招掖金矿带主要花岗岩特征及其关系

本文主要从矿物学、岩石学、地球化学等方面,对招掖金矿带三类主要花岗岩进行了研究,认为该三类壳源重熔型花岗岩是由相对独立的两种岩浆所形成,其生成顺序为:玲珑花岗岩→滦家河花岗岩→郭家岭花岗岩.     

山东招掖地区花岗质岩体形成条件及成因研究

山东招掖地区是我国黄金主要产地之一,而金矿的形成又与该地区花岗质岩体成因密切相关.通过对岩体分布特征的观察,岩体中锆石特征及其中的熔融、包裹体研究和岩石的重熔实验研究认为,本区与金矿形成密切相关的三大类型岩体:玲珑花岗岩、郭家岭花岗闪长岩和滦家河花岗岩,为来自深部的热流体交代-熔融胶东群变质岩,在不同阶段形成的产物.     

胶东招掖地区滦家河花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义

滦家河花岗岩体是胶东金矿区内的重要岩体,其岩性主要为中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩。锆石LA—ICP—MS U—Pb年代学研究表明,滦家河花岗岩形成于149±2 Ma,属晚侏罗世。滦家河花岗岩Si O2的含量为64.58%~72.05%,相对较高;A/CNK值为0.98~1.22。微量元素特征显示,滦家河花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、K,强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti、P;稀土元素特征显示轻稀土强烈富集,重稀土极度亏损,轻微正铕异常。岩石的Nb/La和Nd/Th比值显示壳源花岗岩的特征,Rb/Sr比值暗示可能有部分幔源物质混入。结合区域地质分析认为,侏罗纪开始,太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲引发大规模幔源岩浆底侵,导致地壳物质部分熔融形成滦家河花岗岩。     

胶东地区与金矿成矿有关的花岗岩体中的流体包裹体研究

与胶东金矿有密切关系的玲珑片麻状花岗岩、栾家河二长花岗岩、郭家岭花岗闪长岩、上庄二长花岗岩4种类型花岗岩中矿物包裹体的发育程度、类型、大小及其特点, 以及包裹体的显微测温结果, 反映出玲珑岩体是经历了高级区域变质作用形成的重熔型花岗岩, 郭家岭岩体是由高温、高粘度岩浆结晶成岩的。栾家河岩体是由一种富CO₂的高温、高粘度的岩浆中结晶演化而来, 岩体的侵入深度也较浅。上庄岩体形成温度压力较低。      

胶北地块与金成矿有关的郭家岭岩体和上庄岩体年代学及地球化学研究

胶东半岛是我国最主要的原生金矿矿集区,金矿的主要控矿围岩是郭家岭花岗岩,通过研究郭家岭花岗岩的地球化学特征对研究金矿的成因和物质来源具有指示性意义。本文研究的两个花岗岩岩体为上庄岩体和郭家岭岩体,两岩体同属郭家岭型花岗岩。通过对两岩体的花岗岩样进行岩相学矿相学观察、全岩主、微量元素和U-Pb同位素分析,获得胶东半岛中生代岩浆岩的成因机制与源区性质及自然金的产出形式等科学信息。LAICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄得出郭家岭岩体年龄125.4±2.2 Ma,上庄岩体U-Pb年龄128.8±2.0 Ma,都为中生代早白垩世,两岩体年龄相差3Ma,在年龄误差范围来看可以把两岩体作为同一期岩体,也在年龄角度证实两岩体都同属郭家岭花岗岩。两岩体的锆石组成都含有太古宙和晚侏罗纪的继承锆石,指示两岩体的成岩物质来源具相似性,都包含太古宙岩石成分和晚侏罗世花岗岩成分。两岩体具有相似的稀土元素和微量元素分配模式,表现出明显的LREE富集和HREE极度亏损,没有明显的铕负异常。郭家岭岩体和上庄岩体花岗岩都具有类似埃达克岩的特征,都具有高的Sr含量(913×10-6~1325×10-6),低的Y含量(2.2×10-6~8.4×10-6)和Yb含量(0.21×10-6~0.68×10-6),较高的(Dy/Yb)N比值1.62~2.28,暗示花岗岩岩浆形成时石榴石是一个重要的残留相,而没有斜长石作为残留相。两岩体具有较低的MgO、Cr、Ni含量和Mg#,反映郭家岭型花岗岩岩浆的形成可能是岛弧环境榴辉岩相压力条件下洋壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融。     

胶东招掖矿集区巨量金质来源和流体成矿效应

胶东招掖大型金矿集中区的形成是一个多期次、多来源的复杂过程.胶东群正变质岩的原岩——太古代拉斑玄武岩为初始矿源岩;太古代-元古代胶东群、荆山群和粉子山群变质岩为中间矿源岩;中生代剪切重熔岩浆岩——玲珑型花岗岩和郭家岭型花岗岩是成矿物质的主要直接提供者;郭家岭型花岗岩还起到"热机"作用;而蓬莱群及滦家河型花岗岩提供成矿物质的可能性较小.金的成矿作用是在古老地幔分异出的太古代拉斑玄武岩基础上,经韧性剪切→区域变质→岩浆重熔等构造热动力作用逐步富集的过程.岩浆侵入后,形成以岩体为中心的凸形热场,是流体成矿作用的主要动力之一.成矿流体的流速可以促进混合热液的生长,剪切破碎带是强烈输运-反应耦合成矿的有利场所.地幔富C-H-O流体、中-下部地壳富硅流体、浅-表部富硫流体3个层次流体相互沟通、混合,导致流体循环持续时间增长,萃取围岩有用元素增多,成矿元素丰度升高,并最终形成胶东招掖金矿集中区.     

胶东玲珑金矿田岩浆核杂岩隆起—拆离带构造成矿特征

玲珑金矿田位于胶东地区玲珑岩浆核杂岩体东部,该杂岩体是由焦家断裂带和招远-平度断裂带所围限的具有复杂成因、多种来源和不同岩浆演化序列的一套岩体组合。在矿田内,该杂岩体的内核由玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩和郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩组成;上覆盖层为栾家河型中粗粒二长花岗岩及少量太古宙变质岩;拆离带构造位于玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩体和栾家河型中粗粒二长花岗岩体的接触带,是递进变形改造形成的破头青断裂带。破头青拆离带为上陡下缓的铲式断裂,转折端深度为-300～-500 m,拆离带往北东方向的转折端深度逐渐加深。为了解玲珑金矿田岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带构造演化与成矿特征,对花岗岩成岩构造及后期脆韧性变形特征的观测结果显示,断裂构造由成矿前期的挤压剪切转变为成矿期的伸展拆离,韧脆性变形阶段均经历了多次应力转折。区内郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩成岩年龄(130～125 Ma)与拆离带塑性变形阶段(137～123 Ma)在时间上具有一致性,拆离带脆性变形阶段(123～108 Ma)与矿田大规模成矿事件(125.8～105 Ma)的时间基本一致,显示了玲珑金矿田的成矿与郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩的隆起构造形成过...     

胶东地区燕山期岩浆活动及其构造环境——来自单颗锆石SHRIMP年代学的记录

山东胶东地区中生代构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用密切相关,其主要构造-岩浆事件包括:1220~200 Ma,扬子板块相对华北板块的南北向碰撞形成苏鲁高压-超高压变质带及同造山花岗岩与造山后高碱正长岩,属于典型的幔源型花岗岩系列;2 165~150 Ma,晚侏罗世时期形成与金矿有关的玲珑(昆嵛山)造山早期片麻状二长花岗岩组合,为过铝质花岗岩类,属胶东基底岩系的部分重熔产物。3 135~110 Ma,由壳幔混合岩浆结晶分异形成郭家岭花岗岩和伟德山花岗闪长岩。燕山期是胶东地区岩浆活动的鼎盛时期,表现为四次强烈的构造-岩浆事件,代表了燕山造山事件四个构造幕,并以挤压与伸展相互转化为特征。研究表明胶东地区中生代花岗岩具有继承性和再生性特点,采自郭家岭花岗闪长岩中的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年代学测定结果表明:锆石由核部到边部年龄值分别为2573~2194Ma、164.8~147.8和126.6~126.2Ma,显示了胶东结晶基底、玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩形成的年代学信息,揭示了它们之间复杂的继承性和再生性,即新太古代胶东岩群、TTG岩系和古元古代荆山群、粉子山群等胶东基底岩系交代重熔形成S型玲珑花岗岩,由壳幔混合岩浆形成的郭家岭花岗岩在形成与侵位过程中重熔交代了部分玲珑花岗岩物质并侵位于玲珑花岗岩中。分析认为2573.4~2194.4 Ma是胶东结晶基底的年龄信息,164.8~147.8Ma代表了玲珑花岗岩形成的年龄信息,126.2~126.6Ma则代表了郭家岭花岗岩形成的年龄信息。这种年龄信息组合也反映了胶东地区从新太古代陆块形成、古元古代克拉通化到三叠纪华北陆块与扬子陆块碰撞至玲珑S型花岗岩形成、郭家岭壳幔混合型花岗岩形成演化的年代学记录,浓缩了胶东地区中生代岩浆起源和演化的过程,进而为诠释胶东地区深部岩浆作用过程提供了新的资料,并对后续的相关科学研究尤其是金矿的多期成矿作用提供了佐证。     

胶东地区晚中生代岩浆活动及对大地构造的制约

应用近十几年来胶东地区及其周边岩浆岩体的同位素测年资料,结合几个岩体的新的SHRIMP测年数据(牙山岩体117.7Ma,院格庄岩体113.4Ma,正长斑岩脉115.7Ma),系统研究了该区晚中生代以来的岩浆活动规律,结果表明,该区可分为4个岩浆活动期;(1)晚侏罗世构造-岩浆热事件(150~160Ma),以玲珑-滦家河型岩体为代表,是在区域挤压构造应力作用下侵入的,属同构造或同造山时期的岩浆作用。(2)早白垩世早期构造-岩浆热事件(135~125Ma),以郭家岭岩体为典型,该时期的岩浆活动均具有双峰式岩浆作用特征,反映了伸展动力学背景。(3)早白垩世中晚期构造-岩浆热事件(125~105Ma),以崂山花岗岩为特征,该阶段对应于中国东部岩石圈大规模的减薄时期,是大陆裂谷作用的高峰期。(4)晚白垩世-古新世基性-超基性火山作用。本文还探讨了岩浆活动的地球动力学因素及其对大地构造的制约。     

胶东区域岩石铅同位素地球化学背景研究

通过对胶东地区与金矿有关的地层、中基性脉岩、花岗岩以及碱性玄武岩的铅同位素地球化学背景的研究和对比，给出区域各主要地质体的铅同位素组成值域。应用华北铅构造模式图，论证了区域花岗岩主要源于胶东群变质岩。其中形成于中生代的与成矿有主要关系的花岗岩（郭家岭式花岗岩和滦家河式花岗岩）及中基性脉岩主要是胶东群重熔结晶分异的产物，而前中生代的某些花岗岩则为胶东群交代混合岩化的产物。区域碱性玄武岩由华南地幔向北下插后喷发形成。     

冀东一些金矿床金矿物特征及金成色地质意义

冀东青龙地区三家子、半壁山金矿床均产于古老变质岩系中，主要载金矿物为石英、黄铁矿，金的赋存状态有裂隙金、包裹体金、晶隙金。通过对比，认为Au成色与成矿时代、成矿温度、成矿深度有内在关系：成矿时代越早，Au成色越高；金矿物的形成温度与Au成色呈正相关关系；金矿床形成深度越大，自然金的成色亦越高。三家子金矿床成矿时代较晚，为中－中高温矿床，深部曾发生过多次成矿作用。半壁山金矿床成矿较早，为高中温金矿床。     

The Mineralogy of gold and its relevance to gold recoveries

Processing of most gold ores, other than placers, involves conventional gravity separation and direct cyanidation. The difficult (or refractory) gold ores are not amenable to direct cyanidation and these ores require detailed mineralogical investigations to assist in determining the recovery processes. There are six mineralogical factors that can contribute to poorer recoveries. These are 1. the nature of the gold-containing minerals, 2. the grain size of the gold minerals, 3. the nature of the gangue minerals, 4. the associated sulfide minerals, 5. coatings on gold, and 6. chemically bound or invisible gold.Geological Survey of Canada Contribution Number 13089     

上庄金矿含金黄铁矿细脉的成因探讨

在分析矿区内含金黄铁矿脉的产出特征以及镜下特征的基础上,应用水压致裂的原理来解释矿化细脉的成因,并结合控矿构造的演化,进一步阐述超高压流体的保持与释放机制,重新认识了成矿初期阶段中形成的自形粗粒黄铁矿与金富集之间的关系.     

胶东玲珑金矿区碲化物形成条件及其对金富集过程的约束SCIEI北大核心CSCD

胶东地区探明金储量超过5000t,是我国最重要的金矿集区。玲珑金矿区位于胶东西北部招-平断裂北段,具有典型含金石英脉矿床的特征。矿区部分矿段产出富碲铋化物的明金矿石,是研究富碲铋化物金矿床成因和金超级富集机制的理想对象。通过显微岩相学观察、扫描电镜及电子探针分析,首次对胶东玲珑金矿区富碲铋化物明金矿石的矿物组合和形成机制进行了较为详细的研究。玲珑金矿区含明金矿石中的金矿物主要为含银自然金,成色整体较高,平均为894。共发现了五种与自然金共生的碲化物,分别是辉碲铋矿、碲铋矿、碲银矿、碲铋银矿和碲镍矿,其中辉碲铋矿含量最多。通过矿物共生组合研究及物理化学条件分析,确定成矿流体的碲逸度范围为-12.6相似文献   

A New Genetic Type of Gold Deposits-Meso-Epithermal Carbonate-Type Gold Deposits as Exemplified by the Baguamiao Suprlarge Gold Deposit

Gold deposits of the meso-epithermal carbonate type were first proposed based on the study of the Baguamiao gold deposit.This new type of gold deposits has many unique characteristics as follows:(1)Obviously strata-bound.The gold deposits are hosted in Middle Devonian turbidite formations;(2)Structrually controlled.Struc-ture is an important factor leading to metallogenesis of this type of gold deposits.The shape and distribution of orebodies are controlled by byittle-ductile shear zones;(3)Multi-stage wall-rock alteration.According to the characteristics of mineral assemblage,gold mineralization can be classified into three stages in association with various wall-rock al-terations.Wall-rock alterations closely genetically related to the gold mineralization are ankerization ,silicification,pyrrhotization and pyritization ;(4)Mineral compositions of the orebodies are mainly pyrrhotite,pyrite,marcasitolite,chalcopyrite,quartz,ankerite,and sericite.Gold mineralization is associated closely in space and time with iron sulfides;(5)Rare elements and REE in ores are low in contents relative to those of the crust.Au content varies from 1.91g/t to 11.15g/t ,averaging 5.5g/t;(6)Studies of sulfur,hydrogen,oxygen and carbon isotopes in main gangue minerals (quartz and ankerite)indicate that fluids and ore-forming materials came from deep-seated sources;(7)Three types of inclusions are recognized in terms of their composition and the vapor amounts of inclusions.The homogenization temperatures of inclusions range from 210℃to 310℃,averaging 230℃,showing that this type of gold deposits belongs to the meso-epithermal type;(8)Metallogenic age of this type of gold deposits is similar to that of the collision between the Yangtze Plate and the North China Plate,indicating that gold deposits of this type are genetically related to continental-margin plate activity.     

小秦岭金矿田构造演化与金矿成矿作用

依据小秦岭金矿田的地质构造穿插关系和同位素年龄资料,建立了本区构造、岩浆、成矿事件序列。在此基础上,将小秦岭地区的构造演化划分为６个阶段：褶皱变质、韧性剪切变形、稳定升降、韧－脆性断裂转化、断裂活动、抬升剥蚀阶段。对小秦岭金矿田的成矿时代,成矿深度、矿床成因等地质问题,给出了构造地质学方面的判据。     

Occurrences of dendritic gold at the McLaughlin Mine hot-spring gold deposit

Two styles of gold dendrites are variably developed at the McLaughlin Mine. The most abundant occurrence is hosted by amber-coloured hydrocarbon-rich opal. Silica likely precipitated from a boiling hydrothermal fluid and complexed with immiscible hydrocarbons forming an amorphous hydrocarbon-silica phase. This phase likely scavenged particulate gold by electrostatic attraction to the hydrocarbon-silica phase. The dendritic nature of the gold is secondary and is the result of dewatering of the amorphous hydrocarbon-silica phase and crystallization of gold into syneresis fractures. The second style of dendritic gold is hosted within vein swarms that focused large volumes of fluid flow. The dendrites occur along with hydrocarbon-rich silica at the upper contact of the vein margins which isolated the dendrites allowing sufficient time for them to grow. In a manner similar to the amber-coloured opal, the dendrites may have formed by scavenging particulate gold by electrostatic attraction to the hydrocarbon-silica phase.     

二道岔金矿332隐伏金矿床地质特征

二道岔金矿332隐伏金矿赋存于太古宙夹皮沟岩群三道沟岩组和腰抢子片麻岩中,属于石英脉型金矿床,矿石易选,易加工,开发经济效益好。因此,总结该矿床地质特征,对该区普查找矿具有指导意义。     

粤西金矿带勘查生态环境影响定量评估

矿产勘查活动往往会带来一定的生态环境影响,如何评估这些影响是当前矿产勘查所面临的迫切问题之一。本研究以广东省金矿资源最为集中的粤西金矿带为例,采用生态系统服务价值核算方法,利用单位面积生态环境价值,结合植被恢复时间和矿产资源潜力,量化评估粤西金矿带内的四个主要已知矿区勘查活动生态环境影响,进一步推测量化评估金矿带内其他具有类似成矿地质条件的预测单元勘查活动生态环境影响。评估结果表明：（1）粤西金矿带勘查活动生态环境影响成本较低,相对于其矿产资源潜力带来的社会经济效益而言,微乎其微;（2）广东省粤西金矿带下一步勘查工作方向仍应重点集中在金牛A类预测区、新洲A类预测区与高村A类预测区等资源潜力大、单位资源量生态环境成本低的区域;（3）本研究提出的勘查活动生态环境影响量化评估方法具有易操作、适用性广等特点,可用于其他地理环境下的勘查活动生态环境影响量化评估。     

The gold conveyor belt: Large-scale gold mobility in an active orogen

The Southern Alps of New Zealand are part of an active collisional orogen where metamorphism, hydrothermal fluid flow and the formation of orogenic gold deposits are ongoing. The Southern Alps are forming due to transpressional collision between continental crust fragments on the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates. The plate tectonic rates and geometries, the sources of fluid and broad-scale fluid pathways in the hydrogeological system, and the geochemical compositions of the Torlesse Terrane rock that is being advected through the orogen are well defined so that a mass balance of metal mobility during active orogenic processing in the Southern Alps of New Zealand can be calculated. Advection of a 10 km wide × 5 km deep section of Torlesse rock through the orogen at tectonic rates (0.01 m/yr) that is then metamorphosed up to amphibolite facies causes mobilisation of over 11,27 t Au, 10.1 Mt As, 47,000 t Hg, 560,000 t Sb and 14,000 Mt H₂O in 1 Myrs. The masses of elements mobilised at the same rate along the length of the Southern Alps (> 200 km) for 5 Myrs would be more than 100 times greater. The metals were mobilised by the metamorphic fluid produced during the orogenic processing of the Torlesse Terrane rocks and the concentrations of Au, As, Hg and Sb in this fluid are calculated to be 0.08, 711, 3, and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The mobilised metals form the orogenic gold deposits that occur in the Southern Alps. Different styles of gold deposits form contemporaneously during the active orogenesis of the Southern Alps, including those with a fluid temperature > rock temperature that may appear to have formed after the peak of metamorphism but are instead just the product hydrothermal fluid mineralising rocks on their retrograde metamorphic path. The mass balance shows that there has been orders of magnitude more metal mobilised in the orogen than resides in the currently known deposits. There is a clear potential for large gold deposits occurring in the yet to be uplifted parts of the Southern Alps if there have been efficient enough fluid focusing and metal precipitation mechanisms occurring under the Southern Alps.