位场广义线性综合反演系统的建立

以BG理论为基础,首先在重磁异常线性反演中将该理论与吉洪诺夫正则化方法相结合求解地下密度源(或磁源)分布及质心(或磁质心)位置;在重磁非线性反演中结合应用正则化方法和马奎特思想给出一种确定地下密度(或磁性)界面的稳定迭代算法:正则—马奎特法其次研究一种综合多和磁两种异常联合反演既是磁界面也是密度界面的方法。最后,以判断重磁异常是否同源的对应分析为先导,将上述方法综合于一起建立了重磁异常广义线性人机交互式综合反演系统。实际地区的应用已取得较好效果。     

基于遗传算法的磁异常反演

遗传算法是模拟自然界生物进化思想所得到的一种全局非线性最优化算法,该算法可有效地避免局部最优解。这里介绍遗传算法的原理以及基于其算法的磁异常反演算例,对不同迭代次数所得理论模型反演的磁性体空间位置与磁性等参数的相对误差进行了对比。据此,对四川会理黎溪地区某磁铁矿区外围8号剖面上实测△T磁异常进行遗传算法,并迭代拟合反演,求其反问题,获得了与后续工程揭露及磁性测定结果相吻合的结果。     

利用迭代反演方法解决变磁性磁界面反演问题

南海地层岩石磁性在横向上呈现较大差异,而目前常用的磁界面反演方法多是针对常磁性磁界面进行的,若直接将其应用于南海这样磁性差异较大的地区,则反演结果中必定会带进很大误差。通过引入滑动时窗,对较常用的磁界面迭代反演方法进行研究和改进,获取适用于变磁性磁界面深度反演的方法,提供了一个可用于解决此种情况的方法手段。     

用有限元法计算非均匀磁化磁性体(二度)的有效磁化强度和磁异常

前言本文提出用有限元法根据外部磁化埸条件和已控制的磁性体形态及磁化率参数计算磁性体内部的有效磁化强度及其在外部空间引起的磁异常.方法实质是求解偏微分方程边值问题的数值解.因为未引入均匀磁化等近似假定,所得到的解能满足磁性体内外的微分方程和边界条件及分界面条件(在数值计算允许的精度范围内),所以这种解包含了磁性体复杂形状引起的退磁影响、剩余磁化对感应磁化的影响、多个磁性体相互间的磁作用以及磁化率分布不均匀的影响.这种方法适用于非均匀磁化条件下的正演计算,为精确计算有效磁化强度提供了一种新途径,可以提高磁异常计算的精确度.     

基于结构模型的磁性基底反演

常规磁性基底反演方法往往忽略基底磁性变化采用常磁化强度模型,这里分析了其中的局限性,提出了先构建相关搜索重磁三维定量反演技术的变磁化强度模型,然后通过Parker界面反演算法进行基底反演.其中,对反演磁化强度所需磁异常分离采用了小波变换方法,并分析了该方法的关键技术和措施.通过利用该方法对某工区进行了实际资料处理后,得到较好效果.     

井中磁测确定顺层磁化二度板状体延深的一种方法

前言磁性体的下界面离地面较远,借助地面或航空磁测结果来确定磁性体的下延比较困难,而井中磁测却不然。在井中测量磁场时,因为磁性体离观测点较近,所以磁性体深部界面的影响对井中磁测结果一定会有明显的反映。井中磁测不仅便于发现盲矿体,而且还能够确定磁性体的下延。     

由磁测资料推算磁性界面的矩阵解法

一、引言 由磁测资料推算出其下部的磁性界面起伏情况的工作,对于区域及地壳构造的研究来说是很有意义的。反演磁性界面可以由不同的途径来实现。本文所介绍的方法是在二度结构的单界面均匀磁化情况下,对磁测资料用矩阵的解法来推算出磁性界面的起伏情况。     

基于预优共轭梯度的磁化强度反演方法及应用

基于预优共轭梯度算法的反演方法在求解磁化强度大规模欠定线性方程组时可以改善方程组的条件数,并提高算法的纵向分辨率。该方法对磁性体形状无要求,且收敛速度快、稳定性好,能较直观地反映磁性体特征。本文通过理论模型试验结果分析证明了基于预优共轭梯度的磁化强度反演方法的稳定可靠性,北衙铁金矿区万硐山矿段L32线磁异常反演结果表明了该方法应用于实际资料处理与解释的有效性和可靠性。     

相山火山盆地磁性结构分布特征

以相山地区大比例尺重磁测量结果为基础,建立正演计算模型,采用模拟退火算法,反演计算了相山盆地不同深度下的物性结构分布特征,对该盆地地下岩层结构及界面变化趋势进行了半定量和定性分析;盆地深部构造岩浆活动发育,局部地段次火山岩体具向下延深和扩大的趋势;西北面磁性界面变化较复杂,磁性岩体的埋深均小于800 m;东南面磁性界面变化相对较平缓,磁性岩体的埋深均大于800 m;盆地中有多个岩浆通道,后期构造岩浆活动主要发生在盆地西南侧、南侧以及东侧,这可能是导致北西侧铀富集成矿好于这些部位的主要原因,受构造影响,盆地中部及西北部,磁性基底呈块状分布.这对指导相山的攻深找盲工作有重要意义.     

二维磁异常的粒子群快速成像方法及其应用

通过将地下介质划分为一定规模的网格单元,并构造一个与磁性体中心网格位置有关的指数函数模拟地下介质磁性分布特征,利用粒子群算法反演该函数参数,根据求得的函数表达式,推算各网格单元磁化强度,由此实现磁化强度的快速成像。理论模型试验显示:该方法不仅能将一个求解20×10网格规模的物性分布问题简化为求解指数函数的10个参数值的问题;而且,当在不同模型地质体磁异常中加入20%的随机噪声时,也能取得理想的效果,且需要调整的参数少,算法通用性强。利用该算法处理老挝爬立山铁矿区某磁测剖面,得到厚度近140 m的强磁性体;钻孔证实,实际钻遇矿体累积最大厚度达130.6 m,且矿体中心与成像中心相对应:由此证明该方法应用于实际资料处理与解释的可行性和有效性。     

弹塑性无厚度接触面单元的本构积分算法及验证

对基于理想弹塑性理论框架、屈服准则为Mohr-Coulomb准则、采用非关联流动法则的无厚度接触面单元的本构积分算法进行了探讨,引入非关联的伪屈服函数和伪势函数,提出了将超出屈服面、处于角点应力区的试应力双向返回到屈服面的本构积分算法。据此编制了ABAQUS用户单元子程序,进行了算例验证。结果表明,提出的算法可以较好地实现土与结构物共同作用的有限元数值模拟。     

非线性破坏准则与岩土材料地基承载力研究

根据线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,前人运用极限平衡法、滑移线理论或极限分析等方法求解地基承载力问题,但实际上岩土在剪切破坏过程中破坏准则具有非线性。因此,为了研究非线性破坏准则对地基承载力的影响,基于上限定理,通过“切线法”引进变量,根据能量耗散情况,将承载力问题转变为非线性规划问题,运用“序列二次规划算法”求出地基承载力的最优解。数值计算结果表明,当非线性破坏准则转变为线性破坏准则时,非线性参数对地基承载力有重要影响。     

A method of time-dependent analysis using elastic solutions for nonlinear materials

The formulation of viscoelastic solutions from elastic equations using the ‘correspondence principle’ and an inverse Laplace transform has been discussed extensively in the literature. Because this method has been developed, many time-dependent solutions can be obtained from closed form elastic solutions and conditions have been delineated in which the ‘quasi-elastic’ approximation of the viscoelastic solution is within acceptable tolerance. This communication shows the feasibility of the application of these methods to formulate approximate nonlinear viscoelastic solutions with nonlinear stress-strain materials, and for want of a specific nonlinear model to demonstrate this, the hyperbolic model was selected. The ‘power law’ is used to model the relaxation modulus of the viscoelastic materials. There are five related development that are discussed here using a simple numerical example to illustrate each of them and they are: (1) a linear elastic solution, (2) a linear viscoelastic solution, (3) a nonlinear elastic solution, (4) a nonlinear viscoelastic solution and finally, (5) a ‘regression’ approximation of the nonlinear viscoelastic solution which is suggested by the series form of the elastic solution. All of these are related to one another and each provides an acceptably accurate solution of the problem it addresses. The latter is of particular practical interest since it can be used to provide answers to problems involving nonlinear viscoelastic materials while requiring only very small calculation times. The problem used as an example is the calculation of the displacement of a circular hole in an infinite plate made of a material with a nonlinear time-dependent stress-strain relationship. The nonlinear elastic form of the solution was developed by matching results from nonlinear finite element analysis.     

VC++调用Matlab实现三维欧拉反褶积运算

磁性地质界面的反演是地球物理勘探的重要方法之一。这里介绍了在V isual C 6.0调用Matlab engine的详细步骤,实现了以VC为主界面,调用Matlab反演磁性界面的三维欧拉算法,并应用到不同延深的单体模型和多体模型实验中。结果表明,程序的开发周期和工作量大为缩短,复杂分布的磁性体也可用该方法确定水平位置和深度。该程序为开发地球物理分析软件提供了一条高可靠性、低开发周期的有效途径。     

GEMSFIT: a generic fitting tool for geochemical activity models

GEMSFIT, a parallelized open-source tool for fitting thermodynamic activity models has been developed. It is the first open-source implementation of a generic geochemical-thermodynamic fitting tool coupled to a chemical equilibrium solver which uses the direct Gibbs energy minimization (GEM) approach. This enables speciation-based fitting of complex solution systems such as solid solutions and mixed solvents. The extendable framework of GEMSFIT provides a generic interface for fitting geochemical activity models at varying system compositions, temperatures and pressures. GEMSFIT provides the most common tools for statistical analysis which allow thorough evaluation of the fitted parameters. The program can receive input of measured data from a PostgreSQL database server or exported spreadsheets. The fitting tool allows for bound, linear, and nonlinear (in)equality-constrained minimization of weighted squared residuals of highly nonlinear systems over a wide temperature and pressure interval only limited by user-supplied thermodynamic data. Results from parameter regression as well as from statistical analysis can be visualized and directly printed to various graphical formats. Efficient use of the code is facilitated by a graphical user interface which assists in setting up GEMSFIT input files. The usage and resulting output of GEMSFIT is demonstrated by results from parameter regression of the extended universal quasichemical aqueous activity model for geothermal brines.     

大位移井悬链线剖面设计的数值计算

悬链线剖面是大位移井轨道的经典类型,在进行设计时需要求解一个以悬链线初始井斜角为未知数的非线性方程。由于未知数包含在多个三角函数和对数函数中,计算工作量较大,而且常用的迭代求解方法存在一些问题。通过数学变换将该方程转换成一个只包含对数函数和多项式函数的新方程,对新方程的函数性态做了几何分析,进而提出了寻找求解区间的步长搜索算法和自适应步长搜索算法。利用二分法在求解区间上能够快速求出新方程的数值解。利用大位移井设计实例验证了本文算法的有效性,并对圆弧井段井眼曲率与方程解的关系进行了讨论。本文提出的算法可用于大位移井轨道设计的计算机软件开发中。     

Kriging without negative weights

Under a constant drift, the linear kriging estimator is considered as a weighted average ofn available sample values. Kriging weights are determined such that the estimator is unbiased and optimal. To meet these requirements, negative kriging weights are sometimes found. Use of negative weights can produce negative block grades, which makes no practical sense. In some applications, all kriging weights may be required to be nonnegative. In this paper, a derivation of a set of nonlinear equations with the nonnegative constraint is presented. A numerical algorithm also is developed for the solution of the new set of kriging equations.     

Ordering-based nonlinear solver for fully-implicit simulation of three-phase flow

The Fully Implicit Method (FIM) is often the method of choice for the temporal discretization of the partial differential equations governing multiphase flow in porous media. The FIM involves solving large coupled systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. Newton-based methods, which are employed to solve the nonlinear systems, can suffer from convergence problems—this is especially true for large time steps in the presence of highly nonlinear flow physics. To overcome such convergence problems, the time step is usually reduced, and the Newton steps are restarted from the solution of the previous (converged) time step. Recently, potential ordering and the reduced-Newton method were used to solve immiscible three-phase flow in the presence of buoyancy and capillary effects (e.g., Kwok and Tchelepi, J. Comput. Phys. 227(1), 706–727 9). Here, we improve the robustness of the potential-based ordering method in the presence of gravity. Furthermore, we also extend this nonlinear approach to interphase mass transfer. Our algorithm deals effectively with mass transfer between the liquid and gas phases, including phase disappearance (e.g., gas going back in solution) and reappearance (e.g., gas coming out of solution and forming a separate phase), as a function of pressure and composition. Detailed comparisons of the robustness and efficiency of the potential-based solver with state-of-the-art nonlinear/linear solvers are presented for immiscible two-phase (Dead-Oil), Black-Oil, and compositional problems using heterogeneous models. The results show that for large time steps, our nonlinear ordering-based solver reduces the number of nonlinear iterations significantly, which leads to gains in the overall computational cost.     

Ordering-based nonlinear solver for fully-implicit simulation of three-phase flow

The Fully Implicit method (FIM) is often the method of choice for the temporal discretization of the partial differential equations governing multiphase flow in porous media. The FIM involves solving large coupled systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. Newton-based methods, which are employed to solve the nonlinear systems, can suffer from convergence problems—this is especially true for large time steps in the presence of highly nonlinear flow physics. To overcome such convergence problems, the time step is usually reduced, and the Newton steps are restarted from the solution of the previous (converged) time step. Recently, potential ordering and the reduced-Newton method were used to solve immiscible three-phase flow in the presence of buoyancy and capillary effects (e.g., Kwok and Tchelepi, J. Comput. Phys. 227(1), 706–727 2007). Here, we improve the robustness of the potential-based ordering method in the presence of gravity. Furthermore, we also extend this nonlinear approach to interphase mass transfer. Our algorithm deals effectively with mass transfer between the liquid and gas phases, including phase disappearance (e.g., gas going back in solution) and reappearance (e.g., gas coming out of solution and forming a separate phase), as a function of pressure and composition. Detailed comparisons of the robustness and efficiency of the potential-based solver with state-of-the-art nonlinear/linear solvers are presented for immiscible two-phase (Dead-Oil), Black-Oil, and compositional problems using heterogeneous models. The results show that for large time steps, our nonlinear ordering-based solver reduces the number of nonlinear iterations significantly, which leads to gains in the overall computational cost.     

用非线性遗传反演方法进行自动静校正

静校正处理是消除近地层影响的一个重要地震资料数字处理方法，在近地表层纵，横向变化复杂，静校正量变化较大的地区，常规静校正方法和线性反演方法均不能解决问题，遗传算法是近年发展起来的一种模拟生物生化过程的较先进的非线性反演方法，对用遗传算法进行静校正的若干问题进行了讨论，说明它是可以解决表层情况复杂地区静校正问题的一个有效方法。