砂土卵石地层高频冲击直推半合管取样工艺应用研究

地层的取样质量决定了污染场地调查的准确性,获取无污染、无扰动、结构完整且取心率要达到一定要求的样品对于环境取样具有十分重要的意义。砂土卵石地层软硬交错、结构松散,造成取样率低、样品结构易破坏、钻进取样效率低等问题。本文采用高频冲击直推钻机,配合半合管取样钻具,以乌海市重点行业企业某化工园区的污染详查工作为例,介绍了高频冲击直推半合管取样工艺及其应用效果。该工艺在砂土卵石地层中岩心采取率达85%以上,样品原状性好,为后期该类地层的钻探取样提供了可靠的参考依据。     

地方病区地下水监测井建造及取样技术

为了查明地方病区地下水的形成条件、赋存规律、补径排特征和地下水化学特征需要建造监测井,采取地下水样品。本文就监测井的建造材料和成井工艺及取样技术做出论述,提出在地方病区最好选用PVC-U井管、携砾滤水管,建造分层止水、分层取样的监测井,辅以地下水定深取样和双帕克分层采样系统,采集有代表性的地下水样品。     

五层巢式监测井成井工艺与材料研究

针对我国地下水监测现状和存在的技术问题,开展了对50 mm巢式监测井PVC-U井管的建井生产试验并组织实施了一眼五层巢式地下水监测井。介绍了该井整体的结构设计、PVC-U井管、新型止水粘土球、扶正器和成井关键工艺以及最终取得的成果。可为以后的多层巢式地下水监测井建设提供参考,并为我国地下水多层监测井技术的发展提供支撑。     

Geoprobe直推钻机在城市水土环境地质调查中的应用

为进一步查明某大型废弃工矿场地水土环境影响范围和程度,对其影响区进行详细的水土环境质量综合调查,基本查明“起步区”范围内土壤和地下水所受污染状况,进行风险评价并提出土地使用的初步对策与建议。设计水土环境取样钻孔386个,钻探工作量4180 m,要求定位采集土壤和地下水原状样品,以判定地层结构、含水层结构、岩土体力学等关键参数以及场地内土壤的垂向污染特征、污染深度和地下水坏境质量现状。为保证工程质量,采用了美国Geoprobe Systems(地探系统公司) Kejr分公司的Geoprobe系列直推钻机,采用静压或锤击不提钻取土法无水钻进、静压或锤击提钻取土法无水钻进和静压或锤击提钻临时取水钻进方法,有效解决了砂土层液化和钻孔涌砂而造成的取样量不足和样品扰动、污染等问题。本文对其设备、钻具、工艺方法及应用进行了介绍、分析。     

ESD-70型环保取样钻机的研制

随着工业经济的发展,给人们带来生活的便利及物质享受,但同时也不可避免地带来了一些环境问题,土壤、水、空气污染,这给人们的生活及生存带来了危害。为了取样检测土壤的污染程度及为后面的治理提供科学的依据,研发了集取样及治理一体化的ESD-70型环保取样钻机。该钻机采用液压油缸加压和提升,比传统链条等方式更稳定;可实现多角度倾斜作业,开合式操纵柜,无线遥控电液控制;整体结构紧凑,橡胶履带式自动行走,动力头冲击力强,可以满足0~30 m深度的土壤取样工程需求。钻机直推式钻进取样,为双层管取样,样品直接到达内部样品管,可有效保持土壤原状性。本钻机还可用于简单的土壤旋喷治理,一机多用。本机操作简单,安全性高,性能稳定,效率高,可以大幅降低土壤取样人员的劳动强度。     

直接推进在场地污染调查中的应用研究

直接推进取样技术按照监测要求,可以在同一孔内迅速准确地采取地下水水样、土层土样和土层气体样品。直接推进取样完成后,还可以在孔内安装井管和过滤管,成为永久性的监测井。该项技术可以为查明潜在的污染工厂、废水土地处理场和垃圾填埋场的地下水是否受到污染以及污染的扩展情况提供分析样品。该项技术施工成本低,可获取高质量的监测资料,为控制和治理地下水污染提供科学依据。我们结合地质调查项目对直接推进取样技术进行了试验研究,取得了一些认识。     

直推钻探技术在污染场地调查中的应用现状研究

钻探技术是污染场地调查中唯一可直接获取地层样品的科学手段。其中直推钻探技术具有无冲洗介质、机动灵活、推进速度快、样品干扰小等优点。本文在已有国内外研究基础上,对比分析了西班牙TEC15和美国7822DT两类直推钻机的结构、推进工艺特点,后者具有较高静推进力和起拔力;研究了单管和双管两种直推钻具的结构组成和取样过程,并指出由于单管内设PVC取样套管,可有效保持土样的完整性,效率较高;分析了核磁共振(NMR)、土体水力测试(HPT)、膜界面探测(MIP)的技术原理和设备组成,MIP对污染物三维浓度探测具有更大技术优势;分析了国内直推钻探技术与设备的发展状况,并结合我国污染场地的地质条件和研究现状,指出能够实现精准控制的推进钻探和原位检测一体化装备和技术验证是主要的发展趋势。     

一种新型浅层井CO2监测系统的研发

碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）能够有效降低传统能源产业CO2排放量,缓解气候变化。地层中CO2泄漏,作为潜在风险之一,可能改变浅层地下水水质,影响地表动植物生长,甚至危及周围人群安全。为监测CO2是否泄漏至地表并评估泄漏对浅层地下水的影响,进行浅层地下水连续取样十分必要,为此开发了一种新型浅层井CO2监测系统。详细介绍了该系统的构成、工作原理、技术难点应对措施和操作步骤。该系统基于U形管原理：渗入井筒的地下水通过单向阀进入U形管内,而后采用氮气对U形管的一端加压,U形管的另一端得到样品。该系统能连续对地下不同层位（层位数根据实际需求确定）进行取样,为封存现场环境风险预警系统提供组成数据。     

CMT技术在地下水多层监测中的应用研究

随着地下水监测技术的不断完善和发展,单孔多层监测井技术广泛应用于地下水监测工作。CMT监测井就是其中的一种,该技术采用了新型成井结构方式,能够实现单井监测多层地下水,分层采集水样进行水质分析,有一井替代多井监测的特点,能够降低建井及监测成本,提高监测效率。利用CMT多层监测技术,在黑河中游进行地下水多层监测,根据实际监测数据进行水文地质分析,验证了CMT技术在地下水多层监测中的实用性和有效性。     

Geoprobe直推式土壤钻机在涌砂层中的应用

本文介绍了Geoprobe7822DT、Geoprobe 8040DT、Geoprobe 3230DT三种型号直推式土壤钻机的结构、主要特点和应用情况,并与其他类型功能相近的取样钻机的使用效果进行了对比,分析了Geoprobe直推式土壤钻机在涌砂层钻进中存在护壁功能不足、整体稳定性较差、钻杆易损等主要问题,并对直推式土壤钻机后续的改进和使用提出了建议。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861