基于锂离子电池储能技术的便携式钻机研制与应用

锂离子电池作为现代文明中重要的能量载体被广泛且大量地使用。浅层钻探是一种重要的浅表层调查取样手段,将锂离子电池储能技术应用于便携式钻机的研发,可解决山区、林草区等特殊地貌区防火期内调查取样的难题,实现浅钻调查零碳排,助力绿色勘查发展;本文重点介绍了锂电池电动钻机的技术参数、特点及试验情况,该机型具有体积小、质量轻、无噪音、无污染,主要钻进参数可显示、可调控,钻进数据可采集、可存储等特点,锂离子电池储能技术在便携式钻机中的应用为浅钻装备数字化、信息化和智能化发展奠定了基础。     

便携式全液压钻机在工程勘察中的应用

钻机是地质勘查工作中获取岩心的必要装备。在绿色勘查的时代要求下,具有轻量化、小型化、模块化等特点的便携式钻机,因能适应更加艰险复杂的环境条件而格外受到勘察单位的青睐,现已在工程勘察钻探施工中逐渐推广应用。通过分析工程勘察对钻探设备的需求、便携式全液压钻机特点,总结了不同类型钻孔所需设备及其优势、配套器具及孔内事故处理工具的应用情况。介绍了一种新的孔内事故处理工具。介绍了多个在不同环境条件下,由便携式全液压钻机完成的典型钻孔。通过应用实践,分析总结了现有设备不足及其在智能化、钻进能力提升、配套器具应用等方面的发展方向。提出便携式全液压钻机是实施绿色工程勘察钻探的必要装备,同时需要精心组织和进一步配套先进技术,才能更高效地服务于地质勘探。     

便携式钻机在水泥灰岩矿勘查中的应用

便携式钻机已广泛应用于地质与工程勘查中,为了进一步扩大便携式钻机的应用范围,倡导绿色勘查,在湖南省东安县王师岭矿区水泥灰岩矿勘查中,采用ZY-25型便携式钻机以钻代槽进行地表取样,取得了较好的效果。应用实践表明,当矿区构造简单,岩层产状较平缓且稳定,矿体厚度较大,矿石有用组分含量较高且分布均匀,有害组分含量较低时,采用便携式钻机取样代替槽探取样评价矿床是可行的。     

便携式模块化钻机在绿色地质勘查工作中的应用实践

以绿色地质勘查工作要求为基础,介绍了便携式模块化钻机的钻进工艺特点和应用优势。结合多种地质条件的30个钻孔对钻机应用效果进行了分析研究,探索出了“便携式模块化钻机+高效碎岩薄壁钻头+环保冲洗液”的钻探技术方法,提升了钻探工程质量和效率,降低了工程活动对自然环境的不良影响,获得了较好的社会和经济效益。同时,探索了工程活动中环境保护与治理措施,探讨了关于绿色勘查工作的管理问题。最后,对钻机下一步广泛应用提出了建议,为持续推进绿色地质勘查工作起到了较好的指导意义。     

微型高频双层振动筛在绿色勘查钻探中的应用

绿色勘查钻探施工广泛采用便携式全液压钻机,受便携钻机泥浆工艺、占地面积的影响,没有配套的泥浆净化设备,施工中存在浪费水资源、废弃泥浆没有环保处理的问题。综合分析各种泥浆净化方法,提出使用微型高频双层圆形振动筛净化泥浆的方案,效果较好,经济实用,符合绿色勘查要求。     

CBQ-30A型轻便取样钻机的研制与应用

为解决特殊浅覆盖地层取样难题,有针对性地研制了CBQ30A型轻便取样钻机。介绍了CBQ30A型轻便取样钻机的各主要模块结构：轻巧型动力机、闸块式离合器、自主专利换挡机构、简化式水龙头和便拆式传动机构。该款钻机已通过多地生产性验证,基本满足了绿色勘查的需求,对浅层取样钻探技术推广有较好的促进作用。     

地表基质钻探取样技术方法与应用研究

地表基质取样是开展地表基质层调查必不可少的工作环节,笔者等在浅地表层钻探技术的基础上,结合浅覆盖区矿产勘查、地球化学勘查、区域地质填图、环境调查、工程勘查、考古调查等领域钻探技术应用现状,根据不同地表景观及基质类型条件下的钻探取样需求,梳理了岩石、砾质、土质、泥质等地表基质钻探取样技术要点,研发了电动背包式钻机、Ф60/40mm单管冲击钻进、Ф50mm双管冲击钻进、Ф208mm中空螺旋钻进等取样器具及配套钻进工艺,在北京、内蒙古巴彦淖尔、浙江宁波、西藏那曲等地区开展了野外试验应用,通过获取满足要求的样品,很好的揭示了地层信息及物质组成,进一步在实践中提出了不同种类地表基质钻探取样技术方法,为建立自然资源调查监测体系及地表基质层调查工作提供钻探技术支撑。     

地表基质钻探取样技术方法与应用研究

地表基质取样是开展地表基质层调查必不可少的工作环节,笔者等在浅地表层钻探技术的基础上,结合浅覆盖区矿产勘查、地球化学勘查、区域地质填图、环境调查、工程勘查、考古调查等领域钻探技术应用现状,根据不同地表景观及基质类型条件下的钻探取样需求,梳理了岩石、砾质、土质、泥质等地表基质钻探取样技术要点,研发了电动背包式钻机、Ф60/40mm单管冲击钻进、Ф50mm双管冲击钻进、Ф208mm中空螺旋钻进等取样器具及配套钻进工艺,在北京、内蒙古巴彦淖尔、浙江宁波、西藏那曲等地区开展了野外试验应用,通过获取满足要求的样品,很好的揭示了地层信息及物质组成,进一步在实践中提出了不同种类地表基质钻探取样技术方法,为建立自然资源调查监测体系及地表基质层调查工作提供钻探技术支撑。     

TGQ背包式取样钻机的研制

目前在普查踏勘阶段,地质工作者要求随时随地取样,迫切地需要迁移便捷、快速钻进、高效高质的便携式取样钻机。本文介绍了研制的TGQ背包式取样钻机的参数、特点及试验情况。该钻机体积小、质量轻、结构设计合理,具有高、低两挡转速,可以实现金刚石钻进、螺旋钻进工艺,可以进行斜孔钻进取心,可以解决复杂地层的取样问题。钻具采用高强度的材料,钻杆采用插装式快速连接结构,提高了加减钻杆的效率。钻机的研制打破了国外背包式轻便钻机对我国市场的垄断。     

砂土卵石地层高频冲击直推半合管取样工艺应用研究

地层的取样质量决定了污染场地调查的准确性,获取无污染、无扰动、结构完整且取心率要达到一定要求的样品对于环境取样具有十分重要的意义。砂土卵石地层软硬交错、结构松散,造成取样率低、样品结构易破坏、钻进取样效率低等问题。本文采用高频冲击直推钻机,配合半合管取样钻具,以乌海市重点行业企业某化工园区的污染详查工作为例,介绍了高频冲击直推半合管取样工艺及其应用效果。该工艺在砂土卵石地层中岩心采取率达85%以上,样品原状性好,为后期该类地层的钻探取样提供了可靠的参考依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861