夷平面与砂金矿

前第四纪准平原化阶段形成了含金风化壳和含金砂砾层.侵蚀基准面下降引起的侵蚀回春,使古含金地质体遭受侵蚀、搬运后,沉积在第四纪河谷中形成了新砂矿.这种夷平面的切割深度超过100m时,有利于新砂矿的形成.     

从自生黄铁矿的分布规律和相关因素探讨北黄海西部海域的沉积环境

自生黄铁矿是在介质处于还原条件下形成的。它是一种能够反映沉积环境的重要指示矿物。研究现代海洋沉积物中自生黄铁矿的形成作用、分布规律和相关因素,对于探讨现代乃至古地质时期的某一海域的沉积环境具有重要意义。通过对我国北黄海沉积物中的重矿物分析,发现所含的自生黄铁矿主要富集在西部海域的成烟渔场一带,说明那里的沉积环境有着自己的特殊性。为此,本文试图从北黄海沉积物中自生黄     

中国大连地区发现含稀土和贵金属矿物组合的新元古界变泥岩

论述一种非常窂见的轻微变质的新元界变泥岩,其中含有碎屑的和自生-成岩的独居石和磷钇矿颗粒以及自然金、锇-铱、铱、锌金属等;还有锆石、金红石,磷灰石、钛铁矿、赤铁矿等重矿物,并伴生少量黄铜矿、斑铜矿、方铅矿等硫化矿物。该变泥岩产于大连金石滩,属于新元古界震旦系十三里台组,是由红色叠层石灰岩和绿色变泥岩互层组成。按照岩石的结构、构造和沉积相标志分析,其沉积环境属于碳酸盐近岸礁滩平原地带的局限盆地,其封闭区域内还原和氧化的化学环境交替出现,细小的碎屑独居石、磷钇矿颗粒以及自然金、锇-铱、铱、锌金属等伴生出现,创造了有利于稀土元素矿物分解和再沉积,在同生沉积和成岩阶段中形成了自生独居石（“人形的”、“鸟形的”）和磷钇矿（“猫形的“）。然而贵金属矿物都是碎屑成因的,至于黄铜矿、斑铜矿方铅矿以及锌金属微细脉有可能与后期的流体矿化活动有关。本文认为华北地台的元古宙地层含有较丰富的稀土元素和贵金属,是新元古界变泥岩中所含稀土元素矿物和贵金属的原始来源地。此外,还讨论了独居石和磷钇矿的SHRIMP测年问题。     

钱家店铀矿田草莓状黄铁矿特征及其地质意义

钱家店铀矿田主要赋矿层位为青山口组、姚家组原生红杂色岩系,目前关于其内部灰色砂体沉积期的原生氧化还原性仍存在较大分歧,直接影响了区内找矿部署,而草莓状黄铁矿对沉积岩形成的古环境具有重要指示作用。文章通过系统研究青山口组和姚家组灰色砂体内草莓状黄铁矿的赋存、硫同位素、粒径等特征,首次利用其粒径特征反演目标层位沉积-成岩期水体的古氧化还原条件,进而探讨其对铀成矿的意义。结果表明,钱家店铀矿田灰色砂体中草莓状黄铁矿主要形成于沉积-成岩期,全岩δ34S值为-37.5‰～-23.4‰,为低温微生物还原作用成因。姚家组、青山口组的草莓状黄铁矿粒径分布范围分别为1.6～28.0μm、0.8～52.0μm,平均粒径分别为8.0μm、9.3μm,最大粒径分别为28.0μm、52.0μm,粒径大于10μm的颗粒分别占21.8%、28.3%,表现出姚家组草莓状黄铁矿粒径整体较青山口组小,青山口组具较广的分布范围,但两者具有相似的粒径统计学分布规律。综合草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径对标准偏差和偏态系数二元图解表明,含矿目标层沉积时古水体为次氧化环境,这是目前含矿层不发育翼部矿体和具有“两红夹一灰”纵向氧化还原分带的主...     

杭州湾附近海域三个海底柱状岩芯重矿物分布与组成

对东海沿岸陆架CJ08-630、CJ08-923、CJ08-1185三个柱状岩心56个重矿物样品63-125μm粒级重矿物的研究表明,重矿物种类有56种,最高含量可达53.1%;平均含量较低,为8.5%,;矿物组成以闪石类、帘石类、辉石类、片状矿物、自生黄铁矿及金属矿物磁铁矿、褐铁矿等等为主.重矿物来源复杂多样,包括陆源、自生等各种来源的矿物.其中沿岸河流输入物是主要陆源矿物来源;此外还有沿岸和岛屿等的剥蚀物、冲刷物.沉积环境是影响重矿物分布的主要因素.     

前寒武纪沉积岩中自生独居石的发现及其意义

由于受到葛家屯组中发现自生方铅矿的启发 ,首次于大连前寒武纪震旦系十三里台组泥岩中发现了自生独居石 ,这一发现为在中国北方前寒武纪沉积岩中寻找自生独居石提供了重要的线索。它为进一步探索 U、Th- Pb同位素测年拓展了新的研究领域和提供了可能性。本文列举了中国北方前寒武纪沉积岩中 Ce元素异常以及 REE较高的例证 ,认为上述地区都有可能发现自生独居石。同时介绍了最近又在北京十三陵中元古代的常州沟组和串岭沟组所发现自生独居石的新资料。研究表明 ,自生独居石的电子探针扫描形态 ,与岩浆岩、变质岩及砂矿中截然不同。在地质年代分布上 ,元古宙 REE相对丰度较高 ,特别是 L REE较高的泥质岩多数来自古陆壳上。资料对比结果显示 :在 L a+Ce+Nd、Yb+Y、Sm+Gd+Dy三角图中 ,北京十三陵元古宙泥质岩、大连震旦系十三里台组泥岩和辽南 -辽西中元古代泥质岩都属于近古陆的沉积类型。首次提出 ,中国北方元古宙沉积与南方震旦系磷块岩沉积环境存在明显的不同并反映在三角图中 ,前者离 L a+Ce+Nd端点近 ,而后者由于成因上属于洋流上升沉积物而远离该端点。按照大连震旦系十三里台组沉积环境特点 ,自生独居石应为生物成矿作用的产物 ,含矿物泥岩形成于总体氧化环境中的局部还原亚环境中。基于此 ,建立了     

东海近岸大陆架海底柱状岩芯重矿物分布研究

对东海沿岸陆架CJ08-630,CJ08-923,CJ08-1185三个柱状岩心56个重矿物样品63～125 μm粒级重矿物的研究表明,重矿物种类有56种,最高含量可达53.1%;平均含量较低,为8.5%,;矿物组成以闪石类、帘石类、辉石类、片状矿物、自生黄铁矿及金属矿物磁铁矿、褐铁矿等等为主.重矿物来源复杂多样,包括陆源、火山、自生等各种来源的矿物.其中沿岸河流输入物是主要陆源矿物来源;此外还有沿岸和岛屿等的剥蚀物、冲刷物.沉积环境是影响重矿物分布的主要因素.     

库车坳陷羊塔4井岩屑钾盐矿化层特征及资源量预测

通过库车坳陷羊塔4井盐岩岩屑含钾异常特征,参照钾盐矿一般工业指标,拟定了该井岩屑代表的矿化和工业矿层指标,然后对古近系库姆格列木群(E1-2k)含钾盐层进行划分,共划分三个矿化段和四个钾盐矿层.矿化段累计厚度为50m,矿石KCl平均含量7.11%.预测钾石盐矿石远景资源量7.22亿t.羊塔4井钾盐矿层的发现,使塔里木盆地找钾工作取得突破性进展.     

塔中西北部上泥盆统东河砂岩与志留系砂岩中重砂矿物特征与地质意义

沉积物中重矿物分布受物源区、构造抬升与剥蚀作用、古地貌以及沉积古气候、古环境等多种因素影响,因此沉积重砂矿物的研究可应用于物源区、沉积环境的分析,阐明构造旋回与沉积作用的响应关系。本文通过对塔中地区中1井等6口探井上泥盆统东河砂岩和志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩中重砂矿物分析,提出了塔中东河砂岩重砂矿物主要来自稳定的基底再沉积及花岗岩来源,但受近源的基性火山岩及岩浆期后热液作用影响较大;志留系下砂岩重砂矿物主要来自下覆碳酸盐岩、花岗岩和搬运再沉积物,总体形成于稳定的、多物源的构造-沉积环境,物源方向可能是东南至西北方向。     

新矿物——滦河矿的研究

1981年,我们在河北省某砂金矿区的重砂找矿工作中发现了一个特殊的重砂矿物。经研究,此矿物是未曾发现过的新矿物,命名为滦河矿(Luanheite) 一、滦河矿的产状砂金矿区长25 km,宽200—400m,四级河漫滩发育。自然金主要见于混合砂砾层中。混合砂砾层含有70%的卵砾,20%的中粗粒砂,10%左右的粘土。砾石磨圆度较好;主要由     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.