共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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论述了流域水文模型出现的必然性,剖析了现有流域水文模型的局限性和用于水文预报需要解决的问题,并提出了若干建议,以期能推进流域水文模型的研究 相似文献
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介绍了流域水文模型的理论基础,总结了流域水文模型与计算机技术集成化,地理信息系统与遥感技术的嵌套应用趋势以及水文模型发展中将会遇到的问题。 相似文献
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祁连山黑河干流山区水文模拟研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
流域水文模拟是在认识水文规律的基础上, 对流域水文过程的一种数学描述.黑河流域作为典型的内陆河流域历来是研究寒区、 旱区水文过程的热点区域.祁连山黑河干流山区的水文模拟研究也备受学者们的关注, 经验模型、 概念模型和分布式水文模型在该区域均有应用, 虽然都对出山径流做出了准确的模拟, 但是引进的模型对高寒山区水文过程的刻画不够详细.内陆河高寒山区流域的水文模拟要充分考虑冰川、 积雪、 冻土等因素所引起的特殊寒区水文过程, 准确刻画这些水文过程是高寒山区流域水文模拟成功的关键.今后应该继续加强野外观测, 深入开展冻土水文过程、 冰雪水文过程的模拟研究, 发展真正适合于高寒山区流域水文过程的分布式水文模型. 相似文献
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干旱地区内陆河流域水文问题的研究实践与展望 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
过去,干旱地区内陆河流域水文研究主要偏重于山区水文,注重山区来水及径流分析,而很少涉及灌区问题和生态问题,对绿洲水文和荒漠水文的研究十分缺乏。以新疆为例,通过对干旱地区河流的基本特征和水文机理的分析研究,从径流形成、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护三位一体,即从全流域水文循环的角度出发,提出了以山区水文、绿洲水文、荒漠生态水文为三大构成要素的干旱地区内陆河流域水文系统的新概念,并基于干旱地区内陆河流域水文问题的研究实践,提出了各自领域的研究内容和方向,进一步拓宽了水文问题的研究领域,对水文学科的研究与发展提出了新的思路,注入了新的内容。 相似文献
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对美国目前常用的一些用于流域总量管理的数学模型进行了概括分类,把收集到47个模型划分为流域负荷模型、受纳水体模型和集成化模拟系统三类,并选择其中的19个流域污染负荷模型作为重点进行了比较研究。针对这19个模型,首先对各模型的主要输入数据、模型主要的输出信息、模型所能处理的土地利用类型、模型中水文侵蚀和沉积物的计算机理、污染负荷计算结果的基本形式、所能模拟的污染物类型、模型的时间尺度特征、模型软件的提供者等9个方面作了较为详细的介绍。在此基础上,结合文献调研和对部分模型实际使用的效果,从模型处理不同土地利用类型(包括对流域点源的识别和处理)的适用性、对不同时间尺度的适应性、水文过程的模拟能力、不同类型污染物负荷的计算能力、对污染物运移过程的描述、模型结果输出的友好性、输入数据的需求程度、评估和设计污染总量管理措施的支持能力、以及使用说明文档的完备性等9个方面,对模型性能进行了定性评估,分别用“高”、“中”、“低”来表示模型的优劣程度。 相似文献
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西苕溪流域城镇化对径流的长期影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城镇化的发展使流域下垫面产生了较大变化,从而使流域降雨径流条件发生变化,随着城市化水平的提高,土地利用性质发生了改变,不透水地面积的增加,对径流的形成过程产生很大影响。长期水文影响模型(Long-Term Hydrological Impact Analysis,L-THIA GIS)是一个基于GIS平台的城市水文模型,可用于评价城市化对径流的长期影响。本文选取太湖上游浙江省安吉县西苕溪流域作为研究区域,利用L-THIA GIS模型对流域31年的长期径流进行模拟,在验证模型有效应用的基础上,探讨了城镇化对径流的影响。 相似文献
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水文模型是模拟水循环过程重要手段,依靠单个模型进行模拟往往存在很大的不确定性,使通过多模型进行组合模拟成为必然趋势。选取3个集总式水文模型应用贝叶斯模型平均(BMA)进行流域月径流量的多模型模拟,采用期望最大化算法推求BMA分布参数以得到BMA均值模拟序列和90%不确定性区间。以武烈河实测数据为例进行分析,结果表明:BMA方法既能通过均值模拟提供更高精度的模拟效果,还可通过不确定性置信区间定量评价模型结构不确定性,为径流模拟提供丰富信息。 相似文献
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Yuyu Zhou Yeqiao Wang Arthur J. Gold Peter V. August Thomas B. Boving 《GeoJournal》2014,79(2):155-166
In this study, we investigated the relationship between watershed characteristics and hydrology using high spatial resolution impervious surface area (ISA), hydrologic simulations and spatial regression. We selected 20 watersheds at HUC 12 level with different degrees of urbanization and performed hydrologic simulation using a distributed object-oriented rainfall and runoff simulation model. We extracted the discharge per area and ratio of runoff to base flow from simulation results and used them as indicators of hydrology pattern. We derived percentage of ISA, distance from ISA to streams, and stream density as the watershed characteristics to evaluate the relationship with hydrology pattern in watersheds using ordinary least square, spatial error and spatial lag regression models. The comparison indicates that spatial lag regression model can achieve better performance for the evaluation of relationship between ratio of runoff to base flow and watershed characteristics, and that three models provide similar performance for the evaluation of relationship between discharge per area and watershed characteristics. The results from regression analyses demonstrate that ISA plays an important role in watershed hydrology. Ignorance of spatial dependence in analyses will likely cause inaccurate evaluation for relationship between ISA and watershed hydrology. The hydrologic model, regression methods and relationships between watershed characteristics and hydrology pattern provide important tools and information for decision makers to evaluate the effect of different scenarios in land management. 相似文献
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K. Solaimani H. Mohammadi M. Z. Ahmadi M. Habibnejad 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2005,2(3):253-258
The application of Geographical Information system (GIS) in modeling flood and its prediction in catchments offers considerable potential. Several examples illustrate simple GIS techniques to produce flood hazard indices or its zonation using hydrologic-type models. Existing flood models can also be loosely coupled to a GIS, such as the HMS (Hydrological Modeling System) model. Forethermore, models can be fully integrated into a GIS by embedded coupling, such as the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) model. Installation of flood forecasting systems in watersheds with incomplete hydrometric data may reduce the flood-induced damages. In this study Geographical Information system used to up to date the watershed data and estimation of SCS model parameters which is sensible to considered the real time flood forecasting in Kasilian catchment of Mazandaran province. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of the linkage between GIS with a comprehensive hydrologic model, especially HMS. The use of GIS could produce a suitable agreement between observed results (extracted rainfall and runoff data of 1992, 1995 and 1996 from the related stations) with the calculated results of the hydrological model. The obtained results from rainfall-runoff process simulations of the model in this research showed that submergibility of the main watershed, Kasillian, does not depend on the outlet discharge rate of each one of its watershed independently. But it is related to how those two outlet hydrographs from main river watershed are combined. The model is capable of showing the flood characteristics temporally and spatially in each cross section of the channel network. 相似文献
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大气水文模式耦合研究综述 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
首先阐明大气水文模式耦合的必要性,总结作为二者耦合的共同界面——陆面模式的发展过程。在此基础上,从耦合研究方法和目的出发,分4个类别详细论述当前国内外大气水文模式耦合研究的现状。指出了单向耦合不足和进行双向耦合所面临的几个关键问题包括:尺度问题、次网格分布非均匀性、降水模拟等。未来要求充分利用“3S”、四维变分同化等新技术和新方法,加强多学科的联合研究,深入开展大气水文模式的双向耦合试验和敏感性分析,研究大气—植被—土壤—水文系统的交互影响,从根本上提高大气和水文模式的模拟和预报水平。 相似文献
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Müsteyde Baduna Koçyiğit Hüseyin Akay Ali Melih Yanmaz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(15):331
The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of the size of the subbasins of a watershed on the hydrologic parameters and their spatial variability in an estimation of the hydrologic parameters and hydrograph of a neighbouring ungauged basin. In this paper, Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), a semi-distributed hydrologic model, is used to calibrate and cross-validate two flood events occurred in 1998 and then validate four other flood events occurred in 1991, 1994, 2002, and 2009 in Gokirmak Basin in Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. The basin is divided into seven different subbasins to investigate the effect of watershed partitioning on calibrated hydrologic parameters of each subbasin using the peak-weighted root mean square error method as an objective function and the hydrograph at the outlet of the whole basin. It is found out that as the geometric magnitudes of the subbasins changed, the calibrated values of the hydrologic parameters of those subbasins changed as well. Then, a neighbouring basin, Kocanaz, is considered as an assumed neighbouring ungauged basin to investigate the effect of watershed partitioning of a gauged basin on the estimation of hydrograph of a neighbouring ungauged basin. Hydrologic parameters and direct runoff hydrograph of assumed ungauged neighbouring basin are estimated from the hydrologic parameters of the HEC-HMS calibration results of Gokirmak. Statistical indicators of the simulation results for each basin partitioning were graded with respect to the boundary values of the simulation outputs to find the best alternative. The grading results show that the simulation results with a single basin gave better representation among all other partitioning except two flood events. 相似文献