斜入射平面SH波在层状半空间中沉积谷地周围的三维散射

采用直接刚度法计算自由场动力响应,以层状半空间中移动斜线均布荷载动力格林函数模拟散射波场,采用间接边界元方法求解了层状半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射平面SH波的三维散射问题.由于文中采用的层状场地三维动力刚度矩阵是精确的,且用于模拟散射波场的均布移动斜线荷载可以直接施加在沉积交界面处而不存在奇异性,所以本文方法具有很高精度.文中以均匀半空间和基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地对入射SH波的散射为例进行了数值计算,研究表明,沉积谷地对地震波的三维散射与二维散射之间存在本质差别;层状半空间中沉积谷地与均匀半空间中沉积谷地附近地表位移存在显著差异.     

圆弧状多层沉积谷地在平面P波入射下稳态响应的解析解

规则的沉积谷地对地震波散射问题解析解的研究是地球物理学、地震学与地震工程学等学科领域重要的研究课题之一.Trifunac最先利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开在极坐标系下给出了半圆形沉积谷地对平面SH波散射问题的精确解析解.其后,Wong和Trifunac利用波函数的Mathieu级数展开在椭圆坐标系下给出了半椭圆形沉积谷地对平面SH波散射问题的解析解.     

瑞雷波斜入射下层状半空间中沉积谷地周围的三维散射研究

针对层状半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射瑞雷波的三维散射问题, 采用直接刚度法计算自由场波场, 以层状半空间中移动斜线均布荷载动力格林影响函数求解三维散射波场, 建立了求解该问题的间接边界元方法. 通过与已有结果的比较, 验证了该方法的正确性, 并以均匀半空间以及弹性基岩上单一土层场地中沉积谷地为例进行了计算分析. 研究结果表明: 层状半空间与均匀半空间中沉积谷地对瑞雷波的散射存在显著差别; 层状半空间中瑞雷波的振动模态对沉积附近位移幅值有着重要影响; 土层刚度和厚度等参数也对沉积附近位移幅值大小及空间分布有着显著的影响.      

平面SV波在层状半空间中沉积谷地周围的散射

采用间接边界元方法求解了入射平面SV波在层状半空间中沉积谷地周围的散射问题.问题的解答包含自由场和散射场两部分.自由场可由直接刚度法求得,散射场由层状半空间中斜线荷载动力格林函数来模拟.文中以入射平面SV波在基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地周围散射为例研究了土层和沉积谷地周围的影响.结果表明,由于考虑了土层的动力特性,平面SV...     

半球形饱和土沉积谷场地对入射平面Rayleigh波的三维散射问题的解析解

用Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论模拟半球形两相饱和土沉积谷,用单相介质弹性动力学理论模拟周围半空间场地.利用Fourier Bessel 级数展开法,在频域内给出了半空间中半球形饱和土沉积谷场地在平面Rayleigh波入射下三维散射问题的解析解.利用这一解析解计算分析了入射波频率、场地特征（包括孔隙比）对地表位移幅值的影响,并与已有的三维半球形沉积谷场地在单相介质中的散射问题进行了对比分析.     

楔形空间中圆弧形沉积对平面P波的散射解析解

基于大圆弧假定,利用傅立叶-贝塞尔（Fourier-Bessel）级数波函数展开法,给出了含圆弧形沉积的楔形空间对平面P波的散射解析解。为方便构造地表面引起的散射波场,本文利用2个大圆弧面来模拟地表面,由连续性边界条件建立方程并求解得出该问题的解析解。算例结果表明,楔形空间沉积附近地表的动力响应特征依赖于入射波频率、入射角度、沉积内外介质特性与楔形夹角等因素,且位移放大效应较半空间情况更为显著。     

基于有限断层动力学模型的逆断层—三维层状沉积盆地地震动模拟

近断层效应使得沉积盆地对地震动放大效应更为复杂。本文针对逆断层发震下三维层状沉积盆地地震反应,基于波动谱元法,采用有限断层动力学模型,模拟断层动力破裂、地壳层地震波传播和层状沉积盆地对地震波散射全过程。在此基础上,对比分析了层状和均质沉积盆地对近断层地震动放大效应的影响,讨论了不同断层倾角下层状沉积盆地地震动加速度特性。结果表明：层状沉积盆地PGA空间分布与均质沉积盆地存在较大差异,由于近断层效应和盆地效应,层状沉积盆地地表局部范围竖向PGA大于水平向PGA;90°断层倾角下层状沉积盆地地表地震动放大范围与60°断层倾角结果明显不同,主要集中在盆地中心区域和断层附近,且幅值远小于60°断层倾角下结果;沿断层走向,盆地内地表地震动加速度峰值对应时刻较盆地外延后。     

含多个圆弧状沉积层河谷场地对平面SH波散射问题的解析解

利用波函数展开法给出了含多个圆弧状沉积层河谷(盆地)场地对平面SH波二维散射问题的一个解析解,并以具有三个沉积层的河谷为例,分析了河谷中沉积层层数与排列次序对SH波散射的影响。     

浅圆沉积谷地对瑞雷波的散射--高频解

利用波函数展开法给出了浅圆沉积谷地对瑞雷波散射的一个高频解析解,并分析了入射频率、沉积谷地宽度和深度等因素对波散射的影响. 数值结果表明,由于沉积谷地的影响, 在入射波的近端,地表位移分布变得相对复杂,但位移幅值并不大;而在入射波远端,地表位移分布相对简单,但位移幅值却相对较大,多数情况下高于沉积地表位移幅值.      

横观各向同性层状半空间中凹陷地形对平面SH波的散射

沉积风化作用下土体表现出明显的成层特性和横观各向同性(TI)特性。将更为符合实际的TI介质模型引入到局部地形对地震波的散射问题研究有着重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。本文在TI土层平面外动力刚度矩阵的基础上,推导了斜线均布荷载动力格林函数,进而以该格林函数为基本解建立间接边界元方法研究了TI层状半空间中凹陷地形对平面SH波的散射问题。文中验证了方法的正确性,并分别在频域和时域内进行了数值计算分析。研究表明,TI介质中凹陷地形对SH波的散射与各向同性介质情况存在较大差异,凹陷附近地表位移幅值依赖于SH波的入射角度、入射频率和竖向与水平剪切模量比值;另外土体竖向与水平剪切模量比值对基岩上单一土层场地动力特性有着显著影响,进而使得TI层状场地凹陷附近位移幅值与各向同性情况差异变得更为复杂。     

Scattering of plane P waves by circular-arc layered alluvial valleys: An analytical solution

IntroductionThe site effect of local inhomogeneity and irregularity on seismic wave propagation is one of the most attractive topics in seismology. The problem may be resolved by either analytical method or numerical method. Here, the analytical method is the wave function expansion method; numerical methods include the finite difference, finite element, boundary integration equation, and discrete wave number method, etc. Although these numerical methods can be applied for sites of arbitrary s…     

Effects of a covering layer in a circular-arc canyon on incident plane SV waves

Introduction The effect of local topographies on seismic wave propagation is one of the most attractive topics in seismology. It may be resolved by either an analytical method or a numerical method. Here, the analytical method is the wave function expansion method; numerical methods include the finite difference, finite element, boundary integration equation, and discrete wave number method, etc. The advantage of these numerical methods is that they can be applied to local inhomogeneity and ir…     

圆弧形凹陷地形表面覆盖层对入射平面SV波的影响

利用Fourier Bessel级数展开法，给出了表面具有覆盖层的圆弧形凹陷地形对入射平面SV波散射问题的一个解析解，并利用该解分析了不同深宽比凹陷地形表面覆盖层刚度和厚度对入射SV波的影响．结果表明，凹陷地形表面覆盖层的存在，即使厚度很薄，也会显著增加对入射SV波的放大作用，该放大作用可达到单一凹陷地形的2.5倍以上．覆盖层刚度和厚度的变化对入射平面SV波也具有很大影响．      

Scattering of plane P waves by a semi-cylindrical hill： analytical solution

An analytical solution for scattering of plane P waves by a semi-cylindrical hill was derived by using the wave function expansion method, and convergence of the solution and accuracy of truncation were verified. The effect of incident frequency and incident angle on the surface motion of the hill was discussed, and it was shown that a hill greatly amplifies incident plane P waves, and maximum horizontal displacement amplitudes appear mostly at the inclined incidence of waves, which are located at the half-space; and maximum vertical displacement amplitudes emerge mostly at the vertical incidence of waves, which are situated at the hill.     

Scattering of Plane P Waves by Circular-arc Canyon Topography:High-frequency Solution

Through the Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,the analytical solution to the two-dimensional scattering problem of incidental plane P waves by circular-arc canyon topography with different depth-to-width ratio is deduced.Unlike other existing analytical solutions,in order to ensure that the analytical solution is valid for higher frequency incident waves,the asymptotic properties of cylindrical functions are in this paper introduced to directly determine the unknown coefficients of scattering waves,avoiding the solution of linear equation systems and corresponding numerical issues,which in turn expand the frequency band in which the analytical solution is valid.Comparison with other existing analytical solutions demonstrates that the proposed analytical solution is correct.Furthermore,the scattering effects of a circular-arc canyon on the incident plane P wave are analyzed in a comparatively broad frequency band.     

地震波在不规则界面上的散射效应及其某些应用

本文运用数值解法,求解了两类散射问题:(1)在声学近似下,平面P波在半无限介质空间表面上任意形状的三维空腔上的散射;(2)平面SH波在半无限弹性空间中埋藏着任意形状截面的无限长、且平行于地面的弹性柱体上的散射,得到了几种几何形状的物体所引起的散射数值结果。把某些特殊情况下的散射结果与已知的精确解作对比,两者能很好地吻合。     

圆弧状凹陷地形对平面SV波散射问题的宽频带解析解

利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,推导了具有不同深宽比的圆弧状凹陷地形对入射平面SV波二维散射问题的解析解。区别于现有其他解析解,利用柱函数的渐近性质,使得散射波的待定系数得以直接确定,避免了线性方程组的求解以及相应的高频波入射下的数值计算问题,从而拓展了解析解适用的频带范围。通过与已有解析解的比较论证了该解析解的正确性,并在一个较宽的频带范围内研究了圆弧状凹陷地形对入射平面SV波的散射效应。     

Phase fluctuations of radio waves experiencing total reflection from a randomly inhomogeneous plasma layer

We examine the problem of small-angle scattering of radio waves experiencing total reflection from a randomly inhomogeneous layer of plasma. We consider the waves to be normally incident on the layer. To take into account the scattering peculiarities in the neighborhood of the reflection point, we introduce an analytical transformation for the eikonal equation solution derived by the perturbation method. This transformation permits calculations of radio-wave phase fluctuations for any monotonous profile of the regular dielectric permittivity of the plasma in the layer. Using this approach, we have derived analytical formulas for the variance and two-dimensional spatial spectrum of phase fluctuations, depending on the three-dimensional power spectrum of plasma fluctuations. We have also estimated a contribution of reflection point fluctuations to the phase fluctuations and determined the limits of applicability of the derived formulas. The presented analytical transformation of the eikonal equation solution can be used to calculate other statistical moments of the radio wave phase in many problems of solar–terrestrial physics where scattering and reflection of radio waves by plasma formations are important.     

Analysis on multiple scattering by an arbitrary configuration of piles as barriers for vibration isolation

By introducing the multiple scattering of acoustic or electromagnetic waves by an arbitrary configuration of parallel cylinders, a new formal solution that is different from the traditional ones to solve the problem of plane elastic waves scattering by cylindrical solid piles as barriers for environmental vibration isolation has been established. The first order of scattering is generated from the excitation of each pile by incident waves, and the second order is resulted from the excitation of each pile by the first order of scattering induced by remaining piles. The rest to an infinite can be executed in the same manner. Suppose that each order of scattering satisfies continuity boundary conditions at the surface of each pile, the undetermined scattering coefficients would be figured out ultimately. By introducing the normalized displacement amplitude and transmissibility indices, some properties of vibration isolation by single or multi-row of piles are analyzed. Influences of specific parameters such as scattering orders, separations between piles and pile rows, normalized frequencies, number of piles, etc. are investigated. Several instructive results are derived and recommended for designing piles as barriers for environmental vibration isolation.