印度RangaReddy区的AndhraPradesh东南部地下水中氟化物的浓度

地下水中氟化物的浓度受Ca^2 和SO4^2-的强度和其成分中络合离子的存在形式控制。在研究区域，位于印度RangaReddy区的AndhraPradesh，在季风季节前后，地下水中的氟化物的浓度分别是从0．7-408ragd和0．4-4．2mg/l。根据相关系数的研究，氟化物与Ca^2 反向相关，与HCO^3-正向相关，而在两种季节期间，氟化物和其他离子之间的相关系数是很低的。季风季节前后，F^-浓度的差异是存在的，因为在季风季节后由于雨水的稀释。地下水的离子浓度一般小于它们的原定值。相反，许多地方的氟化物的浓度在季风季节之后都相对的高。这就表明地下水受到了地表污染物的污染。     

山东西南部南四湖流域环境地质综合调查

本文论述了水体污染、矿山环境地质灾害、地下水环境异常、南四湖淤积、地球化学环境与地方病等环境地质问题，探讨了煤炭开采对南四湖湖容演变的积极影响。湖体及主要人湖河流污染严重；流域内煤炭资源开发引起的矿山环境地质灾害比较严重，地面塌陷面积达112．395km^2；各种固体废弃物积存总量6412．68万t；矿井排水对矿区地下水资源造成严重破坏。地方病以地氟病和克山病为主。在对流域内环境地质问题综合分析的基础上，提出了对流域环境地质问题的治理措施。     

缓解地下水资源危机的有效途径

中国北方地区地下水大量超采，地下水位大幅度下降，已引起地面下沉，海水入侵、水质污染等严重水环境问题。缓解地下水资源危机的有效途径是：１）加强地下水资源的管理，依法管水，制订水的长期供求计划；２）合理调控利用当地水资源，地上水、地下水联合运用，开发微咸水灌溉；３）节约用水，包括农业节水灌溉和工业水重复利用；４）跨流域调水补源，即引黄、引江，实施南水北调。     

作物对地下水利用量的试验研究

根据水量平衡原理，对冬小麦、夏玉米在生长期内地下水利用量的分布规律以及气象因素、土壤质地和地下水位等地下水利用量的影响进行了试验研究，得出冬小麦对地下水利用量呈“M”型分布，夏玉米呈倒“V”型分布；地下水利用量与同期作物需水量的比值和地下水位埋深呈负相关，地下水利用量与其埋深呈负相关；粉砂壤土中，冬小麦、夏玉米的地下水利用量分别是粘壤土的2．2倍和3．0倍左右。并定性分析了作物产量与地下水埋深的关系，认为粘壤土中作物产量与地下水埋深呈负相关，而粉砂壤土中则呈正相关。     

地面沉降区的水位改正方法

地面沉降区的水位改正方法陆德贤（江苏省无锡水文水资源勘测处）由于过量开采地下水，造成地下水位不断下降，引起了地面的下沉问题。据江苏省水利勘测总队近期水准测量资料可知，沿苏南大运河各城市，普遍存在地面的下沉：１９５９～１９８３年常州市地面下沉０．３７ｍ...     

福州热水资源衰减与地面沉降

福州热水超量开采已引起浅层地下水位的下降和地面沉降，文中根据水，热均衡计算讨论了地热田水量及衰减状况并根据热水开采区地下水位降落漏斗的发展估计了地面沉降可能发展的规模；讨论了防治措施。     

矿区地面塌陷预报机制初探--以广东省松坑镇铁矿为例

广东省惠东县松坑荷寿下铁矿区因长期开采引发地面沉降、塌陷等一系列环境地质问题。矿区发生大型地面塌陷之面积达2300m2,深1~4m,地下水水位变化规律反映出地面塌陷的发展趋势:一般在塌陷前6d水位明显下降;4d下降幅度为67.4%;前2d水位急剧下降,下降幅度为109.4%。由此通过矿区地下水水位观测,可以预警、预报地面塌陷,从而减少因地面塌陷所造成的损失。     

泰安市地下水开发利用中的水环境问题及对策

以泰安市为例,论述了地下水开发利用中出现的区域地下水位下降、地下水资源衰竭、地下水水质恶化、地面沉降、地面裂缝和地面塌陷等水环境问题,并提出了保护对策与建议.     

BP神经网络方法在地下水动态监测网质量评价中的应用

本文运用BP神经网络方法构建了地下水动态监测网的质量评价模型，并以甘肃省武威盆地的地下水位监测网为例进行了实例研究。研究表明，在武威和清源附近地下水监测点密度大于0．09／km^2的三个区域，需要进一步调整地下水监测点结构。武威以东、双城以南的地下水位漏斗区和武威以西的山前地带，需要增加地下水监测点。其它地下水监测点密度小于0．03／km^2的地区，则需要根据实际情况而决定。     

地面沉降与地裂缝改变亚利桑那州地貌

通常对大多数人来说，地下水过量开采和地下水位下降对地面的影响是难以想象的。亚利桑那州地下水过量开采最有效的控制方法是实施地下水管理条例。随着亚利桑那州某些地区不断发生地面沉降和地裂缝，地下水位下降的影响变得越来越明显。地面沉降和地裂缝发生率的高与低，体现了地质技术和国家政策实施对地下水过置开采的控制程度。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861