海洋CTD仪器校准——方法与探讨

为得到高精度海洋ＣＴＤ测量,应考虑到仪器的几方面校准,温度、电导率和压力传感器应在固定周期（每年３次）内和在每个航次前后进行检测。校准期间测量和记录传感器漂移对修正数据十分重要,可证实传感器工作状况,校准标准本身应与基准相比测,并与其他校准实验室互校,海上校准测试对验证传感器漂移率稳定性也很重要（对电导率传感器尤为重要,当通过大洋表面油层下降时,其校准可明显变化）,如实验室校准及现场测量与单一传感     

CTD电导率实验室校准结果不确定度的分析

文中分析了CTD电导率实验室校准不确定度来源项,按不确定度的评定方法,以实例形式分析评定了CTD电导率实验室校准结果的不确定度。     

CTD温度实验室校准结果不确定度的分析

文章分析了CTD温度实验室校准不确定度来源项,按不确定度的评定方法,以实例形式分析评定了CTD温度实验室校准结果的不确定度。     

国内外CTD校准实验室及校准技术研究的现状和展望

本文在叙述ＣＴＤ剖面仪和传感器校准方法的基础上,介绍了当前国内外ＣＴＤ校准技术研究和校准设备的现状。提出了我国应加强ＣＴＤ传感器动态校准的研究,同时,应研制精度慢温盐水盐力罐,用于在实验室内研究建立ＣＴＤ传感器数学模型的方法。     

海洋压力监测仪器实验室校准结果不确定度的分析

文中总结了海洋压力监测仪器实验室校准的不确定度来源项，结合不确定度的评定方法，以实例阐述了海洋压力监测仪器实验室校准的不确定度的分析评定。     

实验室盐度计校准结果的不确定度分析

文中分析了实验室盐度计校准不确定度来源项,按不确定度的评定方法,以实例形式分析评定了校准结果的不确定度。     

荧光猝灭法溶解氧传感器实验室校准方法研究

针对我国目前缺乏荧光猝灭法光学溶解氧传感器校准方法的现状,以AADI 4330F溶解氧传感器为实验对象,提出了一种适用于所有荧光猝灭法光学溶解氧传感器的实验室校准方法.该方法使用一个能够精确控制水体温度的自制校准装置,通过改变通入容器的氧气和氮气比例来控制容器内的溶解氧含量,在4个温度下分别测定至少10组水体温度值、传感器相位值和Winkler碘量法测定值数据,使用回归分析进行多项式拟合获取传感器校准系数.经过实验室验证,在校准试验温度范围内随机温度和溶解氧浓度下,使用该方法校准后传感器测定值与标准值偏差在±5 μmol/L以内,达到了仪器自身的准确度水平.本方法在校准结果准确度和温度适用范围等方面都明显优于两点校正法,表明该方法具有良好的校准效果和推广应用价值.     

实验室校准重力加速度式波浪浮标波高与波周期测量值的原理和方法

重力加速度式波浪浮标是目前对波浪进行长期定点观测的主要设备之一。文中论述了对重力加速度式波浪浮标波高与波周期测量值进行实验室校准的原理和方法,并举例说明校准程序及结果。带动波浪浮标旋转以模拟波浪的正弦运动的实验室校准装置,原理明确、结构简单、波浪特征值易复现和调整,模拟方式接近海浪理论要求,经实践应用证明其具有良好的计量性能。     

基于空气介质的光学溶解氧传感器便捷校准方法研究

基于荧光猝灭原理的光学溶解氧传感器可获得海水溶解氧时空数据,被广泛应用于海洋环境长期监测,但因其在贮存期间和布放期间会发生"贮存漂移"和"测量漂移",需要进行校准.现有的实验室校准方法周期长、操作复杂.本文研究了光学溶解氧传感器在空气和水体两种不同介质中的响应特性,提出一种利用空气介质的光学溶解氧传感器现场校准方法,并...     

自动气象站数据采集器校准方法

总结了数据采集器校准实践工作的多年经验,给出了自动气象站采集器的校准方法、操作步骤及注意事项。并以使用JJQ1型信号模拟器校准DT50采集器为例,介绍了示值校准方法和流程,同时列举了选用其他型号信号模拟器作为标准器的校准方法,以及校准新型自动气象站数据采集器、校准正在使用中的采集器等的注意事项,并给出了示值误差的计算方法。     

船载CTD仪与自动剖面浮标观测资料质量初探

海洋科学的发展离不开精确的数据,然而各种海洋观测仪器在复杂的海洋环境中作业难免产生测量误差,导致观测数据需要进行实时(或延时)质量控制。中国Argo计划在搭载多个航次布放剖面浮标的同时,对航次中获取的船载CTD(conductivity, temperature, and depth)仪观测资料、自动剖面浮标观测资料以及实验室高精度盐度计测量数据进行了实时比对。分析结果显示,利用实验室高精度盐度计对现场观测数据尤其是船载CTD仪观测资料进行质量控制,于温盐数据(特别是深层)的实时/延时校正非常重要;如某航次未经标定的船载CTD仪所测1000dbar以深范围内海水盐度,与实验室高精度盐度计的差值达到±0.1左右,远远落后于国内海洋调查规范对盐度准确度±0.02的一级测量要求,该具体实例更加突显了船载CTD仪在航次前后送往权威部门进行检测的必要性和重要性,从而确保每个航次获取的CTD资料的质量。建议有条件的情况下,在进行深海大洋船载CTD仪观测时要进行现场实验室高精度盐度计的质量控制工作及比对试验,以提高我国深海大洋观测数据的质量。     

高精度CTD剖面仪研制过程中的专用设备

本文介绍了“油水分离压力罐”的主要理论依据及该设备采用的特殊的机械结构，实践证明，利用该设备实现了在实验室条件下，模拟深海重力场检测CTD剖面仪中的某些关键传感器的目的。     

An improved calibration method for the drift of the conductivity sensor on autonomous CTD profiling floats by θ–S climatology

An improved method to estimate the time-varying drift of measured conductivity from autonomous CTD profiling floats has been developed. This procedure extends previous methods developed by Wong, Johnson and Owens [2003. Delayed-mode calibration of autonomous CTD profiling float salinity data by θ–S climatology. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20, 308–318] and Böhme and Send [2005. Objective analyses of hydrographic data for referencing profiling float salinities in highly variable environments. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 52, 651–664]. It uses climatological salinity interpolated to the float positions and observed θ surfaces and chooses 10 ‘best’ levels that are within well-mixed mode waters or deep homogeneous water masses. A piece-wise linear fit is used to estimate the temporally varying multiplicative adjustment to the float potential conductivities. An objective, statistical method is used to choose the breakpoints in the float time series where there are multiple drift trends. In the previous methods these breakpoints were chosen subjectively by manually splitting the time series into separate segments over which the fits were made. Our statistical procedure reduces the subjectivity by providing an automated way for doing the piece-wise linear fit. Uncertainties in this predicted adjustment are estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation. Examples of this new procedure as applied to two Argo floats are presented.     

Testing of a towed CTD

The results of laboratory and field experiments on a CTD measuring unit attached to a controllable towed body is described. It was verified that the three-dimensional distribution of salinity and temperature could be observed with sufficient accuracy (to 0.03 in salinity and to 0.01°C in temperature if proper correction is adopted) while cruising at up to 4 knots. A double integrated A/D converter is used to compensate for effects of extraneous environmental changes.     

拖曳式CTD测量技术研究

拖曳式CTD剖面仪是国家863支持的项目之一。文章叙述了拖曳式CTD的意义,介绍了拖曳式CTD的现状并与传统CTD剖面仪进行了对比分析。同时,探讨了拖曳式CTD剖面仪存在问题与发展趋势。     

机载投弃式温盐深浮标中的三项关键技术研究

机载投弃式温盐深浮标，是机载投弃式温盐深浮标技术系统中的核心部分，本文在对整个技术系统做一般简要介绍基础上，重点介绍了机载投弃式温盐深浮标中三项关键技术和一项关键工艺的研究结果。     

New generation CTD system [conductivity-temperature-depth sensor]

A microprocessor-based CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) sensor unit is described in which the microprocessor is used to vary the analog-to-digital conversion process to achieve 16-bit resolution at a measurement rate of 500 measurements per second, or 18-bit resolution at 30 measurements per second. Software control of resolution, sampling rate, and sampling sequence permit the sensor unit to be software-configured for a wide variety of missions. Pressure and conductivity sensors are expected to substantially improve the system accuracy. The conductivity cell design has six electrodes which are all relatively remote from the external measurement volume (approximated by a 2-cm diameter sphere). This so called recessed-electrode concept is expected to eliminate calibration drift due to contamination of the electrodes and the insulating surfaces of the cell, thus ensuring excellent long-term stability     

Response functions of the temperature and conductivity sensors of CTD profilers

The effect of the boundary layer of the fluid on the response time of the temperature and electric conductivity sensors of a CTD profiler at its motion in a water medium is discussed. The suggested response functions of these sensors depending on the velocity of the slip differ from those accepted before and agree well with the results of known laboratory experiments.