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根据地球科学热点问题确定前沿问题观点,对卫星定量遥感理论和反演方法存在的几大难题作了质的分析,并指出解决难点之道;同时提出若干前沿问题,特别是指出进一步发展遥感反演内在相互联系的八大基本点。 相似文献
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对低空温度层结进行探测,是借助电子技术进行遥测。使这一工作更准确、可靠、简单易行。本文对这方面的基本方法,仪器原理和一些实践经验进行了介绍和探讨。 相似文献
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前文给出了卫星红外观测资料的反演处理方法,并对方法作了理论上的分析,在本文中,我们将此方法应用到TOVS、GOES-8实际资料及AIRS模拟观测资料处理中并重点对TOVS资料进行试验。在反演中,我们将大气温度廓线和水汽混合比(lnq)廓线用各自的经验正交函数(EOF)表示以提高反演的稳定性并缩短计算时间,同时采用一种过滤操作以加速迭代的收敛速度。除了用本文提出的方法对TOVS资料进行处理外,还用国际TOVS处理软件包(ITPP-4.0)对同样的资料进行反演。试验表明,本文方法的反演结果优于ITPP的结果。AIRS模拟反演结果表明,高分辨率红外垂直探测器的遥感精度能够达到温度1 K、水汽10%。 相似文献
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层结大气中近地层湍流 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对稳定层结大气中近地层湍流的层结订正函数导出了新的形式.据此而对的湍流普遍函数作出了新的规定.根据该方案对近地层湍流特徵作了若干讨论.最后并绘制了计算近地层湍流特性量的图表,藉此可以很方便而准确地由梯度观测直接估各市地近地层湍流状况. 相似文献
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本文用经验正交函数法分析了南京气温垂直分布的统计特征及地面气温对正交展开的影响,提出利用经验正交函数展开法进行大气温度廓线遥感反演的一种改进方法。 相似文献
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本文讨论了地表对微波测温核函数的影响,运用最优化技术,得到了一组基本上与地表特征无关的最优核。运用统计最优反演方法对50组模拟的微波辐射资料进行了反演,并讨论了观测误差对反演精度的影响。 相似文献
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本文讨论了大气微波辐射起伏的机制。推导出利用大气氧气微波辐射起伏统计特征,探测大气温度结构常数分布与风分布的遥感方程。对遥感方程核函数的基本性质进行了讨论。 相似文献
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近十年来,被动微波遥感技术在气象上得到了广泛的应用,它已经成为探测大气温、湿、云、雨等气象要素的一种新的重要手段。美国已经在第三代气象业务卫星上安装了微波探测装置(MSU),与红外遥感技术相配合,以期提高测温精度。与此同时,地面大气微波遥感的研究工作也有了相应的发展,已经成功地测得对流层大气温度分布和低层 相似文献
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Y.-J. Sun J.-F. Wang R.-H. Zhang R. R. Gillies Y. Xue Y.-C. Bo 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2005,80(1):37-48
Summary A new approach to retrieving air temperature from land surface temperature is presented. The new method is based on thermodynamics. Two important parameters, namely crop water stress index and aerodynamic resistance, were used to build a quantitative relationship between the land surface temperature and the ambient air temperature. The method was applied using MODIS satellite data for a location situated in the North China Plain. Comparing the measurement values at meteorological stations with air temperature, derived by the method for certain pixels, indicates that derived values can be obtained within an accuracy of 3°C for more than 80% of data processed. Sensitivity studies also suggest that inaccuracies associated with measurement error in the model variables are also within the 3°C range. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种利用地面高分辨率太阳光谱进行大气成分垂直分布反演时,消除太阳零吸收光谱曲线影响的方法,分析了这一方法的权函数特性,讨论了仪器的光谱分辨率、谱线光谱参量以及成分混合比高度分布特性对其可测量高度、垂直分辨率和误差放大率等信息内容的影响。结果指出:对混合比随高度增加或变化不大的大气成分,利用普通高分辨率光谱仪可给出20—30km高度以下混合比高度分布的信息。若采用外差技术,将光谱分辨率提高到0.001cm~(-1)以上,其最高测量高度可达40km以上。 相似文献
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卫星高光谱大气CO2探测精度验证研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
卫星高光谱大气CO2遥感探测对全球气候变化研究意义重大,卫星CO2反演产品的地基观测验证是获得产品精度评价、发现算法可适用范围和局限性的重要环节,因此地基高光谱CO2的观测验证研究对提高卫星产品定量精度至关重要。本文综述了当前国际上大气CO2探测卫星的研制进展,短波红外大气CO2的反演方法进展,重点阐述了地基高光谱CO2探测技术进展及其对卫星大气CO2的定量探测精度验证方法和技术研究进展,并对该研究领域未来的发展提出展望。 相似文献
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由于高分辨率遥感应用需求增加的牵引,国内外发射了越来越多的光学遥感卫星载荷.然而,随着传感器分辨率的增加,大气对地表信息干扰的问题也越来越突出,光学遥感图像的大气校正问题,因载荷特点和应用需求的改变面临着一些新的挑战,有必要对其进行总结和分析.本文在介绍大气校正现状和原理的基础上,按照光学遥感卫星大气校正输入信息来源不同,把大气校正方法归纳为基于图像和图形处理方法、基于辐射传输计算、基于图像自身信息反演大气参数、基于大气同步校正仪的大气校正4类进行介绍.最后,结合我国高分辨率光学卫星的发展方向,对当前的大气校正应用方案和未来发展进行了讨论和展望. 相似文献
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A new remote sensing method is described to determine the vertical distribution and total content of atmospheric ozone. The method combines surface infrared, satellite infrared and ultraviolet channels. The width of the infrared channels is 0.01 cm-1, less than Lorentz half-width at the earth’s surface, rather than the present width, because these channels can obtain information about variations in the ozone profile below the profile main-peak. The numerical experiments show that the method has a satisfactory precision in determining total ozone content, just about 1 percent error, and vertical distribution from the earth to 65 km space. In addition, some semi-analysis functions for calculating backscattered ultraviolet and a relaxation equation are described in this paper. 相似文献
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Existing simple but theoretically based clear-sky models for longwave down-welling radiation (LDRc) and cloud impact algorithms transforming them to all-sky radiation (LDR) are checked against locally calibrated empirical algorithms. They are evaluated for daylight hours based on measurements in regionally differing climates of Germany. The Prata clear-sky scheme is additionally tested with adjusted coefficients so that LDRc converges against a realistic emissivity for a completely dry atmosphere. This version is characterised by an improved modelled variance. Compared with locally calibrated schemes, bias and root mean square error (RMSE) of the more theoretical clear-sky schemes do not differ significantly and yield even better results at a mountain site. In contrast, the locally calibrated algorithms yield biases up to 9% and an increase in RMSE between 6% and 67%, if applied for other sites. For daylight hours, the cloud impact on LDR can be calculated via the ratio of observed to clear-sky global irradiation (CMFsol). With CMFsol, the Crawford and Duchon scheme reveals the lowest bias and a decrease in RMSE by 22% against the next best performing algorithms. Compared with synoptic cloud observations as input, the bias is reduced by 9 to 28 W m?2 and the scattering of the residuals decreases by 20% to 30%. Based on published results for also non-European sites, it is inferred that the more theoretically based LDRc schemes and cloud impact evaluated via CMFsol are universally applicable and perform at least in the order of magnitude of locally calibrated empirical algorithms. 相似文献