GPS／GLONASS／BDS多模融合伪距单点定位模型精度分析

GNSS伪距单点定位速度快且不存在整周模糊度问题,其原理简单易于编程实现,所以在进行GNSS数据处理时,经常用到该方法。本文以GPS、GLONASS、BDS多模融合为例,简单介绍多模融合存在的坐标统一、时间基准统一问题,再详细介绍多模融合伪距单点定位原理以及解算模型,基于Visual Studio2010平台,编写GPS、GLONASS、BDS多模融合的伪距单点定位及单点测速程序。结合相关算例,对该程序多系统伪距单点定位的精度以及单点测速精度进行分析。      

GPS伪距单点定位程序实现若干问题

GNSS伪距定位原理简单,方法易于实现,进行GNSS数据处理时需要经常涉及.以GPS为例,详细介绍伪距单点定位原理及解算模型,基于Visual C++平台,编写GPS伪距单点定位程序,重点给出了程序实现中的关键点和易于出错之处的详细解决思路.并结合算例计算分析,定位精度在10 m以内,满足导航定位要求,验证了问题解决的正确性和程序设计的合理性.     

基于空间双曲交会的GNSS伪距单点定位算法

针对GNSS卫星导航中的伪距单点定位,提出一种不需要测站坐标近似值的非迭代算法。该算法将GNSS伪距导航定位方程转化为空间双曲定位方程,给出具体的解算步骤,研究了空间双曲定位方程的解(有两解),利用GNSS伪距导航定位的特点可消除多值性,从而实现无初值GNSS伪距单点定位。该算法与Bancroft算法相比,通过星间单差,与测站有关的公共误差项被消去,提高了定位精度;与传统的迭代算法相比,提高了计算效率,而且不需要测站坐标初值。最后通过IGS监测站实测数据对3种算法进行比较,验证了算法的有效性。     

GNSS实时观测数据解码及伪距单点定位性能分析

在进行伪距单点定位时,数据往往采用后处理的方式,传统的精密卫星轨道及钟差产品存在时间延迟的问题,限制了单点定位技术在实时场景的应用.利用数据质量实时分析和评价的方法,开发高精度的GNSS实时数据解码技术,并对定位服务进行性能测试,得到实时伪距单点定位结果.通过实验发现,定位精度达到厘米级.实时解码系统具有可操作性与可行性.加入实时轨道和钟差的改正,伪距单点定位的精度也随之提升.本文通过对实时观测数据流解码,将伪距单点定位和实时观测数据解码模块融合,实现了实时伪距单点定位.     

COMPASS系统的伪距单点定位算法研究

根据COMPASS系统特点,通过对伪距单点定位原理的研究,设计了COMPASS系统伪距单点定位算法,验证了COMPASS系统伪距单点定位的可用性,可为北斗卫星导航定位系统在我国导航定位领域的推广应用和科学研究提供参考。     

多系统融合单点定位先验和验后定权研究

针对多模全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)融合伪距单点定位随机模型难以精确构建的问题,在全球范围内选取了 10个多GNSS实验跟踪网MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)观测站连续7天的观测数据,将四大GNSS系统的观测值分为五类,比较了高度角模型、用户等效测距误差(UERE)模型及验后Helmert方差分量...     

基于GPS/GLONASS组合系统的单点定位研究

介绍了GPS/GLONASS定位系统发展状况,在分析GPS单点定位数学模型的基础上,研究了GPS/GLONASS组合系统伪距单点定位的数学模型,编程实现了GPS/GLONASS组合系统伪距单点定位程序。分别比较GPS单系统、GLONASS单系统与GPS/GLONASS组合系统单天6 h伪距单点定位精度,结果表明,组合系统单点定位精度优于GPS单系统与GLONASS单系统结果。     

BDS/GPS组合单点定位与伪距双差算法分析

文章介绍了BDS/GPS组合系统伪距单点定位与伪距双差的数学模型与算法,讨论了BDS/GPS组合系统的时空基准统一以及伪距双差定权模型的问题。最后为了验证模型与算法的可靠性和可行性,利用安徽理工大学校园内坐标已知的GPS观测点进行数据采集,利用自编程序进行数据处理。结果表明BDS/GPS组合系统伪距双差较伪距单点定位精度有较大的提升,单点定位精度可以达到5m以内,伪距双差可达2m以内。     

组合Baarda数据探测法与ESD检验法探测伪距粗差的新方法

在采用GNSS技术进行卫星导航定位过程中,伪距观测值粗差会污染定位观测模型,造成定位精度下降。本文提出了一种融合Baarda数据探测法和ESD检验法两种方法进行组合探测伪距观测值粗差的新方法,实验证明,该方法可以有效控制伪距粗差的影响,保障伪距单点定位的精度和可靠性。     

安卓智能手机原始GNSS参数的数据类型对伪距观测值和手机钟差的影响分析

安卓智能手机的伪距观测值,需要从Android系统API接口GNSS Clock和GNSS Measurement两个类中定义的原始GNSS参数恢复。其中,和伪距观测值有关的原始GNSS参数如FullBiasNanos通常为long类型,包含19位有效数字。在恢复伪距的过程中,使用double数据类型处理原始GNSS参数,会产生舍入误差,从而导致恢复出的伪距观测值不准确。目前,使用广泛的安卓智能手机原始观测值获取程序是Geo++RINEX Logger软件。实验证明：该软件恢复的伪距观测值,存在舍去2位有效数字的舍入误差。在单点定位结果中,舍入误差导致的伪距误差被手机钟差完全吸收,而位置结果不受影响。     

Estimation and exclusion of multipath range error for robust positioning

In integrated systems for accurate positioning, which consist of GNSS, INS, and other sensors, the GNSS positioning accuracy has a decisive influence on the performance of the entire system and thus is very important. However, GNSS usually exhibits poor positioning results in urban canyon environments due to pseudorange measurement errors caused by multipath creation, which leads to performance degradation of the entire positioning system. For this reason, in order to maintain the accuracy of an integrated positioning system, it is necessary to determine when the GNSS positioning is accurate and which satellites can have their pseudorange measured accurately without multipath errors. Thus, the objective of our work is to detect the multipath errors in the satellite signals and exclude these signals to improve the positioning accuracy of GNSS, especially in an urban canyon environment. One of the previous technologies for tackling this problem is RAIM, which checks the residual of the least square and identifies the suspicious satellites. However, it presumes a Gaussian measurement error that is more common in an open-sky environment than in the urban canyon environment. On the other hand, our proposed method can estimate the size of the pseudorange error directly from the information of altitude positioning error, which is available with an altitude map. This method can estimate even the size of non-Gaussian error due to multipath in the urban canyon environment. Then, the estimated pseudorange error is utilized to weight satellite signals and improve the positioning accuracy. The proposed method was tested with a low-cost GNSS receiver mounted on a test vehicle in a test drive in Nagoya, Japan, which is a typical urban canyon environment. The experimental result shows that the estimated pseudorange error is accurate enough to exclude erroneous satellites and improve the GNSS positioning accuracy.     

智能手机观测值伪距平滑实时定位研究

本文针对智能手机内部天线构造、GNSS接收芯片等因素限制,手机原始观测值易受外部环境影响,观测噪声大,导致定位精度较差的问题,面向大众导航定位需求,以提高手机伪距单点定位精度为目标,在对手机载波观测值周跳探测的基础上,研究对比分析了基于载波、多普勒平滑下的伪距单点定位的性能。试验表明：载波平滑伪距和多普勒平滑伪距都可以有效提高定位精度,但多普勒平滑伪距具有更好的稳定性且定位精度更好,统计显示在东（E）、北（N）、高（U）3个方向的均方根值（RMS）分别提高了52%、62%、60%,平面精度优于1.5 m。     

CNS+GNSS+INS船载高精度实时定位定姿算法改进研究

天文导航(CNS)、卫星导航(GNSS)和惯性导航(INS) 3种系统组合可提供高精度的定位定姿结果。实际工程中因INS长时间误差累积,以及系统硬件传输存在不可忽略的时间延迟,导致INS提供给CNS的预报粗姿态误差较大,恶劣海况下难以保障快速搜星,造成天文导航可靠性下降、姿态测量精度较低的问题。为此,本文提出了一种CNS+GNSS+INS高精度信息融合实时定位定姿框架,引入了等角速度外推措施,有效地解决了惯导信息延迟问题。通过高精度转台模拟恶劣海况下载体大角速度摇摆,验证了本文提出的改进算法的有效性。试验结果表明,该算法架构简单,性能可靠,显著提高了恶劣环境下星敏感器的快速、准确搜星能力,保障了三组合姿态测量的精度和可用性。     

载波/多普勒平滑伪距在Android手机中的定位实现

针对Android手机GNSS伪距定位精度较低的问题,利用手机端观测信息,通过载波相位/多普勒平滑伪距改善手机端伪距观测值的质量,从而达到提高定位精度的效果。首先给出了Android手机GNSS原始观测量的获取方法,然后推导了载波相位平滑伪距和多普勒平滑伪距算法模型,并设计合理有效的试验对算法的精度进行评定。试验结果表明：在手机端静态定位中载波相位和多普勒平滑算法均可提高原始伪距的定位精度,且多普勒平滑算法表现更优;在手机端动态定位中多普勒平滑算法可获得比原始伪距更优的定位精度,但是载波相位平滑算法较原始伪距更差;由于硬件的制约手机端周跳和信号失锁严重,占比超过50%,载波相位在手机端的可用性较低;多普勒平滑算法的最优平滑时间常数小于等于10 s,具有实时动态定位的巨大潜力。     

城市场景智能手机GNSS/MEMS融合车载高精度定位

智能手机凭借其普遍性、便携性和低成本等优势,已成为大众用户导航与位置服务的主流终端载体,其多频多系统GNSS（global navigation satellite system）观测值的开放进一步激发了手机高精度定位的研究。然而,受限于消费级GNSS器件性能,手机卫星观测值呈现出信号衰减严重、伪距噪声大、粗差周跳多等问题;并且受城市复杂环境影响,手机GNSS定位的连续性、可靠性也难以保证。提出一种城市场景手机GNSS/ MEMS（micro-electro mechanical system）融合的车载高精度定位方案。首先,构建了速度约束的GNSS差分定位模型;然后,通过手机内置MEMS与车辆运动约束,在挑战环境下进行GNSS/MEMS融合精密定位。实验结果表明,在开阔和树荫场景下,速度约束方法可达到分米至米级定位精度,相比于常规方法分别提升了35.2%和78.9%;在高架场景下,GNSS/MEMS融合定位的精度和连续性均提升显著;在隧道场景下,MEMS推算位置累积误差约为2.5%。实验结果初步表明,手机GNSS具备开阔环境下的车道级定位能力,手机GNSS/MEMS融合可提升城市复杂环境下车载定位的精度和连续可用性。     

Method for real-time self-calibrating GLONASS code inter-frequency bias and improvements on single point positioning

Utilization of frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) leads to GLONASS pseudorange and carrier phase observations suffering from variable levels inter-frequency bias (IFB). The bias related with carrier phase can be absorbed by ambiguities. However, the unequal code inter-frequency bias (cIFB) will degrade the accuracy of pseudorange observations, which will affect positioning accuracy and convergence of precise point positioning (PPP) when including GLONASS satellites. Based on observations made on un-differenced (UD) ionospheric-free combinations, GLONASS cIFB parameters are estimated as a constant to achieve GLONASS cIFB real-time self-calibration on a single station. A total of 23 stations, with different manufacturing backgrounds, are used to analyze the characteristics of GLONASS cIFB and its relationship with variable receiver hardware. The results show that there is an obvious common trend in cIFBs estimated using broadcast ephemeris for all of the different manufacturers, and there are unequal GLONASS inter-satellite cIFB that match brand manufacture. In addition, a particularly good consistency is found between self-calibrated receiver-dependent GLONASS cIFB and the IFB products of the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). Via a comparative experiment, it is also found that the algorithm of cIFB real-time self-calibration not only corrects receiver-dependent cIFB, but can moreover eliminate satellite-dependent cIFB, providing more stable results and further improving global navigation satellite system (GNSS) point positioning accuracy. The root mean square (RMS) improvements of single GLONASS standard point positioning (SPP) reach up to 54.18 and 53.80% in horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. The study’s GLONASS cIFB self-estimation can realize good self-consistency between cIFB and stations, working to further promote convergence efficiency relative to GPS?+?GLONASS PPP. An average improvement percentage of 19.03% is observed, realizing a near-consistent accuracy with GPS?+?GLONASS fusion PPP.     

3D building model-based pedestrian positioning method using GPS/GLONASS/QZSS and its reliability calculation

The current low-cost global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receiver cannot calculate satisfactory positioning results for pedestrian applications in urban areas with dense buildings due to multipath and non-line-of-sight effects. We develop a rectified positioning method using a basic three-dimensional city building model and ray-tracing simulation to mitigate the signal reflection effects. This proposed method is achieved by implementing a particle filter to distribute possible position candidates. The likelihood of each candidate is evaluated based on the similarity between the pseudorange measurement and simulated pseudorange of the candidate. Finally, the expectation of all the candidates is the rectified positioning of the proposed map method. The proposed method will serve as one sensor of an integrated system in the future. For this purpose, we successfully define a positioning accuracy based on the distribution of the candidates and their pseudorange similarity. The real data are recorded at an urban canyon environment in the Chiyoda district of Tokyo using a commercial grade u-blox GNSS receiver. Both static and dynamic tests were performed. With the aid of GLONASS and QZSS, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve a 4.4-m 1σ positioning error in the tested urban canyon area.     

北斗与GPS组合伪距单点定位精度分析

主要介绍了北斗与G PS组合单点定位时的原理和模型,根据自编程序,利用同济大学TJA站的数据进行计算及分析比较GPS伪距、北斗伪距、北斗/GPS组合伪距单点定位的精度。结果表明：北斗伪距单点定位的精度平面方向上达到3m以内,高程方向优于8 m ,满足普通导航定位的需求。北斗/G PS组合伪距单点定位精度明显优于单系统。在单系统观测条件差时,组合系统可以减少对单一系统的依赖性,而且还可以增强卫星定位的稳定性和可靠性。