩浆底侵于下地壳和少量古老下地壳混染后,形成的年轻下地壳再部分熔融形成的A_2型花岗岩。根据中细粒黑云母花岗岩和斑状黑云母花岗岩U含量较高,分别为7.3×10~(-6)～22.3×10~(-6)(平均14.6×10~(-6))和4.53×10~(-6)～6.90×10~(-6)(平均6.01×10~(-6)),并经历了高温热液蚀变作用,特别是前者与晚侏罗世火山岩的内、外接触带中已发现铀矿化,提出晚侏罗世黑云母花岗岩的内、外接触带是深入开展铀矿勘查的有利部位。     

雪峰弧形构造带南段牛角界钨矿区花岗岩地球化学特征

湖南牛角界钨矿区花岗岩体位于雪峰弧形构造带南段。岩体主要由细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中钨矿化与细粒、中细粒花岗岩有关。岩石地球化学特征表明,富碱[ω(Na2O+K2O)=7.58~8.23wt%)],富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.41~1.56),A/CNK=1.45~1.55,属过铝质高钾“S”型花岗岩。稀土元素总量较低(66.29×10^-6~107.78×10^-6),富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE为4.59~8.51,呈右倾型。δEu含量为0.13~0.48,远小于1,显示明显的负异常。在微量元素配分模式中,岩石富集K、W、Ba、Cs、Rb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Yb等高场强元素。岩体形成于碰撞造山后环境,并且对牛角界钨矿的形成具有一定的贡献。     

甘肃北山算井子埃达克质花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

算井子埃达克质花岗岩体由中粗粒片麻状黑云母花岗闪长岩、中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩3个岩相单元组成,其为同一次岩浆熔融事件过程中曾经发生过三次岩浆侵入活动而形成的深成岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,算井子埃达克质花岗岩体侵位于早石炭世(350.0～351.7Ma),为海西中期的产物。该岩体总体富硅(SiO_2为67.81%～70.93%),富铝(Al_2O_3为14.94%～16.07%),全碱含量中等(K_2O+Na_2O为6.01%～6.74%),K_2O/Na_2O为0.37～0.69,富含钠质成分,而Ti、Ca、Fe和Mg(MgO为0.99%～1.61%)含量较低,(K_2O+Na_2O)/Al_2O_3为0.37～0.45,A/CNK为0.95～1.03,属于准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性花岗岩。微量元素Sr含量(409×10~(-6)～548×10~(-6))较高,而Y(8.1×10~(-6)～17.7×10~(-6))和Yb(0.83×10~(-6)～1.73×10~(-6))含量较低,总体上富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba和高场强元素(HFSE)Th,而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti,稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾型,轻重稀土分馏大,轻稀土富集且分异明显,而重稀土亏损且分异不显著,具轻微的铕异常(δEu=0.64～1.13),与典型的埃达克岩特征相似。年代学及地球化学特征研究表明:(1)算井子岩体属准铝质-弱过铝质未分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩,并具有典型的埃达克岩特征;(2)岩浆源于俯冲板片流体交代地幔楔诱发下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融源区,并在岩浆上升过程中混染了火山弧物质;(3)岩体形成于海西中期活动大陆边缘的火山弧环境,推测其南侧的塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的俯冲-碰撞效应可能一直持续到早石炭世。     

东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地球动力学意义

东昆仑沟里地区位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑造山带东段,区内发育花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、似斑状二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗岩。花岗闪长岩样品中锆石呈半自形-自形柱状,震荡环带较发育,为岩浆成因锆石,样品的U-Pb加权平均年龄为(225±1.7)Ma,代表其岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征显示该地区花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和低钛特征,为准铝质-过铝质岩石,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,具有弱的Eu负异常,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。岩石地球化学、年代学研究以及区域构造演化表明,东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩形成在晚三叠世碰撞到后碰撞造山阶段,且该岩体的形成与布青山-阿尼玛卿洋俯冲作用有很大的关系。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861