现浇薄壁管桩(PCC)沉桩试验研究

现浇薄壁管桩是一种处理大面积软土地基的专利技术，研究历史相对较短。结合现浇薄壁管桩在盐通高速公路及上海北环高速公路中的应用，通过现场试验对现浇薄壁管桩沉桩拔管速度、混凝土材料塌落度、沉桩过程对场地土性影响及沉桩挤土效应进行的研究，得出了优化的工艺技术参数；沉桩观测表明，现浇薄壁管桩存在一定的挤土效应，但在目前的设计间距下不会对邻桩构成影响，该研究成果对工程实践具有重要的指导意义。     

静力压桩沉桩阻力分析与估算

分析了静力压桩沉桩阻力的组成,提出了沉桩阻力的估算公式,对采用静力压桩施工工艺、判断沉桩可能性及设备选型具有参考价值。     

CFG桩复合地基加固高速公路深厚软基若干问题研究

对CFG桩复合地基加固高速公路深厚软基的若干问题进行了研究。考虑CFG桩沉管效应利用圆孔扩张理论，在规范和经验设计方法的基础上分别建立了按工后沉降控制和考虑成桩效应的复合地基桩间距设计计算新方法。同时对CFG桩沉管效应进行了计算分析，考虑成桩扰动推导了桩间土体模量的计算公式。     

抗液化排水刚性桩沉桩过程的土压力响应

抗液化排水刚性桩是一种将刚性桩与竖向排水体相结合的新桩型。基于某建筑桩基工程,开展了抗液化排水刚性桩和不含排水体的普通刚性桩的沉桩对比现场试验,采用了动态土压力传感器实时监测沉桩过程中桩周土体内产生的土压力响应,对比了排水桩与普通桩沉桩对桩周土体水平方向应力及有效应力影响的差异。试验结果表明：抗液化排水刚性桩能够有效减小沉桩过程对桩周深部可液化土体的扰动,在桩身近侧（距桩心0.6 m）深部埋深（-15 m）位置,排水桩的水平土压力响应峰值仅为普通桩的1/4;排水桩能够有效降低沉桩对可液化土层有效应力的影响,使桩周土体更加稳定;在单次沉桩过程中,对于浅部埋深（-5 m）,排水桩对桩周土压力峰值的影响作用较小,对于存在可液化土层的深部埋深（-10、-15 m）,排水桩对土压力峰值的有效影响半径可达4倍桩径。现场试验数据为抗液化排水刚性桩的桩间距选择提供了有力的设计参考依据。     

基于光纤光栅传感技术的静压沉桩贯入特性及影响因素研究

针对黏性土中静压沉桩贯入特性方面的研究相对较少的状况,基于光纤光栅(fiber bragg grating,简称FBG)传感技术,考虑开口、闭口不同桩端形式和不同桩径,研究了静压沉桩过程中沉桩阻力、桩身轴力以及桩身单位侧摩阻力的变化规律。通过静压沉桩模型试验,分析了桩端形式、桩径、沉桩深度等因素对沉桩阻力、桩身轴力及桩身单位侧摩阻力的影响规律。研究结果表明:FBG传感技术对黏性土中静压沉桩阻力的测试性能优越,能够准确体现静压管桩的贯入特性。沉桩结束时开口和闭口试桩的桩端阻力分别约占沉桩阻力的66.7%、59.5%。沉桩过程不可忽略开口土塞效应和桩径对沉桩阻力的影响。桩身轴力的分布形式不会因桩端形式而发生改变。桩径140 mm试桩的桩身轴力传递性能优于桩径100 mm试桩,两试桩桩身轴力递减率分别为40.8%、34.2%。开口试桩内管和外管桩身单位侧摩阻力最大值分别为1.67、4.83 kPa,均小于闭口试桩。贯入深度为90 cm时桩身单位侧摩阻力最大值随着桩径增加而增大,同一深度桩径越大桩身单位侧摩阻力"侧阻退化"越明显。入土深度为30 cm时两不同桩径桩身单位侧摩阻力减幅相差0.93 kPa。确定静压贯入沉桩阻力时考虑基于黏性土的侧阻退化后实际值更为合理。     

利用标贯击数估算静压桩的沉桩阻力

选用最易获得的标准贯入试验锤击数估算静力压入桩的沉桩阻力,提出了经验公式。对桩端阻力、桩侧阻力在土层中的变化等计算的细节问题进行了讨论,并编制了计算结果可视化的程序。2个工程实例的计算结果表明,用标贯锤击数估算静压桩沉桩阻力的方法是可行的,计算出的压桩力满足工程精度要求,可以方便的用于判断沉桩可能性、估算承载力、选择沉桩设备等。     

竹节桩复合地基沉桩施工超孔隙水压力研究

结合宁波轨道交通4号线东钱湖车辆段竹节桩复合地基处理试验段沉桩施工,开展了土体中超静孔压现场测试,并在考虑竹节桩竹节间空隙对竖向超静孔压分布影响的基础上,推导建立了竹节桩沉桩引起的竖向孔压离散化计算公式。利用建立的离散化计算公式对2 m桩间距试验工况的孔压进行计算,并将计算结果与测试结果进行对比,结果表明:计算结果与实测结果较为吻合,考虑竹节空隙影响的竖向超静孔压计算理论可以较好获得竹节桩沉桩施工引起的超静孔压,可为竹节桩的设计和施工提供依据。     

浅埋硬土层小截面短桩沉桩分析

在地层比较特殊的地段,往往由于经验及对地质情况认识不深而出现沉桩困难、桩头开裂等现象。文章针对浅埋硬土层采用小截面短桩情况,应用静力触探测试指标计算沉桩阻力,结合考虑桩身强度的方法进行沉桩分析,并统计了不同锤型入持力层不同深度的实际锤击数,为以后类似工程的选锤提供参考。     

基于均匀设计的带桩帽钢管减沉桩承载性能试验研究

采用均匀设计法对桩长、桩距、垫层、桩帽对减沉桩承载性能的影响进行室内模型试验研究。通过6组3×4群桩试验,对不同沉管隧道荷载作用下的土压力、桩身轴力及沉管隧道沉降进行测定。由于采用均匀设计,运用数理统计理论工具对试验数据进行相关性分析和回归分析,从而区别于传统的单因素优选法,使得同时考察多因素、多水平作用下对沉管隧道沉降的综合影响成为可能。分析结果表明,桩长、桩距、桩帽对沉管隧道沉降的影响随着外荷载的增加而改变;垫层厚度和桩帽存在交互作用,两者共同对沉管沉降产生影响。最后,利用拟合结果进行反演分析,在总样本为432种减沉桩组合中找出符合沉降控制要求的最优化组合。反演结果在后续模型试验中得到较好的验证。     

采用竹节桩对挤密螺纹桩复合地基进行补强的应用

沿海软土地区某料棚工程采用变截面挤密螺纹桩复合地基,在堆载高度到5～6 m时,未达到设计高度11 m,地面产生沉陷,最大沉陷量约1.30 m,网架立柱出现了较大的变形,最大水平位移超过680 mm,导致料棚处于超危状态。采用竹节桩对挤密螺纹桩复合地基进行加固,通过合理布置竹节桩打桩流向,采用长螺旋引孔、应力释放孔,减小竹节桩沉桩的挤土效应对原有挤密螺纹桩、边柱承台和基桩的影响。沉桩结束后,竹节桩单桩竖向承载力特征值不小于740 kN,满足竹节桩设计要求。加固后的竹节桩复合地基+筏板满足堆载的设计要求。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.