Assimilating satellite SST/SSH and in-situ T/S profiles with the Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter

The Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter(LWEnKF) is a new nonlinear/non-Gaussian data assimilation(DA) method that can effectively alleviate the filter degradation problem faced by particle filtering, and it has great prospects for applications in geophysical models. In terms of operational applications, along-track sea surface height(AT-SSH), swath sea surface temperature(S-SST) and in-situ temperature and salinity(T/S) profiles are assimilated using the LWEnKF in the northern South China ...     

Bias correction of sea surface temperature retrospective fore-casts in the South China Sea

Offline bias correction of numerical marine forecast products is an effective post-processing means to improve forecast accuracy. Two offline bias correction methods for sea surface temperature(SST) forecasts have been developed in this study: a backpropagation neural network(BPNN) algorithm, and a hybrid algorithm of empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis and BPNN(named EOF-BPNN). The performances of these two methods are validated using bias correction experiments implemented in the South...     

20世纪夏威夷最大海啸的地质证据

夏威夷历史海啸记录包含远距离和当地产生的海啸,由这些事件引起的人员伤亡和对建筑、环境造成的破坏与损失是惊人的,但是在近来才有一些对历史海啸沉积事件的综合性的研究.夏威夷多岩石的海岸线的演变主要是海啸和风暴的贡献,然而区分风暴和海啸是很难的,特别是相关的小的历史海啸事件.因此夏威夷海啸的研究往往关注于大的古海啸沉积事件.研究表明远距离产生的事件,如1946年阿留申海啸对瓦胡岛岩石岸线的演变具有重要影响.活火山也有助于岩石岸线的形成,且容易引发当地海啸.现代活动的Kilauea火山南侧海域的逐步沉降并没有引起太平洋范围内的破坏性的大海啸,但引发了局部一系列重要的海啸事件,这些事件的周期被估计认为是200年.     

Validation and application of soil moisture active passive sea surface salinity observation over the Changjiang River Estuary

Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.     

团结奋进再创辉煌——中国海洋卫星事业发展20年回顾

我国是管理海域辽阔,海岸线漫长,资源丰富的海洋大国。大力发展海洋事业,事关国家的长治久安和经济社会的可持续发展。加强对海洋的观测和了解,准确预报海洋灾害,合理开发利用海洋资源,努力保护海洋生态环境,有效维护国家海洋主权与权益,是广大海洋工作者和海洋管理部门的神圣使命和战略任务。国家海洋局从建局以来,就一直积极发展海洋科学技术,着力强化海洋观测系统建设,不断提高对海洋的持久观测能力,为海洋事业实现跨越式发展提供了强有力的支撑。     

海洋湖沼通报征稿启事

一、本刊为海洋与湖沼科学的综合性学术刊物。内容包括:1.海洋与湖沼科学研究的论文、调查及实验报告;2.海洋与湖沼科学的综合评述、重要书刊和论文的评介;3.国内外海洋与湖沼科学的先进经验及学术动态。二、投稿须知1.来稿的图、表及说明要清楚、准确,置于文中相应位置。论文要求文字、语法符合汉语规范,标点使用要恰当。电子稿书写请按宋体5号字、1.5倍行距。文中使用照片的,请寄冲     

国际海岸清洁日 斑海豹协会在行动

2011年9月17日是国际海岸清洁日。由辽宁省盘锦市保护斑海豹志愿者协会发起,盘锦市180多名环保志愿者来到辽河入海口的斑海豹栖息地三道沟和六道沟海岸,捡拾海边不可降解的白色垃圾。这是盘锦市第一次组织和参与国际海岸清洁日活动。这次活动早在8月就在盘锦市保护斑海豹志愿者协会论坛上发帖通知,并在《辽河晚报》发布了征召志愿者的公告。协会会员和广大志愿者积极报名参加,上至70多岁的老人,下至7、8岁的孩童,有的是一家三口自驾车参加活动。17日是个周末,     

科技短消息

腰围增大,大脑萎缩?与相对较瘦的老年人相比,肥胖老年人的大脑认知区域较小,这使得他们的大脑年龄至少比实际年龄老了16岁。从前有研究表明,中年肥胖会增大日后患老年痴呆的风险,而老年痴呆通常伴随着大脑萎缩。美国加州大学的科学家们选择了94     

Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacterial community composition and screening for facultative sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine corrosive steel

Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.     

海洋可再生能源开发利用技术成熟度研究

技术成熟度评价是用数值评价技术确定研发项目符合研发目标程度的一种方法,国外在航天领域、作战飞机和导弹系统研发、国防采办等项目中得到了广泛的应用。文章扼要介绍了技术成熟度概念的形成以及自20世纪90年代以来我国对于技术成熟度的研究和有关部门制定的评价技术成熟度的标准。海洋可再生能源开发利用是一个新兴的领域,面临着巨大的技术风险,而技术成熟度评价作为风险管理的一个重要手段,在海洋可再生能源开发利用项目管理应用中有着广阔的前景。     

筏式波浪能发电装置浮体水动力相互作用与能量俘获研究

基于三维势流理论,建立筏式波浪发电装置多浮体水动力模型。利用AQWA水动力软件研究多浮体水动力相互作用对发电装置浮体单元水动力系数的影响;将能量转换系统等效成刚度-阻尼模型后,对其进行不规则波时域模拟,对比分析方向谱和频率谱波浪模型对波浪发电装置能量吸收的影响。结果表明:浮体之间的水动力相互作用对浮体单元纵荡方向上的附加质量与辐射阻尼系数有明显的影响,对垂荡和纵摇方向上的水动力系数影响较小;不同的波浪模型下,能量俘获功率有着较大的差别,特别是在迎浪状态下。     

波浪能发电装置海上选址的分析研究

海上选址是波浪能发电装置进行现场试验以及电站投产建设的基础工作,是装置正常运行的先决条件。文章基于层次分析法原理,对波浪能发电装置海上选址的影响因素进行分析,将选址问题的定性分析转化为定量计算,通过计算找出最优的选址方案,为波浪能发电装置海上选址提供了科学的决策依据。     

海洋能发电装置的防腐技术概述

防腐蚀是海洋能开发利用过程中急需解决的关键技术之一.文中分析研究了海洋能发电装置的腐蚀因素、腐蚀环境以及存在的腐蚀类型,总结了提高防腐蚀的措施,提出了规范化海洋能发电装置防腐蚀的建议.     

浮筒式波浪能发电装置中轴流式水轮机能量特性研究

当今世界,全球资源严重匮乏,环境日益恶化,波浪能作为一种清洁、可再生海洋能源,有利于贯彻我国可持续发展战略。文中针对南海某海域,根据国家海洋局提供的波浪周期和波高数据,通过计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟,研究不同时期波浪周期和波高的变化对轴流式水轮机效率的影响。计算结果表明,因波浪参数变化,浮筒式波浪能发电装置水头变化范围为11~17 m,优选设计水头为13 m。通过改变水轮机叶片安装角度,优化水轮机效率,并对水轮机转轮及出水流道流动特性进行研究。最终得出:在优选设计水头为13 m时,水轮机在叶片相对安放角为-4°,最高效率达85.67%,水轮机转轮及出水流道流态平直,水轮机工作性能稳定,满足浮筒式波能发电装置工作要求。文中研究工作,为优化浮筒式波能发电平台及提高平台投资回报率奠定理论基础。     

A Representation of Tidal Currents Based on Energy Flux

This article shows that the current associated with a tidal constituent can be represented as the sum of two vectors, one in phase with the surface elevation, the other in quadrature with the elevation. The in-phase component, which accounts for all the mean energy flux, resembles a traveling wave, while the quadrature component has some properties in common with standing waves.     

上海市开发潮汐能、潮流能和风能的前景

上海目前消耗的能源全部来自煤、石油和天然气，环境污染一直困扰着上海。由于大量使用煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源，带来两大问题：化石物质在燃烧过程中，排放了大量有害有毒物质，严重地污染了环境；地球上这些资源的储存量是有限的，专家们指出，如继续大量使用石油，按现有储量，则五六十年后石油资源将枯竭，已探明可开采的天然气约可维持六七十年，储量丰富的煤，预计也只有三百年左右的开采寿命。１面对能源与环境的双重挑战，研究开发利用清洁和可再生的新能源已在世界发达国家兴起。新能源主要包括太阳能、风能、生物质能、…     

A Representation of Tidal Currents Based on Energy Flux

This article shows that the current associated with a tidal constituent can be represented as the sum of two vectors, one in phase with the surface elevation, the other in quadrature with the elevation. The in-phase component, which accounts for all the mean energy flux, resembles a traveling wave, while the quadrature component has some properties in common with standing waves.     

成山头外潮流能初步估算

应用短期潮流调和分析方法,对成山头外一定点连续观测站的潮流数据进行分析,计算了O1,K1,M2,S2,M4,MS4 6个主要分潮潮流调和常数及椭圆要素,分析了成山头外海区潮流的变化特征,通过潮流预报计算了该海域的潮流功率密度。结果表明:基于调和分析的潮流预报流速与实测流速吻合良好;成山头外海域表层、中层、底层的潮流平均功率密度分别为327 W/m2,219 W/m2,115 W/m2,垂向平均的平均功率密度为225 W/m2,该海域的潮流能理论蕴藏量为1.77×107 W。