整治蓝色海湾 打造港净清湾的沈家门渔港小镇

正舟山市普陀区地处长江三角洲经济区、全国沿海要冲、舟山渔场中心,拥有大小岛屿746.5个,海岸线总长973.5千米,是名副其实的海洋大区,陆地小区。"舟山市蓝色海湾整治行动"项目位于普陀区沈家门港湾,是国家海洋局2016—2017年度(中央)海岛和海域保护资金第二批计划项目,总投资6.2亿元,重点实施"海洋生态环境提升、滨海及海岛生态环境提升、生态环境监测及管理能     

当前人们对马克思主义劳动和劳动价值论的几种曲解

人们在深化对劳动和劳动价值论的研究和认识过程中存在着曲解马克思主义劳动和劳动价值论的几种情况 :认为马克思劳动价值论中的劳动是单指体力劳动 ,认为创造价值的劳动不包括科技劳动 ,认为马克思把管理劳动排除在创造价值的劳动之外 ,认为马克思否认非物质生产领域劳动能创造价值。     

当前人们对马克思主义劳动和劳动价值论的几种曲解

人们在深化对劳动和劳动价值和的研究和认识过程中存在着曲解马克思主义劳动和劳动价值的几种情况；认为马克思劳动价值论中的劳动是单指体力劳动，认为创造价值的劳动不包括科技劳动，认为马克思管理劳动排除在创造价值的劳动之外，认为马克思否认非物质生产领域劳动能创造价值。     

大亚湾华贵栉孔扇贝[Chlamys nobilis(Reeve)]繁殖和生长的初步观察

扇贝是我国的主要海水养殖品种之一。扇贝的闭壳肌干制品俗称“干贝”,是畅销的出口珍品,换汇率高。据国外最新研究报导,扇贝的医药价值更高,其韧带浸出物可治癌病,其卵巢对白血病有较高的疗效。广东省大亚湾的天然华贵栉孔扇贝个体大、生长快、资源比较丰富,是南海区扇贝种类中最有发展前途的养殖对象。为了开发利用大亚湾的扇贝资源及发展扇贝人工养殖,我们于1976年、1979年二次开展了扇贝的人工育苗小型试验,共     

镉、硒胁迫下华贵栉孔扇贝消化腺差异蛋白表达

【目的】应用蛋白组学技术解析镉（Cd）、硒（Se）胁迫对华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）组织中蛋白表达的影响,为扇贝金属蓄积和耐受机制研究提供数据。【方法】将华贵栉孔扇贝置于分别含有Cd、Se、Cd+Se的海水中,采用非标记定量Label-free蛋白组学技术分析对照组和处理组扇贝消化腺的差异表达蛋白（differentially expressed proteins,DEPs）,并对其进行GO富集、KEGG通路富集和蛋白质相互作用网络分析。【结果】CT组的闭壳肌和外套膜中的Cd质量分数显著高于鳃、性腺和消化腺（P <0.05）。除闭壳肌外,在镉、硒、Cd+Se胁迫下扇贝其他组织中的Cd或Se质量分数均显著增加（P <0.05）。Se+Cd胁迫下扇贝闭壳肌、外套膜和消化腺中的Se质量分数显著降低（P <0.05）,说明扇贝中Se和Cd相互拮抗。共鉴定出887个DEPs;与对照组相比,Se组45个上调蛋白、9个下调蛋白,Cd组15个上调蛋白、10个下调蛋白,CdSe组13个上调蛋白、3个下调蛋白。生物信息学分析发现,Cd、Se胁迫的DEPs主要涉及参与细胞...     

氯化钾对西施舌眼点幼虫变态的诱导效果

施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)是一种重要的经济贝类,对其生物学方面的研究(生态分布、形态构造、生活习性、食性、繁殖习性等)[1]已经比较全面,其苗种的生产在福建省、广东省已有一定的规模[2,3],但对诱导其附着变态方面的研究还是一片空白. 国内外研究表明,KCl对多种海产无脊椎动物如诗博加蓑海牛(Phestilla sibogae)、红鲍(Haliotis rufesens)、凤螺(Strombus gigas)、悉尼岩牡蛎(Saccostrea commerialis)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)等幼虫的变态有诱导作用[4～7],且因其价格便宜、毒性小,在贝类苗种生产中逐渐受到重视.笔者探索KCl对其幼虫变态的作用,不仅可为其附着变态方面的研究提供数据,而且可为生产上提高其附着变态率、降低死亡率提供参考.     

城市增长与土地增值的综合理论研究

针对城市增长、土地增值研究上的一些观点,本文将城市增长与土地增值的综合理论研究分为四个步骤:1.研究城市增长的动力,提出向心力、离心力和摩擦力的相互作用理论;以新制度经济学理沦为支撑背景,使这三种力的分析具有坚实的微观经济基础。2.城市增长的理论研究,提出向心力驱动为主的集聚化增长,离心力驱动为主的郊区化增长与向心力、离心力、摩擦力相互作用的网络化增长三大阶段的观点。3.建立城市土地价值与增值的理论,认为土地价值是社会使用价值、经济价值和生态学价值的总和;在土地增值方面,公共增值,特别是土地利用的外部效果导致的土地增值是分析的瓶颈;利用交易费用理论系统分析土地使用的外部效果。 在前述理论基础下,以城市增长与土地增值的经典模型入手,探讨城市增长各阶段的典型土地增值模式,提出城市增长与土地增值的理论。     

基于地理本体的海湾空间数据组织方法——以辽东湾为例

数字海湾的建设,面临着空间数据组织问题。本文在对基于分层和基于地理特征的空间数据组织方式及元数据技术深入分析的基础上,针对海湾多要素、多层次、多资源和多领域的复杂系统,采用地理本体的思想进行海湾的认知表达,并由此提出了基于地理本体的海湾空间数据组织方法。通过对海湾地理本体的建模,建立了更能客观反映海湾地理实体各个层次体系的概念模型,再根据海湾概念和已有的多源空间数据集之间的映射关系,重构地理本体支持下的海湾空间数据库,从而实现海湾多源空间数据的海、滩、陆一体化集成与管理。最后,以辽东湾为例,对该海湾所涉及到的多源空间数据进行了有效的组织。结果表明,利用地理本体的思想对空间数据进行组织管理,可以消除不同领域对信息理解的鸿沟,有利于数据的共享和互操作。     

耕地资源多功能利用及价值提升研究

提升耕地资源价值是加强耕地保护的重要途径,是推进生态文明建设的重要举措。该文从耕地资源多功能利用和价值提升的工程技术途径、管理与政策途径等方面,梳理了国内外相关研究。认为耕地资源价值提升的工程技术亟需集成为土地整治工程技术与景观修复、重建工程技术;耕地资源价值提升的管理方式亟需由单一功能管理向多功能管理转变;耕地资源价值需通过法律政策、宣传教育及市场化途径加以显化,为落实和完善最严格的耕地保护制度提供参考。     

大亚湾华贵栉孔扇贝[Chlamys nobilis（Reeve）]繁殖和生长的初步观察

扇贝是我国的主要海水养殖品种之一。扇贝的闭壳肌干制品俗称“干贝”，是畅销的出口珍品，换汇率高。据国外最新研究报导，扇贝的医药价值更高，其韧带浸出物可治癌病，其卵巢对白血病有较高的疗效。     

日本3.11大地震以后的社会秩序——论“自肃”意识的社会功能

日本3.11大地震以后社会秩序井然,之所以如此,在于日本长期对国民的公民意识培养和日本传统文化中"自肃"作用。"自肃"传统源于日本稻作农业。通过日本灾区田野调查发现,"自肃"虽然有其消极的方面,但对维护良好社会秩序的积极作用是不可低估的。     

研发自动称样装置在化探样品分析测试中的必要性及作用

在化探样品分析测试中,称取样品是工作量和劳动强度较大的、单一的、重复性工作。目前在实验室称取样品采用人工手动方式,存在样品交叉污染、准确度难以及时验证、出错率高、劳动力成本高和劳动强度大等问题。笔者从技术方法和质量管理、劳动力成本管理、研发的预期产值和预期回报以及社会效益等方面,通过对国内实验室样品称取现状的调查分析,论述了研发并使用自动定量称样装置在化探样品分析测试中的必要性,以及实现分析测试全流程自动化,提升行业整体科技进步的重要意义。     

浙江省森林生态服务价值估算及其逐月变异分析

森林生态服务价值的研究对构建绿色GDP核算体系、制定生态补偿标准、提高人类环境保护意识等有十分重要的意义。本文首先以卫星影像、地理空间数据、站点记录等资料,结合GIS、RS技术,估算了浙江省森林生态系统2010年的NPP、蒸散量、土壤保持量等;然后,采用能量替代法、机会成本法、影子工程法等估算了浙江省森林2010年的固碳释氧价值、有机物生产价值、水源涵养价值、营养物循环价值、水土保持价值;最后,对各种生态服务价值的逐月变异规律进行分析。结果表明：浙江省森林2010年的5种生态服务价值呈现明显的逐月变异规律;固碳释氧价值、有机物生产价值、营养物质循环价值、水土保持价值的逐月变异规律,均可用开口向下抛物线拟合;水源涵养价值的逐月变异规律,可用开口向上抛物线拟合。     

Spatio-Temporal Impact of Rural Livelihood Capital on Labor Migration in Panxi,Southwestern Mountainous Region of China

Labor migration to urban centers is a common phenomenon in the Panxi region of the southwestern mountainous region of China, mainly owing to inadequate livelihood capital in rural areas. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between labor migration and its causes, such as individual and family characteristics, but few studies have focused on livelihood capital. This paper examines the impact factors on labor migration employment location selection and duration from a household livelihood capital perspective. A case study of 279 households from 10 villages in the area was carried out in February 2016. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. On the basis of the 279 questionnaires, the proportion of households with non-labor migration is 48.4%, whereas households with labor migration within a local city and migration across regions account for 28.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Social, financial, and human capitals are the primary factors that influence migrants’ employment location choice positively. Among them, social capital has a significant impact on both migration within a local city and across regions; each of the regression coefficients is 1.111 and 1.183. Social, human, and financial capitals also have a positive impact on the duration of labor migration, and similarly, social capital is the highest coefficient with 2.489. However, physical capital only partly impacts labor migration across regions, whereas the impact of labor migration within a local city, and the duration, are not significant. Furthermore, the impact of household natural capital on migration space and time are all negative relationships, especially for labor migration across the regions and duration, with coefficient scores of 4.836 and 3.450, respectively. That is to say, a laborer is inclined to migrate within a local city for a short term, or not migrate at all, if natural capital is abundant. Our analysis results show that household livelihood capital has a strong spatio-temporal impact on labor migration.     

Industrial transformation of Shenyang city

Industrial transformation represents a unique economic phenomenon in China‘s regional economy,and old industrial city reconstruction has long been a key problem that affects state security. As a typical old indus-trial city in China, Shenyang established its heavy industrial city position in the First Five-year Plan period (1953-1957), and this industrial structure has been consolidated for a long time. After 1978, Shenyang began its long last-ing industrial reconstruction in an all-round way by 3 main initiatives including restructuring economic system, up-grading traditional industrial technology and developing high-tech industry. In the end of the 1990s, it could be i-dentified that remarkable structural changes took place in city economy at large as well as individual industrial sec-tor. According to the GDP proportion change, Shenyang is on the way to a high level industrial structure. The sec-ondary industry also engendered significant shifting as smelting and textile industry declined sharply but IT industry increased largely. Although the ratio of the heavy industry to the light industry changed periodically, the heavy in-dustrial output value most time kept a high proportion over 60% of the gross industrial output value in the past five decades. Shenyang has favorable conditions for developing equipment manufacturing industry, but it should carry out the program by establishing its leading role in urban economy plan, building “Theme Industrial Parks“, improv-ing Tiexi Industrial Zone, removing any kind of system barrier, enlarging private and other ownerships economy and improving technology, marketing and management by IT application. In response to economy globalization,Shenyang needs to expand the cooperation worldwide and improve the cohesion with surrounding cities.     

The difference of economic function and the trends of industrial development in central cities along the Xijiang River

TheXijiangRiveristhemainwaterwayacrosseastandwestinSouthernChina.ItsmaincoursebacksontothewestofGuangdongandthesouthwestofChina,withitsexitthroughHongKong,MacaoandSoutheasternAsia.Ithasawidehinterlandandconvenientwatertransportation.AlongtheXijiangRiver,thecentralcitiesarethecities,whichspreadalongtheXijiangRiver'smaincourse,theZhujiangRiver'sdeltaandoutlet,andBosehasbeenselectedasarepresentativecityintheupperreachesoftheXijiangRiver.Theytotal12cities,includingGuangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuh…     

基于内存数据库Redis的轻量级矢量地理数据组织

矢量地理数据的高效组织管理是空间数据应用的关键问题之一。矢量地理数据服务作为一种重要的公众空间信息服务,已经得到广泛应用。公众对矢量地理数据服务性能提出了越来越高的要求,包括实时响应、高并发、高吞吐量等。当前的矢量地理数据服务后台数据存储组织,通常基于磁盘和关系数据库,其在面对公众日益增长的需求时已经显得力不从心。本文提出了一种以内存数据库Redis的轻量级矢量地理组织方法,能在高并发情况下有效提高矢量地理数据服务性能。论文首先分析了Redis的存储机制,设计了矢量地理数据库的分层组织模型,利用Redis丰富的数据结构对矢量地理数据及其相关元数据进行存储管理,然后,以网格索引为例,设计了Redis的空间索引,最后,设计Redis的矢量数据引擎原型系统,并进行了实验验证。结果表明,Redis的矢量地理数据库显著提高了响应速度,且并发性能更好,可广泛应用于大型空间数据库前端高速缓存和高性能空间索引库。     

Livelihood Diversification of Farm Households and Its Impact on Cultivated Land Utilization in Agro-pastoral Ecologically-vulnerable Areas in the Northern China

The relationship between livelihood diversification of farm households and cultivated land utilization has become a core research topic related to global environmental change. Agro-pastoral ecologically-vulnerable areas face challenges such as insufficient ecosystem conservation, low agricultural production, and weak economies. In this study, 215 farm households from Zhengxiangbai Banner, Taibus Banner, and Duolun County of Inner Mongolia were surveyed. The sustainable livelihoods framework of the United Kingdom(UK) Department for International Development(DFID) was used to measure the livelihood capital of these farm households. A one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was applied to examine the differences in the livelihood capital of different types households, and a correlation analysis was applied to analyze its impact on cultivated land utilization. Results showed that households with non-farming activities accounted for 64.7% of the total surveyed households, and non-farming employment was becoming more prevalent. Physical and financial capital was the driving factors for livelihood diversity. Each livelihood capital had key factors that affected household farmland use behaviors, such as the age of householder, the labor ratio, proportion of income, farmland scale, number of machines, and these had a significantly positive or negative influence on farmland use. Full-time farming households were more likely to transfer the land into cultivation and invest more labor, while non-farming households with high income were likely to transfer farmland out and invest more money to develop efficient farming or improve the employment skills. The results of this study suggest that policymakers need to fully consider livelihood changes of local households. It is effective to strengthen labor training, create farmland market and improve the efficiency of farmland utilization. We hope to achieve a win-win scenario to improve local economies and ecosystem conservation.     

Evaluating value of natural landscapes in China

Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method(TCM) and the contingent valuation method(CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China′s natural landscape was 9.75 × 10~(11) U.S. dollars(USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.