我国大型稀土铌铁矿床中铈-钇-褐钇铌矿的发现

最近,我们在进行内蒙大型稀土铌铁矿床物质成份研究工作时,在人工重砂样品中,遇到一种褐黄色具油脂光泽的微细矿物。经电子探针分析,X光粉晶分析等工作后,我们认为它是褐钇铌矿族物的一个变种——Ce—Y—褐钇铌矿。此矿物在国内未见有人报导,系首次发现。与国外发现的同类矿物在产状上亦完全不同。 Ce—Y—褐钇铌矿赋存于铁矿层底部的白云石型铌、稀土矿石中。与铁白云石、钠闪石、磁铁矿、氟碳铈矿、易解石、钛铣矿、黄铁矿等件生。     

β—钕褐钇铌矿(Fergusonite-beta-Nd)

至今,吐界上已经发现的褐钇铌矿族矿物中仅有钛褐钇铌矿、铈褐钇铌矿、铈-钇-褐钇铌矿……等,而未见有矿物中稀土元素以钕为最富的单斜钕褐钇铌矿的报道^[1,4,5]。     

钠化和赤铁矿化蚀变对Zr和Nb-Be-REE矿化的指示意义:以内蒙古巴尔哲矿床为例

碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土金属矿床是Zr、Nb、Be及REE的重要来源，其成矿经历了多种交代和蚀变过程，但这些交代和蚀变与矿化的指示意义尚未明确。内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土矿床拥有世界级的Zr、Nb、Be及REE储量，发育强烈的钠质交代和赤铁矿化，是探讨上述问题的理想对象。显微岩相学、全岩主微量和钠铁闪石主微量元素分析表明，未蚀变界熔花岗岩贫Zr、Nb、Be和REE，钠铁闪石具有较高的REE含量和较低的Na含量。钠质交代界熔花岗岩均发生了赤铁矿化蚀变，主要发育雪球石英、钠锆石、兴安石、独居石、氟碳铈矿及Nb-Be-REE矿物假象。其主要特征为:全岩贫F和富Zr、Nb、Be和REE金属元素;钠铁闪石可见霓石化，钠铁闪石具有较低的REE含量和较高的Na含量，钠锆石原位分解再结晶为锆石-石英假象。仅赤铁矿化界熔花岗岩主要发育兴安石、独居石、氟碳铈矿及Nb-Be-REE矿物假象。其主要特征为:全岩富REE、Be，贫Zr、Nb金属元素;钠铁闪石被赤铁矿、铌铁矿等含铁氧化物交代，钠铁闪石具有较高的REE含量和较低的Na含量。界熔花岗岩钠质交代过程中，钠铁闪石发生霓石化释放Ba、Zr、Nb和部分RE...     

一种新产状的含铈褐钇铌矿

关于褐钇铌矿族的研究,国内外积累了不少资料。其主要产在黑云母花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩、微斜长石岩、交代变质岩、蚀变花岗岩、白岗岩及花岗岩的残坡积和冲积砂中。1979年我们在进行内蒙白云鄂博铌、稀土、铁矿床物质成分的研究时,在白云石型铌、稀土矿石中发现含铈褐钇铌矿,与该区原已发现的褐铈铌矿等矿物组成了褐钇铌矿-褐铈铌矿系列。     

白云鄂博褐钇铌矿族矿物的矿物化学与矿物演化

本文在大量矿物化学资料及高温XRD研究基础上提出了褐钇铌矿族矿物的分类命名方案,详细地研究了该族矿物的化学成分、稀土和特殊稀土组成及固溶关系。发现了M-钍褐铈铌矿、T-钛褐钕铌矿、M-钕褐铈铌矿以及T-钇褐钕铌矿等一批新变种矿物。确定了褐钇铌矿族矿物在时间和空间上的分异演化序列,并讨论了主稀土和特殊稀土在演化过程中的基本行为,首次提出了褐钇铌矿族矿物水解共沉淀形成机理新模式,并确认成矿流体多阶段演化过程中因介质物理化学条件不同,稀土元素配合物呈现的稳定性差异是本族矿物时空演化的根本原因。此外,本文还呼吁对白云鄂博西矿区铕等资源进行评介和开发。     

内蒙白云鄂博褐钇铌矿——褐铈铌矿亚族的初步研究

前言褐钇铌岩族矿物属于正铌钽酸盐矿物。矿物的化学组成可以用ABO_4的一般式来表示。在褐钇铌矿族物中存在着两个完全类质同象系列:一个是铌和钽形成的连续完全类质同象系列,即黄钇钽矿一褐钇铌矿亚族(ΣYTaO_4—ΣYNbO_4系列);另一个是钇族和铈族稀土连续完全类质同象系列,即是本文所要介绍的褐钇铌矿——褐铈铌矿亚族(ΣYNbO_4—ΣCaNbO_4系列)。     

多道能谱测量在冀东花岗岩型稀有金属矿勘查中的应用

冀东地区分布有众多燕山期花岗岩侵入体,具备良好的花岗岩型稀有金属矿成矿背景。为研究这些岩体的成矿前景,以该地区的汉儿庄花岗岩体为研究对象,开展多道能谱测量工作,分析了不同岩性放射性参数特征、放射性异常特征及与稀有金属成矿关系。研究表明,区内U、Th、总道计数异常明显,在二长花岗岩中的平均含量分别是全区背景值的9倍、8.5倍和3.9倍,异常场异常场展布特征与二长花岗岩的地表出露形态基本一致;结合岩石地球化学、人工重砂等成果,二长花岗岩全岩稀有金属矿化较好,岩石中含有大量褐钇铌矿、独居石等含U、Th、 Hf矿物,这些矿物与Nb、Ta、Rb等稀有金属矿物存在共生关系。依据异常场分布及钍钾、钍铀、铀钾比值等参数的特征可直接圈出稀有金属矿化有利地段,指导探矿工程的布置。该方法的有效实施,为今后在花岗岩地区开展稀有金属矿勘查提供了一种便捷、高效、廉价的手段。     

内蒙白云鄂博西矿褐钇铌矿-褐铈铌矿族矿物的初步研究

最近,通过对内蒙白云鄂博西矿物质成份的研究,在岩心人工重砂样品中发现了褐铈铌矿、褐钇铌矿及其中间变种钇褐铈铌矿。 褐钇铌矿-褐铈铌矿族矿物的组合特征,是白云鄂博矿区所特有的。1964年在该矿区东部接触带发现了与硅镁石、金云母、铈磷灰石、方解石及烧绿石等共生的褐铈铌矿。这次钇褐铈铌矿的发现,在我国尚属首次。 本族矿物Nb_2O_5的含量高达40％以上,仅低于铌铁矿、铌钙矿、烧绿石等少数几种富铌矿     

黑龙江某碱长花岗岩型铌矿石工艺矿物学研究

通过化学分析、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、矿物自动定量分析系统(AMICS)等多种测试方法,对某碱长花岗岩型铌矿石的化学成分、矿物组成、结构构造、嵌布特征及铌的赋存状态进行详细研究。结果表明:该矿石中Nb_2O_5品位为0.094%,主要铌矿物为褐钇铌矿、黑稀金矿-复稀金矿,其矿物含量分别为0.07%和0.14%,褐钇铌矿粒径一般为0.01mm～0.02mm,黑稀金矿-复稀金矿粒径一般为0.01mm～0.03mm;铌矿物与伴生矿物的嵌布关系复杂,单体解离难度大,磨矿细度在-200目占87.21%,褐钇铌矿和黑稀金矿-复稀金矿单体解离度分别为57.17%和37.03%,主要与石英、正长石、钠长石、云母、金红石共生。铌元素主要有两种赋存形式,一是以独立矿物的形式存在,主要形成褐钇铌矿、黑稀金矿-复稀金矿和易解石,在独立矿物中铌元素的总分布率为90.69%;二是以类型同象的形式赋存于金红石、云母、锆石及锡石等矿物中,而以分散状态分布的铌元素所占分布率为9.31%。根据矿石的结构构造及赋存特征,推荐采用重选-磁选-浮选-湿法冶金流程实现铌矿物的回收,达到资源综合利用的目的。     

白云鄂博铁矿西矿区铌物相分析方法的研究

白云鄂博铁矿是我国含有稀土、铌等元素的大型综合性矿床,矿物组成复杂,已发现的各种矿物达100多种。其中铌以独立矿物形式存在的有易解石类、烧绿石、铌铁矿、钛铁金红石、褐钇铌矿、铌钙矿、包头矿等十多种;同时还存在含铌矿物,钛铁矿等;此外,还有少量铌分散于脉石矿物中,主要分散在萤石,赤(褐)铁矿、磁铁矿、稀土氟碳酸盐矿物、独居石、钠闪石、云母等矿物中。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861