地震速度资料在北黄海盆地中的应用

概述了北黄海盆地的区域地质背景和速度分析的原理,通过对北黄海盆地速度谱的解释和计算,得到了层速度、平均速度、砂岩百分含量等信息,利用这些速度资料识别多次波、辨别坳陷区和隆起区,进行时深转换、构造分析以及岩性分析,为北黄海盆地地震资料解释、沉积相分析以及资源量计算提供可靠的依据。     

基于磷灰石裂变径迹约束的北黄海盆地热演化研究

热演化历史的研究对于盆地分析和油气勘探具有重要意义.北黄海盆地是中国近海海域油气勘探程度较低的盆地之一,迄今未见专门的热演化研究报道.笔者利用北黄海盆地中生代砂岩的磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果,结合地质条件约束,模拟获得了中生代以来盆地的热演化史.结果表明,北黄海盆地经历了两次增温和两次冷却的热演化过程,并在100-80 Ma时盆地的热历史出现明显变化,表明在晚白垩世北黄海盆地发生过一次较大的构造-热事件.磷灰石裂变径迹分析所表明的北黄海盆地的热历史与盆地原型演化阶段相对应,而这种热历史和盆地的演化过程与区域构造背景相关.磷灰石裂变径迹所揭示的热演化史对于深化认识北黄海盆地的地质演化过程和油气勘探潜力具有重要意义.     

前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度构造地球物理识别技术

为了有效识别前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度含油气构造,深入剖析了低幅度构造圈闭及油藏特征,围绕储层地震预测开展了针对性的地球物理识别技术研究.在南美西北部奥连特-马拉农盆地多个区块进行了储层的岩性、形态、物性及含油气性等方面的预测,形成了一整套基于高精度地球物理资料的低幅度构造和岩性圈闭识别和描述的精细地震解释技术.     

南黄海盆地中部隆起CSDP-2井初步成果及其地质意义

南黄海盆地是新生代、中生代、古生代大型叠合盆地,具有良好的油气资源前景.中部隆起是南黄海盆地的二级构造单元,由于缺乏钻探资料,对中部隆起前新生代地层分布和油气资源前景的认识众说纷纭.因此,在中部隆起上实施科学钻探,探查中-古生代地层属性,对研究南黄海区域地质构造特征和油气地质条件意义重大.针对科学钻探目标,采用区域地质背景指导下的地质、地球物理综合研究的方法,拟定了科学钻探井(CSDP-2井)位置;利用叠前时间偏移成像处理剖面,采用地震相、地震速度分析和储层预测技术,进行了钻前层位预测和油气储层分析.该井由青岛海洋地质研究所负责的"大陆架科学钻探"项目实施,全取芯钻探成果表明,中部隆起上赋存了三叠系-奥陶系海相残余地层,发育中等—好级别的、厚度较大的海相中-古生界烃源岩,在三叠系青龙组、二叠系龙潭组和栖霞组、泥盆系和志留系中获得多层不同级别的油气显示.CSDP-2井的钻探发现,结束了关于中部隆起海相地层属性的争论,坚定了南黄海海相油气勘探的信心,为区域地质研究和油气地质条件分析提供了基础数据.     

南黄海残留盆地宏观分布特征研究

由于前新生代残留盆地具有埋深大、构造复杂的特点,采用综合地球物理研究方法成为圈划残留盆地宏观分布及预测残留盆地油气资源的重要方法技术．本文以南黄海地区为例,以重、磁数据为主体,以钻井、地震等高精度数据为先验信息做约束,采用带约束界面反演方法求取重力基底,同时根据求取的磁性基底计算了中、古生界的残余厚度,给出了前新生界残留盆地宏观分布特征．结合石油地质条件,圈划了油气资源有利区．研究结果表明南黄海北部坳陷北部和东北部中生界残余厚度较大,中部隆起与勿南沙隆起古生界残余厚度巨大,是较好的前新生代油气前景区．     

综合地球物理方法对黄海地区前新生代残留盆地分布的研究

残留盆地由于埋深大、构造复杂等特点,单一的地球物理方法对残留盆地的勘探与解释存在很大的局限性,因此运用综合地质地球物理方法对前新生代残留盆地进行研究,可以充分发挥各种方法的优势,有效地解决油气勘探中的有关问题.本文以黄海地区前新生代残留盆地为研究对象,以"区域控制局部,深层约束浅层"为指导思想,在前人研究的基础上,运用重、磁、地震、钻井和区域地质等资料进行了综合研究,根据研究与计算结果勾绘了黄海地区前新生代残留盆地的宏观构造格架,并分析了残留盆地分布特征.     

苏北—南黄海盆地区域构造特征分析

利用地球物理、地质、钻孔等资料,以苏北－南黄海盆地作为主体,以莫霍面形态、古侵蚀面形态、断裂展布、火成岩发育特征等资料,解剖区域构造,对于油气勘探、天然地震的研究,具有一定的指导意义。     

黄海地质与地球物理特征研究进展

本文介绍了近几年对黄海地质特征、地球物理特征研究所取得的成果，北黄海盆地已发现工业性油流，南黄海北部盆地和中间隆起取得巨大进展，是油气有利勘探区；黄海的断裂带及块体结合带制约着黄海油气藏形成，对其研究对黄海油气勘探研究有着重要指导作用，分析认为对黄海的研究还需进一步加强地质与地球物理手段综合研究。     

南黄海中、古生界地震波场反射特征模拟与采集技术攻关

南黄海中部隆起发育巨厚的中、古生界海相碳酸盐岩地层,油气勘探前景良好,但地震资料品质差,中、古生界地震数据信噪比低导致残留盆地构造落实困难,长期制约南黄海油气资源潜力评价研究.本文首先运用有限差分方法开展南黄海中、古生界海相地层地震波场反射特征模拟分析,认为中部隆起浅层存在强反射屏蔽层、多次波特别发育、深层有效反射能量弱是影响地震成像质量的主要原因.为了从采集环节提高原始数据质量,引进立体震源激发、双检波器接收、宽线采集和海底电缆等新技术,从震源端、接收端和观测系统几方面进行技术优化组合,联合发挥新采集技术的优势,使用立体震源拖缆宽线采集和海底电缆双检宽线采集技术在南黄海中部隆起分别开展采集方法试验,获得的新资料中、古生界地震反射信噪比和分辨率比以往的老资料更高,成像品质更好,表明新技术值得进一步推广应用.     

南黄海海底大地电磁测深试验研究

针对南黄海盆地深层地震地质条件差,地震波受屏蔽,能量严重衰减,在海洋反射地震资料中很难识别反映中-古生界的反射地震波组,不能满足南黄海盆地前第三系油气资源前景评价的需要等问题,于2006年5月,开展了南黄海海域海底大地电磁测深试验,在盆地内五莲斜坡和胶州凹陷区布设了3个海底大地电磁测深点,取得了可靠的海底观测数据.本文详细阐述了海底大地电磁测深与常规大地电磁测深在数据处理方法上的差别,论述了海洋电磁噪声对海底大地电磁场观测的影响,提出了海底大地电磁场实测资料“水平姿态”校正、“方位”校正和“海洋电磁噪声”校正的方法.通过对试验观测资料的处理和反演,并结合地质、物性资料进行综合分析,结果表明在南黄海盆地海底以下深部还存留有古生代地层,这对于南黄海前第三系含油气前景的评价具有重要意义.试验结果也证明了海底大地电磁测深技术在研究古生代残留盆地方面的问题可以发挥相当好的作用.     

地震地质综合解释在辽河油田东部凹陷中段构造解释的应用

地震资料解释一个地区时综合使用地震和地质资料非常重要。作者在辽河油田东部凹陷的构造解释中,首先,利用野外观察到的地质构造现象, 建立地质露头模型;然后根据典型露头照片所示的构造特征对断层进行组合和构造解释;进而结合地震剖面特征分析油气的运移、聚集和成藏特征。通过地震地质综合解释的研究,推断出研究区内的走滑断层为油气的主控因素,走滑断层发育地区为油气富集的有利地带,同时对黄沙坨和欧利坨子油田的构造样式以及和油气之间关系进行了分析和研究。     

The application of seismic-geological integrated interpretation in the eastern depression of the Liaohe oil field

It is very important to comprehensively interpret areal seismic data with geological data in a research area. For the structural interpretations in the middle depression of the eastern basin of Liaohe oilfield, we first analyze and study geological phenomena on outcrop pictures collected in the field and establish geological outcrop models. Second, we make fault and structural interpretations based on the structural characteristics of the outcrop pictures. Third, we analyze the migration, accumulation, and formation of oil and gas using characteristics of seismic profiles. By geologic and geophysical comprehensive interpretation, it is inferred that, in the research area, the dominant factor controlling oil and gas accumulation is strike-slip faults. Structural modes and the relationship of the oil and gas in the Huangshatuo and Oulituozi oil fields are also analyzed and investigated.     

基于地震剖面瞬时峰值能量频率的衰减分析与气藏预测方法

由于流体本身的粘滞性和摩擦性,使得地震波在含油气地层中传播时衰减形成低频阴影.通过对叠后地震资料做时频分解,分析地层衰减特征,是当前除了AVO技术之外,比较流行的直接识别流体和气藏的技术.本文基于波动方程正演,模拟了地震波对含油气地层的响应.然后采用连续小波变换分析不同尺度剖面的瞬时能量特征,提取分频剖面上每一个点的峰值能量对应的频率,得到瞬时峰值能量频率剖面.通过分析瞬时峰值能量频率剖面,分析了地震波在地下介质中传播时的衰减特征.最后应用此方法对实际地震剖面进行了分析,验证了其有效性.     

基于匹配追踪的瞬时能量异常属性在Albertine地堑油气预测中的应用

东非裂谷Albertine地堑是当今世界油气勘探的热点地区之一,具有埋藏浅、演化快、地层新的地质特点。作为主力含油气层段的新生代地层中疏松砂岩异常发育,物性参数差异较大,受控于孔隙度以及孔隙流体的综合影响,含油气储层的地震响应无明显规律,油气预测难度较大。基于能量吸收分析思想的指导,在利用匹配追踪时频分解方法有效提高时频分辨率的前提下,进一步提出瞬时能量异常属性的计算方法。以Albertine地堑的W油田为例,针对含油气储层表现的低频能量增加、高频能量衰减的异常特征,借助瞬时能量异常属性实现了油气预测,预测结果获得了钻井的验证。      

The generation and its sealing condition of natural gas in the Tadong area

Focusing on the two natural gas exploration geological problems with abundant source of oil cracking gas in the late stage and the sealing condition of the oil cracking gas reservoir, the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the evaluation parameters of gas cap rock are adopted to the study on the natural gas accumulation conditions in the Tadong area. Both the study on the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the statistical results of reservoir bitumen reveal that the geological formation of oil cracking gas in the Tadong area is located in the top of Cambrian. Two kinds of oil cracking gas geological models at least, namely well Mandong-1’s early rapid generation model (Middle Ordovician-end Silurian) and peak cracking model (with the natural gas conversion rate >90%), namely well Yingnan-2’s two-stage generation model of oil cracking gas, have been set up. The oil cracking gas of Yingnan-2 in the late stage is very significant in the evaluation of natural gas exploration in the Tadong area. The evaluation results of the cap rock show that the microscopic parameters of cap rock from the lower assemblage of Cambrian-Ordovician are better than those from the upper assemblage. The former has strong capillary sealing ability and higher cap rock breakthrough pressure than the upper assemblage, with strong sealing ability, so that natural gas dissipates mainly by diffusion. According to the above investigations, the lower assemblage Cambrian-Ordovician natural gas of Kongquehe slope, Tadong low uplift and Yingjisu depression in the Tadong area prospects well.

     

The generation and its sealing condition of natural gas in the Tadong area

Focusing on the two natural gas exploration geological problems with abundant source of oil cracking gas in the late stage and the sealing condition of the oil cracking gas reservoir, the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the evaluation parameters of gas cap rock are adopted to the study on the natural gas accumulation conditions in the Tadong area. Both the study on the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the statistical results of reservoir bitumen reveal that the geological formation of oil cracking gas in the Tadong area is located in the top of Cambrian. Two kinds of oil cracking gas geological models at least, namely well Mandong-1’s early rapid generation model (Middle Ordovician-end Silurian) and peak cracking model (with the natural gas conversion rate >90%), namely well Yingnan-2’s two-stage generation model of oil cracking gas, have been set up. The oil cracking gas of Yingnan-2 in the late stage is very significant in the evaluation of natural gas exploration in the Tadong area. The evaluation results of the cap rock show that the microscopic parameters of cap rock from the lower assemblage of Cambrian-Ordovician are better than those from the upper assemblage. The former has strong capillary sealing ability and higher cap rock breakthrough pressure than the upper assemblage, with strong sealing ability, so that natural gas dissipates mainly by diffusion. According to the above investigations, the lower assemblage Cambrian-Ordovician natural gas of Kongquehe slope, Tadong low uplift and Yingjisu depression in the Tadong area prospects well.     

地震资料非高斯信息分析提取方法及油气预测

从讨论实际地震记录高阶累积量分析入手,研究利用高阶累积量计算高阶谱的方法.在分析高阶累积量及高阶谱提取分离具有非高斯分布信号时,详细讨论了产生非高斯分布的地震记录的特征规律.阐明了用地震资料的低频高阶谱预测砂体含油气性的机理.从理论模型和实际资料论证了研究方法的正确性.最后利用该方法计算的高阶谱结果和实际产油气井资料进行符合率验证分析.在此基础上,利用该方法进行有利含油气层预测.     

火成岩气藏储层预测及勘探技术——以松辽盆地长岭断陷为例

本文以松辽盆地长岭断陷达尔罕断凸带火成岩气藏预测为例,从已钻遇火成岩的钻井资料出发,结合钻井地质信息与地震资料,利用地震特殊处理技术识别火成岩.通过分析结果,研究该区的火成岩分布特征及油气成藏规律,建立判断火成岩的地球物理模式.结合本区域地质资料,预测了本区的火成岩分布,总结出适合本区火成岩构造特征的火成岩气藏识别技术,包括火成岩测井识别技术、火成岩地震剖面反射特征识别技术、火成岩地震相识别技术和地震反演技术等来预测火成岩的空间展布规律,了解火成岩与构造的关系.进而识别火成岩圈闭,总结断陷层系油气成藏组合,为在本区寻找火成岩气藏提供系统分析方法.     

多源信息叠合在延吉盆地油气远景预测的应用

基于GIS的多源信息叠合评价方法是以基础地质图件或数据作为信息,将原始地质图件和数据网格化并赋以属性值,通过地质信息分级标准,变换为标准信息图,通过因子分析,确定各参数的权重并建立油气评价模型,用符合地质含义的关系式进行数据与图层、图层与图层之间的叠合、计算,最后通过空间隐含信息的提取,预测出盆地的有利勘探区域.作者采用该方法,对已发现工业油气流的延吉盆地进行了多源信息叠合、计算评价,指出了章岩洞-崇明、延吉市周遍、铜佛寺周遍三大区块为油气勘探有利远景区.     

“Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen”: Shale oil and gas in Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources, with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match. Thus, the basin is an ideal option for fully "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen" with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in China. This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China, and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas composition. US shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas, whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy. A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three aspects. First, there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin, such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale, Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale, Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale, and Jurassic lacustrine shale. Marine shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements: Deep-water shelf facies, moderate thermal evolution, calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association, and closed roof/floor. Second, the "sweet section" is generally characterized by high total organic carbon, high gas content, large porosity, high brittle minerals content, high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural microfractures. Moreover, the "sweet area" is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale, moderate thermal evolution, good preservation conditions, and shallow burial depth, which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Longtan Formation, and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation. Third, the marine, transitional, and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%, 25%, and 30% of the respective types of shale oil and gas geological resources in China, with great potential to become the cradle of the shale oil and gas industrial revolution in China. Following the "Conventional Daqing-Oil"(i.e., the Daqing oilfield in the Songliao Basin) and the "Western Daqing-Oil Gas"(i.e., the Changqing oilfield in the Ordos Basin), the Southwest oil and gas field in the Sichuan Basin is expected to be built into a "Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas" in China.