孙氏新铺龙（爬行纲：海龙目一新幼年个体研究

新铺龙是产于我国西南地区的海龙目的一个属,最早发现于贵州省关岭晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组地层。虽然新铺龙材料众多,但其未成年个体骨骼学特征及个体发育模式并未被详细地记述。笔者等报道了一个保存完好的孙氏新铺龙未成年标本,是目前发现最小的完整的孙氏新铺龙个体,标本产自贵州省关岭县新铺乡。依据其体长小于正型标本的一半,头骨长度和躯干比值大,头骨骨缝清晰等特征,判断该标本为孙氏新铺龙的幼年个体。新标本补充了孙氏新铺龙幼年个体的形态学信息,如上颞骨内侧突短于外侧突,翼骨无牙齿发育,神经弓与椎体未融合,尺骨两端微凸,五边形坐骨等。此外,结合已发表的新铺龙标本数据进行统计分析发现,该物种吻部相对头部呈负异速生长,证明了吻部占头骨比例的大小属于新铺龙种内个体发育差异,而并非之前所认为的新铺龙种间差异。     

孙氏新铺龙头骨再研究

本文在进一步修理正模标本的基础上，结合另一完整、近立体的头骨新材料对孙氏新铺龙（Xinpusaurus suni)作深入研究，较详细地描述了孙氏新龙头骨主要骨骼要素的特征及其相互关系，进一步完善了孙氏新铺龙的骨骼特征，并明确其分类位置。     

贵州关岭三叠纪海龙类化石一新种

描述了采自贵州省关岭巴毛林小凹组的海龙类(新铺龙属)化石，并确定其为一新种———Xinpusaurus bamao-linensis sp.nov.。头骨和下颌骨受到背腹向挤压，且有少许错位。各骨块形状、接触关系等方面与孙氏新铺龙都极为相似，所以认为其与孙氏新铺龙同为新铺龙属。但又以其特长的吻部(吻长是头长之半)、外鼻孔由鼻骨和上领骨围成、较短的齿骨(占下颌长度的47．2％)和非常靠后的顶孔等为特点与Xinpusaurus suni相区别。     

临夏盆地晚新近纪山西犀头骨新材料及其生存环境

文章记述了甘肃临夏盆地晚新近纪林氏山西犀(Shansirhinus ringstroemi)3件未成年个体的头骨发育特征,主要表现在:顶嵴至迟在幼年个体出现,此时两侧顶嵴远远分开,其间的骨表面隆突;3件未成年头骨的项嵴后缘均是平直的;鼓后突与关节后突的接触出现于初生期;头骨顶面在鼻骨后缘向前延伸由初生期的逐渐变窄到幼年个体的迅速收缩,此时头骨顶面最宽处位于两侧眶上结节之间;在钩突后方,鼻后孔侧壁的后缘向后上方延伸,幼年个体时倾斜角度已接近成年状态.与维氏大唇犀(Chilotherium wimani)头骨的个体发育相比,两者在颊齿萌出顺序方面无明显差异;但后者幼年头骨在顶骨与枕骨鳞部骨缝的愈合时间上较S.ringstroemi晚.Shansirhinus头骨形态方面区别于其他无角犀族类群的分类特征不晚于DP4开始磨蚀且M1刚露出齿槽时出现.新的头骨材料表明Shansirhinus可能在晚中新世早期起源于甘肃临夏盆地.Shansirhinus上颊齿发育釉质褶皱,下颊齿发育方形轮廓的下三角座,具有一定的加工硬草的能力,生活在晚新近纪时期的开阔草原上,是无角犀族已知唯一延续到上新世的类群.     

胡氏贵州龙新生个体形态学特征

本文观察并测量了中三叠世拉丁期兴义动物群中的12件包含胚胎的胡氏贵州龙化石及已产出的49个幼体胡氏贵州龙标本;对成年个体与新生个体的体长、肱骨长、股骨长与眼眶长径的特定性状比率关系进行了统计分析;展示了成年个体、胚胎及幼年个体的特征差异,首次描述了胡氏贵州龙新生个体形态学特征;定量刻画了胡氏贵州龙新生个体的头骨、颈椎、背椎、荐椎、尾椎和四肢,获得了更完整、精确的解剖学信息。新材料揭示胡氏贵州龙新生个体的头骨平均长度为8.56mm,肱骨明显短于股骨,肱股比例为1∶1.09。头部呈饱满的三角形,吻部短而钝,眼眶大而圆,具有独特的狭长型上颞孔。此外,研究发现胡氏贵州龙的生产方式为胎儿头部首先从母体产道产出,同时新生个体的吻-臀距稳定在31.04~32.26mm这个数值范围内,且该数值的变动与母体大小无直接联系。本次研究为胡氏贵州龙的生殖方式、个体发育、特别是异速生长研究提供了新的材料。     

关岭海生爬行动物群研究评述

贵州省关岭县上三叠统海生爬行动物化石自1999年被发现以来,先后有12属17种被报道,其中包括我国首次发现的檑齿龙类和海龙类。由于化石的保存状况以及标本的修理难度等多种原因,已经发表的材料中包括了大量的同物异名现象以及无效的属种。通过对已发表文献的全面回顾和总结,确认了该动物群中命名有效的5属6种——即周氏黔鱼龙、黄果树安顺龙、新铺中国豆齿龙、多板砾甲龟龙、孙氏新铺龙和巴毛林新铺龙,指出两种尚未命名的大型海龙类和鱼龙类的存在,这一组合基本反映了关岭三叠纪海生爬行动物群的真实面貌。同时提出了关岭海生爬行动物化石研究过程中,标本的真实性、化石修理及学术沟通等方面存在的问题。     

中国辽西早白垩世侯氏红山龙(恐龙:鹦鹉嘴龙科)一成年个体标本

本文记述了发现于辽西下白垩统义县组陆家屯的一完整恐龙头骨及下颌。它代表侯氏红山龙 (Hongshanosaurushoui You,Xu et Wang,2 0 0 3)一成年个体。比较研究表明红山龙 ,作为鹦鹉嘴龙科的第二个属 ,与鹦鹉嘴龙属区别于具有较长的吻部 (约头骨长的一半 ) ,和椭圆形且长轴指向背后方的外鼻孔 ,眼眶和下颞孔。中国辽西早白垩世侯氏红山龙(恐龙:鹦鹉嘴龙科)一成年个体标本@尤海鲁$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037 @徐星$中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所!北京,100044…     

中国辽西早白垩世侯氏红山龙（恐龙：鹦鹉嘴龙科）-成年个体标本

本文记述了发现于辽西下白垩统义县组陆家屯的一完整恐龙头骨及下颌。它代表侯氏红山龙(Hongshanosaurus houi You，Xu et Wang，2003)一成年个体。比较研究表明红山龙，作为鹦鹉嘴龙科的第二个属，与鹦鹉嘴龙属区别于具有较长的吻部(约头骨长的一半)，和椭圆形且长轴指向背后方的外鼻孔，眼眶和下颞孔。     

贵州省中三叠世盘县生物群乌蒙龙属(Wumengosaurus)的新种

本文记述了一类新发现于贵州省盘州地区的中三叠世Anisian期乌蒙龙属新种。通过对一具鳍龙类标本进行描述,并与现已知盘县生物群鳍龙类对比后发现,这一新标本的骨骼形态整体特征与乌蒙龙属Wumengosaurus特征基本相似,具有狭长的吻部,显著多于其他鳍龙类的牙齿数量。但标本在细部特征上与乌蒙龙属模式种的纤颌乌蒙龙Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al,2008有着显著的差异:其间腕骨intermedium呈扁平的圆形,牙齿呈细长的尖锥状,无冠部膨大。且标本与纤颌乌蒙龙Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al,2008在掌骨、跖骨形态等方面也有着不同的特征。现依据该标本特征建立乌蒙龙属新种圆腕乌蒙龙Wumengosaurus rotundicarpus,spnov 。     

辽西朝阳地区下白垩统九佛堂组一新的离龙类

根据发现于辽宁省西部朝阳地区下白垩统九佛堂组的离龙类一具有头骨的不完整骨架，建立Simoedosauridae科中的一新属新种：朝阳辽西龙：Liaoxisaurus chaoyangensis gen．etsp．nov．。朝阳辽西龙的下颌缝合部短，小于下颌长度的20％，牙齿齿槽近似正方形，区别于任何已知的进步的离龙类。它吻部相对较短，占头骨总长的49．8％。     

海龙类化石在云南泸西上三叠统的发现

采自云南泸西县城附近小兴安村晚三叠世卡尼期小凹组的海龙化石,是关岭生物群海龙类化石在贵州关岭之外地区的首次发现。该化石标本共保存有9枚较好的背椎骨,21条完好的肋骨及若干腹肋。靠近头部的4枚背椎骨为有次序的自然排列。背椎椎体长约12cm,椎体横突发育,椎体腹侧轻微凹入,呈双凹形,近似圆形。这一特征与鱼龙类脊椎骨明显的双凹特征有所区别,故暂且将其归于海龙类。新采集的该化石标本为探讨海龙类的古地理分布,以及寻找规律生物群新化石产地提供了信息。     

New Material of Zhenyuanopterus (Pterosauria) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning

A new partial specimen of Zhenyuanopterus from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao city, Liaoning Province is described. This specimen is slightly larger than half the size of the holotype. Although it is not complete, it provides new information on Zhenyuanopterus both in taxonomy and ontogeny： the total number of the caudal vertebrae is 15; the forelimb is more robust than the hindlimb; the growth rate of the humerus and femur is constant, and their ratio is about 1. Compared with the holotype, the scapula and coracoid grow faster than the humerus and the femur. The scapula and coracoid may slow their growth rate after a certain ontogenetic stage. The pectoral girdle, robust forelimb and weak hindlimb of the new material（XHPM1088） together with data from the holotype of Zhenyuanopterus indicate that this taxon spent less time on land than in the sky or other ecological niches such as forests and cliffs.     

云南富源中三叠世楯齿龙新材料

中国已知的豆齿龙类化石有贵州关岭晚三叠世新铺中国豆齿龙、多板砾甲龟龙及云南富源中三叠世康氏雕甲龟龙。记述了一件楯齿龙目豆齿龙亚目的新材料,产自云南富源法郎组竹杆坡段,时代为中三叠世拉丁期,标本(编号C.1924)现收藏于重庆自然博物馆,该标本保存有完整的背甲、尾椎和四肢的部分骨骼,背甲由500多枚小骨板组成,背甲整体结构与康氏雕甲龟龙相似,但背甲中部无沟和脊,背甲骨板表面无放射沟和嵴,排列更加致密,侧壁相对更为发达,由连接紧密的3～4排骨板组成,四肢骨相对于康氏雕甲龟龙来说更为粗壮。根据上述特征,认为是雕甲龟龙属的一个新种——粗壮雕甲龟龙（Glyphoderma robusta sp. nov.）,这是继康氏雕甲龟龙之后在云南富源发现的第二个豆齿龙类物种。     

A New Species of the Ankylosaurid Dinosaur Crichtonsaurus(Ankyiosauridae:Ankylosauria)from the Cretaceous of Liaoning Province,China

A new ankylosaurid species of Crichtonsaurus,C.benxiensis sp.nov.,is erected based on a well preserved skeleton and a nearly complete skull found in the Sunjiawan Formation(Cenomanian- Turonian),Beipiao,Liaoning Province.Crichtonsaurus benxiensis sp.nov.is characterized by width 84.6% of length of the skull,a deep depression located medial to the notch between the orbit and the squamosal horn,paroccipital processes fused to the quadrates,fused scapula and coracoid,a large foramen for the supracoracoid nerve to enter the coracoid and to exit out from the scapula.Based on the new specimen,Crichtonsaurus is assigned to Ankylosauridae.     

A New Species of the Ankylosaurid Dinosaur Crichtonsaurus (Ankylosauridae: Ankylosauria) from the Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China

A new ankylosaurid species of Crichtonsaurus, C. benxiensis sp. nov., is erected based on a well preserved skeleton and a nearly complete skull found in the Sunjiawan Formation (Cenomanian–Turonian), Beipiao, Liaoning Province. Crichtonsaurus benxiensis sp. nov. is characterized by width 84.6% of length of the skull, a deep depression located medial to the notch between the orbit and the squamosal horn, paroccipital processes fused to the quadrates, fused scapula and coracoid, a large foramen for the supracoracoid nerve to enter the coracoid and to exit out from the scapula. Based on the new specimen, Crichtonsaurus is assigned to Ankylosauridae.     

觉华鸟(新属)(Juehuaornis gen.nov.)——辽西早白垩世一今鸟型鸟类新发现

本文描述了产于中国辽宁凌源早白垩世九佛堂组地层的一件鸟类化石标本。该标本中等大小,具有许多原始今鸟型鸟类的共同衍征;同时该标本也具有一个区别与其他已知原始今鸟型鸟类的长吻:吻长超过整个头骨长的70%;前颌骨前端尖而下钩,向前超出下颌前端,下颌齿骨前端直,仅上颌骨和齿骨上具有牙齿,代表了原始今鸟型鸟类一个新的属种和一个新的生态类型,因此建立了一个今鸟型鸟类新属种——张氏觉华鸟(Juehuaornis zhangi gen.et sp.nov)。     

A New Juvenile Specimen of Lufengosaurus Huenei Young, 1941 (Dinosauria: Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, Southwest China

Abstract: A skull and a series of associated cervical vertebrae (ZLJ0112) discovered from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) are determined as a juvenile specimen of Lufengosaurus huenei Young 1941 based on amended autapomorphies. Differences between ZLJ0112 and the holotype (sub-adult specimen) are considered as ontogenetic characteristic changes of L. huenei. Since some of these differences are present in other prosauropod dinosaurs (i.e., forms of the maxillary vascular foramen are irregular; the frontal contribution to the dorsal margin of the orbit is substantial; the frontal contribution to the supratemporal fossa is absent; the supratemporal fenestra is visible in lateral view; the supraoccipital inclined at 75 degrees; the parasphenoid rostrum lies level with the occipital condyle; the retroarticular process is short; the axial postzygapophysis project caudally beyond the end of the centrum) they may be common ontogenetic changes in prosauropod dinosaurs.     

Pachycephalosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) of New Mexico: A reassessment of Stegoceras novomexicanum

Pachycephalosaurs, a group of ornithischian dinosaurs with distinctive cranial ornamentation and skull domes, underwent dramatic changes in cranial morphology during ontogeny. This has caused debate about whether some specimens belong to juveniles or adults, which impacts studies of pachycephalosaur phylogeny and evolution. One such debate concerns a small skull roof specimen from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico, NMMNH P-33898, which was originally described as an indeterminate juvenile but later regarded as a mature adult and erected as the holotype of a new small-bodied species, Stegoceras novomexicanum. We restudied NMMNH P-33898 using computed tomography scanning, morphometric and phylogenetic analyses, and comparisons to growth series of other pachycephalosaurs (Stegoceras validum, Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis). We conclude that two purported paratype specimens of Stegoceras novomexicanum cannot be referred to the same taxon as the holotype, that the holotype and controversial paratypes all belong to immature specimens and not aberrant small-bodied adults, but that current evidence cannot clearly determine whether NMMNH P-33898 is a juvenile belonging to its own diagnostic species (S. novomexicanum) or is a juvenile of Stegoceras validum, Sphaerotholus goodwini, or another known taxon. We review the pachycephalosaur record of New Mexico and demonstrate that pachycephalosaurs were important components of dinosaur faunas in the southern part of Western North America during the ∼15 million years before the end-Cretaceous extinction, just as they were in roughly contemporaneous northern localities.