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固体径迹探测技术在环境氡监测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对醋酸纤维素和CR-39探测器进行比较研究,在确定两种探测器的蚀刻条件和改进径迹计数方法的基础上,对CR-39探测器进行刻度,刻度系数为0.035 Tc/cm2/Bq.h/m3。应用固体径迹测氡方法对安阳地区和成都市室内外氡浓度进行测量,结果表明安阳地区室内外氡浓度范围在13.0 Bq/m3~54.2 Bq/m3之间,成都市室内外氡浓度范围14.1 Bq/m3~43.2 Bq/m3之间,低于GB/t16146-1995规定的氡浓度标准。监测过程发现,装饰地板材料是影响室内氡浓度的一个主要因素,水泥厂、钢铁厂等工业污染是影响室外氡浓度水平的重要因素。 相似文献
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居住环境中的高氡浓度会影响居民的身体健康,近年来,住宅中氡水平的调查已引起广泛重视。本文通过几个地区的几组实测结果,介绍了印度居住环境中氡水平的调查与评价。 相似文献
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综合相关文献研究,通过工程实例介绍土壤中氡气浓度的检测方法,对检测结果进行统计学分析,根据分析结果探讨不同土壤中氡浓度差异及其影响因素。结果显示:土壤孔隙度是影响土壤中氡气浓度的关键因素。不同类型的表层土壤,孔隙度不同,所含氡气浓度也不同。当表层土壤为房渣土、填土时,土质夯实,孔隙率低,氡浓度含量较低;表层土壤为粉土、粉质粘土时,土质较均匀,土层较疏松,孔隙度略大,土壤氡浓度大于前者;表层土壤为粉砂、细砂时,土层更为疏松,土壤中孔隙度再次增大,氡在土壤中有大量的存储空间,所含的氡浓度最大。因此,土壤的孔隙度大小影响氡从地下向地表渗透析出的难易程度,孔隙度越大氡越容易渗透其中,浓度就越高。 相似文献
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蓟县山前土壤氡浓度与断裂和地热关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者通过对天津蓟县山前地段土壤氡浓度的测量,对土壤氡-断裂-地热三者关系进行了研究,判明了这三者之间的物理相关性和形成机理的内在联系,其主要结论是:氡浓度异常与断裂构造的走向、地热异常的范围具有一致性,且氡浓度异常与地热异常具有正相关性;地下水的运移是产生氡浓度异常及地热异常的充分条件,构造破碎带是导通和富集氡浓度异常及地热异常的必要条件.在不同的构造单元中,可产生不同的热储类型.本方法可以确定地热资源的勘查方向,为地热资源的开发利用提供旁证依据. 相似文献
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为了解不同地质背景条件室内氡浓度水平,采用脉冲电离室测氡仪AlphaGUARD测量了北京广东不同地质背景典型测点的室内氡浓度,同时对广东某一测点进行了长期的室内氡监测。测量和研究结果表明:地表岩性是影响室内氡浓度高低的重要因素之一。地处花岗岩地区的建筑物内氡浓度高于其他岩性地区的室内氡浓度,广东室内氡水平明显高于北京地区,广东北京花岗岩地区的平均室内氡浓度分别为69.98 Bq/m^3和43.97 Bq/m^3,第四系覆盖地区的平均室内氡浓度分别为43.60 Bq/m^3和35.74 Bq/m^3。民用住宅卧室内的室内氡浓度略高于公共建筑物办公室内的室内氡浓度。因此,结合地质背景研究室内氡的水平与分布对指导开展室内氡调查中确定抽样方案、选择测点及进行区域尺度室内氡评价有重要的实用价值。 相似文献
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It has been established that radon and its airborne decay products can present serious radiation hazards. A long term exposure
to high concentration of radon causes lung cancer. Besides, it is also known that out of the total radiation dose received
from natural and man-made sources, 60% of the dose is due to radon and its progeny. Taking this into account, an attempt has
been made to estimate radon concentration in dwellings in and around Guwahati using aluminium dosimeter cups with CR-39 plastic
detectors. Results of preliminary investigation presented in this paper show that the mean concentration is 21.31 Bq m − 3. 相似文献
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为了保证我国氡填图方法研究中关键参数土壤氡浓度测量结果的准确性和可靠性,笔者所在的实验室作为首次参加氡国际比对的中国组织,参加了2010年在捷克举行的3个氡参考点Cetyně、Bohostice和Buk现场测量国际比对。经T-学生分布检验,当显著性水平α=1%时,本实验室在氡参考点上45个测点的实测土壤氡浓度值cA与全部比对测量参加者的CA(2000年以来该参考点全部组织的平均值)数据有很好的一致性;3个参考点的平均氡浓度与自2000年以来在这些氡参考点进行试验的所有成功组织(N=180)提交数据形成的数据库中的数据高度一致,总相对误差小于6%。该成果表明本实验室的土壤氡测量技术已达国际相应水平。通过本次氡国际比对,发现了我国土壤氡测量中仪器校准、土壤气体采样技术等方面存在的问题,建议系统开展土壤氡测量方法及其技术规范等研究。 相似文献
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S. Tung J. K. C. Leung J. J. Jiao J. Wiegand W. Wartenberg 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(3):679-689
Radon and its progenies have been ranked second of being responsible for lung cancer in humans. Hong Kong has four major groups of uranium-rich plutonic and volcanic rocks and is suffering from radon emanated therefrom. However, there is a lack of radon potential maps in Hong Kong to resolve the spatial distribution of radon-prone areas. A ten-point radon potential system was developed in Germany (2005) to predict radon potential using both the in situ geogenic and geographic parameters under hierarchical ranking. Primarily, the ten-point system requires the desk study of the geological environment of sampling sites, which has an advantage of saving resources and manpower in extensive radon potential mapping over the traditional soil radon concentration sampling method. This paper presents a trial of radon potential mapping in Hong Kong to further verify the system. Despite some slight departures, the system demonstrates an acceptable correlation with soil radon concentrations (R 2 = 0.62–0.66) from 768 samples of mainly intermediate radon potential. Hong Kong has a mean soil radon concentrations of 58.9 kBqm?3, while the radon potential from the ten-point system achieves an average of 4.93 out of 10 over the territory. The vicinity of fault zone showed high soil radon concentrations and potentials, which were conducive to uranium enrichment and rapid soil-gas diffusion near faults. High uranium-238 content in soil was found to cause high soil radon concentration with a large R 2, 0.84. The Jurassic granite and volcanic crystal tuff cover more than 85 % of the whole Hong Kong area, and they show relatively high radon concentrations (Geometric mean 83 and 49 kBqm?3, respectively) which are associated with their high uranium contents (Geometric mean 234 and 197 Bqkg?1, respectively). While indoor radon concentration is an important factor for radon risk assessment, this study has not considered the correlation between indoor radon concentration and radon potential. The reason is that almost all buildings in Hong Kong are high-rise buildings where indoor radon concentrations are governed only by the radium content in the building materials and the ventilation conditions. 相似文献
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The relationship of soil gas radon Rn222 and indoor radon was studied within the Quaternary fluvial sediments of the Czech Republic. The processing of data selection
from the radon database of the Czech Geological Survey and indoor radon data (database of the National Radiation Protection
institute) has proved the concentration dependence of radon in Quaternary fluvial sediments on deeper bedrock. The ArcGIS
processing was accompanied by the field verification in five profiles, intersecting the granitoid Central Bohemian Plutonic
Complex and its rim rock types. Both theoretical and experimental results show dependence of soil gas radon and indoor radon
concentrations in Quaternary fluvial sediments on deeper geological basement, thus leading to the conclusion that the lateral
transport of Quaternary sediments does not play such a dominant role in radon concentrations, as was thought previously. This
fact will enable to determine precisely the radon index of Quaternary sediments (in the Czech radon mapping classified as
an intermediate index) into three categories according to the lithology of their geological basement. 相似文献
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氡气异常解释方法的初步探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在铀矿勘探中,根据氡气异常计算矿体埋深的工作是十分重要的。本文从运用测氡及其子体的方法寻找深部铀矿的事实出发,探讨了氡气运移的方式及其可能分布的模式,并对M.M.索科洛夫的实验结果进行了初步的理论讨论。同时,对根据氡气异常计算矿体埋深的解释问题进行了探索性的研究。本文所提出的方法,在一定的地质条件下,原则上适用于各种放射性测量异常的解释方法。实践表明,本法在矿床勘探工作中能提供关于矿体的某些参数(埋深和产状),有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
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Radon concentrations in high background radiation areas in the south are higher than those of others in China, especially ^220Rn concentration is significantly high. Therefore, measurements of ^222Rn and ^220Rn concentrations should be carried out there. This paper introduces a large size collector of radon progeny and its applications. The collector is a sheet of polyvinyl chloride fiber with electrostatics of (-500 V)-(-700 V). Its size (60 mm in diameter) is larger than those of others (26 mm in diameter) that work with the same principle. The collector is more effective to adsorb radon progeny than most of others. The equipment of ZnS(Ag) Scintillation Counting System is available for large size collectors to detect radon progeny. Therefore, its sensitivity of measurement is higher than that of others. According to the different half lives of radon progeny, and based on both theory and experiments, a formula for discrimination and calculation of ^222Rn and ^220Rn concentrations is deduced. The ^222Rn and ^220Rn concentrations were surveyed with electrostatic collectors of radon progeny on the campus of commercial school and some other areas in Hainan, southern China. Neither ^222Rn nor ^220Rn concentration was found significantly high. However, several faults underground were delineated. The collector is also used to study radon transportation. Results indicate that radon changes regularly with date when it has transported for a certain distance. Velocities of radon migration in the four media are quite different. Radon migrates more quickly in vertical tube than in the horizontal tube. 相似文献
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K Charan Kumar T Rajendra Prasad M Venkat Ratnam Kamsali Nagaraja 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(7):1391-1397
Analysis of one year measurements of in situ radon (222Rn) and its progenies along with surface air temperature, relative humidity and pressure near to the Earth’s surface has been carried out for the first time at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL, 13.5°N and 79.2°E) located in a rural site in Gadanki, south India. The dataset was analysed to understand the behaviour of radon in relation to the surface air temperature and relative humidity at a rural site. It was observed that over a period of the 24 hours in a day, the activity of radon and its progenies reaches a peak in the morning hours followed by a remarkable decrease in the afternoon hours. Relatively, a higher concentration of radon was observed at NARL during fair weather days, and this can be attributed to the presence of rocky hills and dense vegetation surrounding the site. The high negative correlation between surface air temperature and activity of radon (R = – 0.70, on an annual scale) suggests that dynamical removal of radon due to increased vertical mixing is one of the most important controlling processes of the radon accumulation in the atmospheric surface layer. The annual averaged activity of radon was found to be 12.01±0.66 Bq m?3 and 4.25±0.18 Bq m?3 for its progenies, in the study period. 相似文献