云南勐海县勐阿街温泉水化学和同位素特征及成因

勐阿街温泉地处云南西南部勐阿盆地,现主要有4个温泉出露点,在澜沧江断裂带西侧沿NW向小型断裂磨刀河—曼懂断裂带出露。地下热储带分布于华力西期—印支期的中酸性侵入岩中,热水富集在花岗岩断裂破碎带及断裂交汇位置。温泉近20年来主要成分未发生较大变化,温泉矿化度较低（0.31~0.34 g/L）,水化学类型为HCO3—Na型,为中低温、弱碱性温泉。热水中F-含量为12.8~13.2 mg/L,H2SiO3含量为52.5~67.6 mg/L,含有锂、锶、钨等微量元素。温泉水化学类型成因为含CO2的地下水对花岗岩体发生溶滤作用而形成,F-含量高可能是由于溶解了花岗岩中含氟的黑云母,H2SiO3含量较高的原因是温泉水与含硅酸盐岩的岩石发生大面积接触溶滤作用。氢氧稳定同位素组成表明勐阿街温泉的补给水源为大气降水,并具有轻微的18O漂移现象,表明水与围岩的氧同位素交换程度较高,热储温度较高。用同位素方法估算温泉的补给区高程在1 200 m左右,补给温度约为10 ℃,推测温泉水源主要来自勐阿街盆地周围山地的大气降水,计算得热储温度为93~104 ℃。勐阿街温泉成因为其周围山区大气降水入渗补给后,经历深循环受大地热流加热后,沿断裂带上升出露成泉。热水在上升途中与浅部冷水相遇,冷水混合比例52%~76%,热水循环深度为3 000~3 360 m。     

鲁山县碱厂地热田地热资源特征及开发利用潜力研究

地热资源已成为现阶段重要的绿色能源之一,研究区鲁山碱厂地热田位于车村—下汤深大裂带与南部的二郎庙—温汤庙裂带及水磨庄—栗村断裂之间。受到北西和北东向次级断裂带的影响,在次级两断裂的交汇处原有温泉出露,呈泉群形式产出。研究区热1井,水温50℃,涌水量95.8 m³/h,地热流体属于氟—硅复合型理疗热矿水。属于对流型地热,热储类型为带状热储,热储层由熊耳群安山玢岩组成,属断裂带裂隙承压水。研究区1 000 m深度内,热储中地热资源量7.37×10¹⁷ J,储存热水量7.10×10⁸ m³。地热流体可开采量8.76×10⁵ m³/a的,产能4.12 MW,为小型低温地热田。通过研究该地热区的地热资源特征开发利用情况,对鲁山地热资源勘查评价与开发有着积极的指导意义。     

安徽滁河断裂带温泉的水化学和同位素特征及成因分析

笔者等以安徽滁河断裂带内的6个温泉为主要研究对象,分析了水样的水化学特征,利用氢氧同位素对温泉的补给高程进行估算,并提出温泉的成因模式。研究区温泉阳离子以Ca2+和Mg2+为主,根据SO2-4和HCO-3的相对含量的不同,可以将水样分为两组,A组水样（富HCO-3）的主要离子的质量浓度均低于B组（富SO2-4）水样,A组水样的水化学类型为HCO-3—Ca2+·Mg2+; B组水样的（除AH14为SO2-4—Ca2+外）水化学类型为SO2-4—Ca2+·Mg2+。A组水样的稀土元素含量高于B组,二者均在NASC标准化图解上表现出平坦型的配分模式,且都表现出轻稀土富集和Eu正异常的特征。水样的氢氧稳定同位素组成表明温泉的补给来源都是大气降水,补给区温度约为13~15 ℃。A组温泉的补给高程为120~160 m低于B组温泉的200~260 m,且A组温泉的热储温度为45~70℃,低于B组温泉的热储温度70~105 ℃。地下水经历深循环获得大地热流加热后沿断裂带上升出地表。     

安徽滁河断裂带温泉的水化学和同位素特征及成因分析

笔者等以安徽滁河断裂带内的6个温泉为主要研究对象,分析了水样的水化学特征,利用氢氧同位素对温泉的补给方程进行估算,并提出温泉的成因模式。研究区温泉阳离子以Ca2+和Mg2+为主,根据SO2-4和HCO-3的相对含量的不同,可以将水样分为两组,A组水样（富HCO-3）的主要离子的质量浓度均低于B组（富SO2-4）水样,A组水样的水化学类型为HCO-3—Ca2+·Mg2+; B组水样的（除AH16 4为SO2-4—Ca2+外）水化学类型为SO2+4—Ca2+·Mg2+。A组水样的稀土元素含量高于B组,二者均在NASC标准化图解上表现出平坦型的配分模式,且都表现出轻稀土富集和Eu正异常的特征。水样的氢氧稳定同位素组成表明温泉的补给来源都是大气降水,补给区温度约为13~15 ℃。A组温泉的补给高程为120~160 m低于B组温泉的200~260 m,且A组温泉的热储温度为45~70℃,低于B组温泉的热储温度70~105 ℃。地下水经历深循环获得大地热流加热后沿断裂带上升出地表。     

由相对地热梯度推断的腾冲火山区现存岩浆囊

为利用温泉来研究和监测腾冲火山区的现今岩浆分布并探讨其活动性，提出相对地热梯度的概念：假设各热田或水热活动区的热储深度相等，则热储温度与地表温泉温度之差为该地相对地热梯度。通过对前人在该地区获得的温泉的基本要素和温泉水化学分析数据分析，选取了159个温泉计算相对地热梯度。用这159个数据，通过克里金插值方法获得了腾冲火山区的相对地热梯度平面分布。结果发现腾冲火山区有3个相对地热梯度在100℃以上的高值区域。结合其他资料，认为腾冲火山区现今存在3个岩浆囊，它们的几何尺度为19～28kin，深度为4～12km或更深，并且目前的活动性各不相同。     

桃源县热市地热田地热流体特征及成因分析

桃源县热市地热田在地热构造上位于花垣—张家界—慈利区域性深大控热断裂的北东端南东延伸带上,属断裂控制的带状热储。热异常沿热市河谷呈北西向带状展布。地热流体的补给源主要为大气降水,深部热能沿热市断层带上升到一定部位后遇到丰富的岩溶水,岩溶水吸收热能使地下水温度增高形成热水,其成因模式为大气降水补给的断裂带深循环型地热系统。结果表明:研究区温泉水温及流量动态变化较小,地下热水水量丰富,温度适宜,具有良好的开发前景。     

台湾省地热开发简史

我国台湾省位于西太平洋岛弧带,全省地热区约80余个,主要分布于岛北端的大屯火山区、中央山脉变质岩区和台东纵谷带。温泉的温度一般局限于两个区间,即38—70℃和84—99℃,在一些喷汽孔区,温度可达120℃(大屯的大油坑喷汽孔)。除大屯火山区     

内蒙古阿尔山温泉热结构

首先通过对阿尔山温泉区的热源研究，确定阿尔山温泉为中低温对流型地热系统，继而在对温泉区进行地球物理、地球化学综合勘探的基础上，研究阿尔山地热区的热储温度、温泉水循环深度、水热资源规模及温泉在阿尔山地堑中的空间展布，最后根据各种研究方法所获得的数据建立了阿尔山温泉概念性地热系统模型。     

藏南茶卡—曲卓木温泉水化学特征与成因机理

位于青藏高原南部的茶卡—曲卓木区域地质条件复杂,构造发育,水热活动强烈,区内温泉展布主要受区内断裂控制,并呈现出分区发育的特征。本文以区内主要的茶卡水热活动区和曲卓木水热活动区的温泉为研究对象,通过对水热活动区地质、水文地质条件和温泉出露特征开展野外调查,并对温泉和地表水进行采样分析,并运用水文地球化学分析方法,对区内温泉水岩反应过程和补给来源进行了分析研究,同时利用SiO2、阳离子地热温标和硅-焓混合模型方法计算了深部热储温度。基于以上研究成果,进一步分析了区内温泉的形成机制,建立了区内温泉成因模式概念模型,并对地热资源量进行了评价,结果表明：(1)茶卡水热活动区温泉温度普遍高于曲卓木水热活动区,其温泉水化学类型为Cl-Na型水,曲卓木水热活动区则主要为SO₄-Cl-Na型水;(2)大气降水为主要补给来源,补给高程范围在4 517～5 186 m;(3)茶卡水热活动区、曲卓木水热活动区热储温度分别为208～251℃、80～102℃,冷热水混合比分别为33%～47%、34%～49%;(4)研究区内天然地热水的年可开发能量达到8.50×10¹³...     

剑川—德钦一带的地热异常:对川滇菱块西北边界和地震活动性的意义

为研究川滇菱块西北缘剑川-德钦一带地热场空间分布特征,探索地热异常区与断裂及地震活动性的关系以及活动块体边界问题,运用4种传统地热温标和多矿物平衡法综合估算了川滇菱块滇西北地区(德钦-维西-剑川-丽江-中甸) 91个地热温泉的最有可能的热储温度,通过克里金插值方法获得了滇西北地区的热储温度空间分布。结果表明,地热异常区主要沿德钦-中甸-大具断裂及其以北的多条近南北向金沙江断裂的分支断层展布,澜沧江断裂带、维西-马登断裂、玉龙雪山东麓断裂和中甸-龙蟠-乔后断裂局部分段表现地热异常;地热异常区的地理展布大致反映了德钦-中甸-大具断裂与金沙江断裂带共同构成了川滇菱形块体的西北边界;绝大多数中强地震震中位于地热中-高值区即地热的横向梯度带上,德钦-中甸-稻城一带地热横向梯度变化较大且历史上强震稀少,未来的地震危险性值得关注。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861