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1.
Analyses of 67 samples collected from 25 bore wells and 42 dug wells in the basaltic aquifer at Tuppa, New Nanded, Maharashtra, India over a period of three years revealed that groundwater from this region shows higher content of TDS, Cl, TH, Ca, Mg and SO4 The geochemical characteristic of groundwater is related to pollution. The source of this pollution is effluent from industries. The effluent is discharged in a stream flowing through this area. The effluent is also discharged in the injection wells. The result of this is that pollutants have entered into the aquifer system and flowed farther in the eastern direction. The zone of pollution has an aerial extent of more than 38 km2. The values of molar ratios of effluent sample are either the same or a little higher than the samples from the polluted zone, suggesting that industrial effluent, probably, is the source of pollution in this region. The people from this region have already stopped using water from these polluted wells, which forms the only source of drinking water in the area. 相似文献
2.
Groundwater pollution due to discharge of industrial effluents in Venkatapuram area, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hindustan Polymers Limited was established in the Venkatapuram area in the northwestern part of Visakhapatnam urban agglomeration.
Untreated industrial effluent from the plant is discharged with total dissolved solids concentrations reaching up to 6500 mg/l.
The groundwater pollution was identified as early as 1981 and a hydrogeologic and water-quality database is available from
1981. The groundwater quality in the plant environs is found to be in the range of 3500–4500 mg/l. Major chemical constituents
of industrial-waste waters consist of Na, Cl, and SO4. Some characteristic parameters of the aquifer were estimated. The available hydrogeologic and hydrologic data was analyzed
to conceptualize the groundwater regime. A mathematical groundwater flow model was constructed to compute the hydraulic head
at the center of finite-difference grid. The computed head distribution and effective porosity of the formations were used
to calculate the groundwater flow velocity. The computed velocity field was ultimately used to prognose the pollutant migration
in groundwater accounting for the advection and dispersion processes in the mass transport model and for determining the time-dependent
pathlines of pollutant. Areal migration of pollutants from the source was predicted up to year 2002.
Received: 23 December 1996 · Accepted: 9 September 1997 相似文献
3.
Groundwater pollution by Cystine manufacturing industrial effluent around the factory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The pollution potential of Cystine industrial effluents on groundwater pollution is assessed. The results indicate that the
Cystine industrial effluent which is partially treated and stored in lagoons contains a high concentration of inorganic solids
and soluble organics. The percolation of these effluents caused groundwater pollution impairing the water quality.
Received: 20 April 1999 · Accepted: 7 June 1999 相似文献
4.
Groundwater pollution due to a tailings dam 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
In 1982, the Oman Mining Company (OMC) commenced copper mining and smelting operations in the area of Sohar (Wadi Suq), Sultanate of Oman. Seawater was used for mining operations until 1993. During this period, 11 million tonnes of tailings had been deposited behind an unlined tailings dam. This has resulted in a major groundwater pollution problem.
This paper presents results from investigation of groundwater pollution. Data pertaining to various parameters such as pH and TDS were obtained from the OMC. Most of the data were for a period of 12 years since 1984 and were gathered from an extensive network of field monitoring wells covering a distance of 14 km downstream of the tailings dam. The trends of groundwater pollution are presented with explanation. The issue of the existing remedial measures (cut-off trench for containment of the pollution source) is addressed briefly. 相似文献
5.
Nitrate pollution of ground waters from shallow basaltic aquifers,Deccan Trap Hydrologic Province,India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Analyses of groundwater samples collected from several locations in a small watershed of the Deccan Trap Hydrologic Province, indicated anomalously higher values of nitrate than the background. However, the NO3 concentrations in water from dug wells under pastureland where the subsurface material consisted of stony waste were minimum. The maximum values were reported for water from dug wells where the principal land use was agricultural. Lowering of NO3 values under shallow water-table conditions suggests denitrification. Higher concentrations of nitrate determined for samples collected from the wells with a deeper water-table indicate that denitrification process is inactive. The high values of nitrate coinciding with agricultural land use indicate fertilizers as the main source of nitrate pollution of ground-water. Decrease in Cl/NO3 ratio for agricultural land use confirms this inference. 相似文献
6.
Groundwater quality in the Niva River basin, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study was made to assess the groundwater quality in relation to agricultural and domestic uses in a part of the Peninsular
Archean granite and gneissic complex of India. Water samples were collected from the existing wells in the Niva River basin,
Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India and analysed for major ions. The analytical data, processed and interpreted acoording
to the WHO standards, reveal that, in general, the groundwater is suitable for both agricultural and domestic uses, exept
in a few locations. High concentration of nitrates were observed in some of the wells (both agricultural and domestic) that
are affected by the impact of industrial effluents. Multiple regression analysis was performed and used as a positive predictive
tool in understanding the chemistry of the groundwater.
Received: 2 May 1996 / Accepted: 14 October 1996 相似文献
7.
Groundwater nitrate pollution in an alluvium aquifer, Eskişehir urban area and its vicinity, Turkey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A large amount of the water requirement (municipal, industrial, etc.) of Eskişehir city, Turkey, is supplied from groundwater
via wells in the urban area. The groundwater in the Eskişehir Plain alluvium has been polluted by municipal and industrial
wastewater, and agricultural activities. The nitrate concentrations at nine sampling points on Porsuk River, the main water
course in the plain, ranged from 1.5 to 63.3 mg/l during the period from July 1986 to August 1988. In the same period, the
nitrate concentrations measured in water from 51 wells ranged between 2.2–257.0 mg/l. The nitrate content of the groundwater
samples was 34.2% above 45 mg/l, the upper limit for nitrate in drinking water standards. High nitrate levels were observed
in water from wells in the central and eastern parts of the urban area. The nitrate content of the well water is subject to
seasonal fluctuation. In general, low nitrate concentrations were observed in wet seasons, and high ones in dry seasons.
Received: 16 April 1996 · Accepted: 2 October 1996 相似文献
8.
Groundwater pollution in the Isparta Plain, Turkey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Groundwater pollution in the Isparta plain of Turkey is described. The wastewater in the city canalization and waste storage
are the largest polluters. Their environmental effect has been investigated, and it has been found that almost two-thirds
of the aquifer in the study area is severely polluted.
Received: 18 September 1997 · Accepted: 13 January 1998 相似文献
9.
I. Arrate J. M. Sanchez-Perez I. Antiguedad M. A. Vallecillo V. Iribar M. Ruiz 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):257-265
As a result of diverse changes in land use and in water-resource management in the high basin of the Zadorra River (Basque
Country), an important loss of water resources and an intense contamination by nitrogen compounds has taken place. The purpose
of this paper is to detail the land transformations that have taken place on the aquifer since the 1950s: increase of drainage
network, change from dry to irrigated farming, and diversion of rivers at the aquifer unit inlet. Furthermore, we analyze
the impact of these transformations on the hydrodynamics and water quality of this aquifer system.
Received: 12 January 1996 · Accepted: 10 March 1996 相似文献
10.
Groundwater flow rate and contaminant migration in fissure-karstic aquifer of Opole Triassic system southwest Poland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents hydrogeological problems occurring during municipal water exploitation and mine dewatering. These activities
result in groundwater quantity and quality changes in the fissure-karstic aquifer. Increase of nitrate concentration up to
12 mg NNO3/l due to intensive fertilizer use, and high tritium concentration, show water system impact up to 100 m depth. Intensive
water exploitation produces large cones of depression with over 40-m water-level depletion in the Opole region. Flow rates
of major components and isotopes have been verified by chemical migration history. Some aspects of the protection policy of
this type of aquifer are also discussed.
Received: 7 March 1997 · Accepted: 17 November 1998 相似文献
11.
Chemical data are used to clarify the hydrogeological regime in the Mafraq area in northern Jordan, as well as to determine
the status of water quality in the area. Groundwater from the shallow aquifer in the Mafraq area can be divided into two major
groups according to geographical locations and chemical compositions. Water in the basaltic eastern part of the study area
is characterized by the dominance of chloride, sulfate, sodium, and potassium, whereas waters in the limestone aquifers in
the west are dominated by the same cations but have higher concentrations of bicarbonate. Stable isotopes show that the shallow
aquifers contain a single water type which originated in a distinct climatic regime. This water type deviates from the Global
Meteoric Water Line (MWL), as well as from the eastern Mediterranean meteoric water line. The waters are poor in tritium,
and thus can be considered generally older than 50 years. Chemical mass balance models suggest that water is moving from the
west towards the north of the study area. This suggests that waters from the different basins are separated from each other.
Degradation of water quality can be attributed to agricultural fertilizers in most cases, although the waste-water treatment
plant at Khirbet es Samra is a contributor to pollution in the southwestern part of the study area.
Received: 20 August 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998 相似文献
12.
The overexploitation of groundwater in some parts of the country induces water quality degradation. The untreated industrial effluents discharged on the surface causes severe groundwater pollution in the industrial belt of the country. This poses a problem of supply of hazard free drinking water in the rural parts of the country. There are about 80 tanneries operating in and around Dindigul town in upper Kodaganar river basin, Tamilnadu, India. The untreated effluents from the tanneries have considerably affected the quality of groundwater in this area. To assess the extent of groundwater deterioration, a detailed analysis of groundwater quality data has been carried out. The concentration of cations such as Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+), and anions such as Bicarbonate (HCO3–), Sulphate (SO42–), Chloride (Cl–) and Nitrate (NO3–) in the groundwater have been studied. Apart from these constituents, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid and total hardness (TH as CaCO3) were also studied. The correlation of these constituents with the EC has been carried out. The highest correlation is observed between EC and chloride with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Progressive reduction in correlation coefficients for Mg2+, (Na+ + K+), Ca2+ and SO42– are observed as 0.91, 0.87, 0.86 and 0.56, respectively. It is found that the quality of groundwater in the area under investigation is deteriorated mainly due to extensive use of salt in the leather industries. 相似文献
13.
The use of statistical techniques in studying the causes of geochemical variations in aquifers can provide important results
which cannot be derived in other ways. In this study, data from the Wadi Shueib catchment area in Jordan is evaluated, using
principle component factor and multivariate factor analysis in order to better understand the variablility in groundwater
chemistry and evaluate the sources of pollution and the susceptibility of these aquifers to the different sources of pollution.
This study clearly demonstrates that these statistical techniques can help determine the various mechanisms causing chemical
variation in the aquifers and the relative susceptibility of each aquifer to different types of pollution.
Received: 13 March 1996 · Accepted: 18 June 1996 相似文献
14.
Groundwater quality in parts of Central Ganga Basin, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper deals with the drinking water quality of the Ganga-Kali sub-basin which occupies 1300 km2 over parts of Aligarh and Etah districts. Water samples were collected from shallow and deep aquifers and were analyzed for
major ions and trace elements. The analytical data were interpreted according to published guidelines. Chemical analysis shows
that the groundwater in the basin is alkali bicarbonate type. Trace element studies of water from the shallow aquifer show
that the concentration of toxic metals Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Cr+6 are above permissible limits which may present a health hazard. The water from the deep aquifer is comparatively free from
contamination. The aquifers are subject to contamination due to sewage effluents and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides
in agriculture.
Received: 7 December 1998 · Accepted: 2 March 1999 相似文献
15.
D. Drew 《Environmental Geology》1996,28(3):137-144
The Burren plateau of County Clare is a classic example of a plateau karst characterised by patchy, thin soils, a lack of
defined surface drainage, and in the instance of the Burren, a rich floristic, archaeological and landscape heritage.
Since accession to the European Union and, in particular, as a result of Common Agricultural Policy initiatives, attempts
have been made to raise farm incomes and to modernise agriculture in areas such as the Burren.
Due to the encouragement of land reclamation and silage production has largely replaced hay farming for winter fodder. These
changes pose a threat to groundwater quality by enhancing the leaching of artificial fertilizers or of organic pollutants.
The Burren is highly vulnerable to water pollution from silage effluent because of its thin or absent soils and its highly
karstified aquifers.
A full survey of silage clamps was made in the summers of 1991 and 1992. For each site data were collected to derive the following:
mass of silage, effluent produced, hazard rating of site to groundwater, likely discharge of effluent to groundwater and groundwater
dilution index. About 60% of clamps were considered to be high risk and 23% medium risk. About 92% of all sites probably allow
some effluent to infiltrate groundwater.
Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995 相似文献
16.
Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal: potential damage of subsidence and sea level rise in southern New Jersey, USA 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal combined with a global sea level rise creates a serious environmental problem
in the coastal region. Groundwater withdrawal results in fluid pressure change in the layers. The pressure change in the layers
induces both elastic and inelastic land compaction. The elastic compaction can be recovered if the water level rises again
and inelastic compaction becomes permanent. Groundwater response to barometric pressure change is used to estimate the elastic
compaction in this study. The storativity, specific storage and other layer and hydrological information are used to estimate
the inelastic compaction of the layers due to fluid withdrawal. The discussed methods are applied to estimate and predict
the subsidence potentials resulting from overdrafting of the groundwater in the southern New Jersey. The estimated subsidence
is about 2–3 cm near the location of monitoring wells in Atlantic, Camden, Cumberland and Cape May Counties over the past
20 years. If the current trend of water-level drop continues, the average subsidence in southern New Jersey in the vicinity
of some monitoring wells will be about 3 cm in the next 20 years. The rise of global sea level is about 2 mm/year on average.
Because of the very gentle slope in southern NJ, the combination of subsidence and sea level rise will translate into a potentially
substantial amount of land loss in the coastal region in each 20 year period. This combination will also accelerate the coastal
flooding frequency and the erosion rate of the New Jersey coastal plain, and pose a serious threat to the coastal economy.
Received: 15 December 1997 · Accepted: 30 June 1998 相似文献
17.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment of the SW Trans-Danubian Central Range, Hungary 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
The most important karst water reservoir of Hungary is found in the SW Trans-Danubian Central Range, selected as test area
for the proposed "system approach" and the application of GIS/ARC-INFO to vulnerability mapping. In addition, a case-study
exemplifies the particularities of regional karst-aquifer vulnerability, and moreover the interpretation of data and maps
from the very same point of view. The work has resulted in plotting an atlas to be a useful tool in the hands of land-users
and waste-disposal managers, helping them to prevent groundwater deterioration.
Received: 22 July 1996 · Accepted: 12 September 1997 相似文献
18.
A hydrogeochemical survey was conducted on Pico Island (Azores archipelago) in order to evaluate the groundwater chemistry
patterns and the main mineralization processes. Samples were from cold waters and corresponded mainly to sodium chloride type.
Conductivity measurements were ∼82–9790 μS/cm and suggest the existence of highly mineralized waters. In fact, 18% had a conductivity
>5130 μS/cm and the total dissolved solid (TDS) value for two of the wells was from the brackish water range. The changes
in groundwater composition are because of two main processes: (1) silicate mineral dissolution, especially in a few springs
located at high altitude and (2) water salinization in the coastal area, as a result of saltwater intrusion and sea-salt spraying.
The salinization process corresponds to a binary mixing system, as suggested by the chloride and δ18O data, and explains the sharp concentration increase in major and minor species detected in several wells.
Received: 23 July 1999 · Accepted: 8 December 1999 相似文献
19.
The lower Vamsadhara river basin, spreading over an area of 817 sq.km in northern Andhra Pradesh, represents a typical rural
setting. The occurrence of phosphorus-bearing minerals reported in literature, and the increasing application of phosphatic
fertilizers in the area have prompted these studies. Water samples from 113 wells were analysed for Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, F, NO3 and PO4. The results indicate the presence of phosphate in the groundwater ranged from 0.72 to 7.07 mg/l, which is beyond the limits
recommended for domestic and water treatment purposes. Samples of soils and weathered rocks were analyzed for their water-soluble
phosphate and other chemical parameters. The water-soluble phosphate in the widely used fertilizers of the area was determined.
The spatial variation of phosphate in the aquifer and the soil leachate characteristics supplemented by the chemical equilibrium
calculations clearly indicate the dominance of geological sources over the fertilizer sources in contributing PO4 to the groundwaters.
Received: 4 March 1996 / Accepted: 29 July 1996 相似文献
20.
Portman Bay presents elevated quantities of metals and heavy metals in the sediments and rocky outcrops. The calcitic skeletons
of the sea urchins that live there present elevated concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Pb (249, 273, 32, and 59 ppm) in comparison
with control zones (beach of La Vila) where the concentrations for these elements are 5, 7, 8, and 2 ppm, respectively. Two
species of sea urchins have been studied: Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula. The different compositions between the plates and the spines of their skeletons have also been studied.
Received: 20 November 1995 · Accepted: 25 January 1996 相似文献