A Method for Determining Sedimentary Micro-Facies Belts Automatically

1IntroductionThe method is to find the boundary of distribu-tion of sedimentary micro-facies and draw the map of sedimentary belts based on known data of sedi-mentary facies from each layer(strata unit or sedi-mentary unit) of each well in a specific area. It is important to understand the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies. Generally determining the distribution of sedimentary facies is a primary and hard job in the stage of oil-field development. At the scale of sedimentary micro-f…     

柴西地区上下油砂山组沉积相及有利储层

通过对研究区露头、岩性、测井等特征的研究,将柴达木盆地新近纪上下油砂山组划分出5种重要的沉积相类型:冲积扇相、河流相、扇三角洲相、三角洲相、湖泊相,并进行详细描述。依据单因素分析多因素综合画图的方法论,做出上下油砂山组沉积相平面展布图。沉积相带是控制储层特征和分布的基本因素。结合沉积相带图,划出油砂山组储集相带,有利储集相主要是三角州前缘砂体,冲积扇—扇三角洲分流河道砂体,浅湖滩坝;主要分布在沙西、乌南、咸水泉、月牙山、红沟子、阿尔金斜坡带,而碱山地区的储集相带发育较差。     

东营凹陷博兴洼陷深洼区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段沉积特征

利用岩心、测井、录井、地震等资料,应用层序地层学与沉积学理论,建立博兴洼陷深洼区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段层序地层格架,识别沉积相类型,揭示研究区沙河街组三段中亚段湖底扇砂体的充填期次和规律.结果表明:沙河街组三段中亚段地层划分为2个三级层序,层序内部细分为6个体系域;识别湖底扇中扇、湖底扇外扇、深湖3种沉积亚相,以及辫状水道、水道间、席状浊积岩、远源浊积岩和深湖泥5种沉积微相;总结各沉积微相在岩心、测井、地震上的识别特征;在层序格架内识别各体系域沉积相平面展布规律.此研究对该区下一步油气资源的勘探开发具有指导意义.     

高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲沉积体系及其沉积相模式

扇三角洲是苏北盆地高邮凹陷戴南组较为发育的一种沉积类型,集中分布在凹陷南部陡坡带一侧,是该区一个重要的勘探领域。根据岩芯、测井、地震、粒度等资料,对高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲的沉积特征进行了研究,建立了高邮凹陷戴南组的沉积相模式。根据单井沉积相、连井沉积相分析以及地震剖面反射特征和砂地比图综合分析,确定了戴南组各亚段沉积相的平面展布,编制了戴南组各亚段沉积相分布图。结果表明:高邮凹陷南部陡坡带地形陡,存在扇三角洲发育的条件,也存在反映浅水环境的岩性特点,成分成熟度和结构成熟度低反映了近物源的条件,还发现反映牵引流和重力流共存的沉积构造特点;从地震反射特征上看,反射结构不稳定,并发现向盆地边缘加厚的楔形地震相。在此基础上,重点对戴南组扇三角洲相各微相进行了分析,共划分出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲亚相,并进一步划分出水上分流河道、漫滩沼泽、水下分流河道、分流河道间和席状砂等微相,最后详细阐述了各微相的沉积特征。     

Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Qangtang Basin, Xizang （Tibet）, China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies,platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time.The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future.     

北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东区流三段沉积体系发育特征及控制因素分析

北部湾盆地是南海北部最主要的含油气盆地之一,其中乌石凹陷东区流三段是主要的油气勘探目的层。该地层受控于复杂断裂体系,因此,其沉积模式及沉积微相展布一直是制约该区油气勘探突破的关键。通过岩心-钻井-地震资料的综合研究,深入分析了该区断层活动性及其空间展布、沉积物源体系及其沉积微相空间展布特征等,继而探讨了构造-沉积相互制约关系。研究结果表明:流三段沉积时期该区为非典型浅水三角洲沉积环境,物源来自于企西隆起,总体表现为近物源、分选差、相变快、断块分隔性较强的牵引流沉积特征,沉积微相以水下分流河道沉积为主;沉积体的空间展布主要受控于流三段沉积时期发育的6条NE向、EW向正断裂,断裂活动强度差异控制了该区沟谷相间的古地貌特征、物源水系的分布及物源推进距离,导致浅水三角洲内各分支水道差异性明显;其中乌石F₃、F₄两条断裂控制的断沟地势平缓,水下分流河道推进较远,是该区勘探的重要方向之一。      

大庆萨尔图中部油田主力油层单元间夹层发育特征

经过40多年开发．大庆萨尔图中部油田已进入高含水后期阶段．复杂的地下形式要求了解更加精细的储层特征。在主力油层葡萄花油层Ⅰ组沉积相带图全面绘制完成的情况下，通过应用VFP，AutoCAD计算机技术将精细地质研究成果之一的小层数据库进一步开发利用．得到主力油层单元间夹层图．从而首次实现了对萨尔图中部油田主力油层单元间沉积特征的整体描述．认识了平原相、三角洲内前缘相单元间夹层不同的特征．并指出了单元间夹层的发育、分布受上覆沉积单元河流相空间发育位置控制的规律．为油田高含水期开发、综合调整多提供了一种新的储层图幅资料。     

Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Quangtang Basin, Xizang (Tibet), China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies, platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time. The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future. Sponsored by National ‘Ninth Five Year Plan’ Science and Technology Project (970204-01-01).     

柴北缘冷湖地区古近系路乐河组成岩作用及有利成岩相研究

通过钻井岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及测录井资料,对柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区古近系路乐河组的成岩作用特征、成岩相类型及其有利成岩相进行了系统研究。结果表明:研究区储层成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,成岩作用类型复杂多样,主要发育压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用,成岩演化主体进入中成岩阶段B期。综合考虑各种成岩现象及特征、孔隙类型及沉积微相特征,将研究区储层成岩相划分为强压实致密成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相、绿泥石薄膜胶结-粒间孔成岩相、不稳定组分溶蚀-次生孔成岩相4类。优质储集层的分布与成岩相类型关系密切,压实致密成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相的储层物性普遍较差,多为致密储层,集中分布于扇三角洲平原河道翼、扇三角洲水下分流河道边部,而主要发育于扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝中上部较厚砂体中的绿泥石薄膜胶结-粒间孔成岩相和不稳定组分溶蚀-次生孔成岩相的原生孔隙或次生孔隙发育,储层物性较好,利于油气富集,为研究区储层的有利成岩相。      

“寒亭组”是山东唐宋时期两期洪水的产物——基于沭河沙带调查及光释光测年研究

对分布于临沂一带沂河与沭河沿岸沙带的展布形态与沉积层理进行研究,认为该沙带属于古洪水期滞留沉积物(SWD),并非以往认为的风沙成因(寒亭组)。为了获取滞留沉积物的形成年龄,采用光释光测年(OSL)方法,首次获得对应沉积物年龄为0.8ka,1.2ka,结合相关历史时段的洪水记录,综合分析后,认为该滞留沉积物记录了发生在唐宋时期的两次历史洪水。     

雅布赖盆地小湖次凹新河组下段层序及沉积相特征

目前雅布赖盆地小湖次凹中侏罗统新河组下段是玉门油田的主力勘探层位,其中YT6井已取得工业油流,显示出良好的勘探前景,而在层序格架下明确同期次砂体展布,将有利于油气的进一步勘探开发。基于岩心、测井、录井及地震资料的分析,依据经典层序地层学理论,对小湖次凹中侏罗统新河组下段的层序特征、沉积相类型、沉积演化规律及平面展布进行了系统研究,进而讨论了有利沉积相带的展布。研究表明,新河组下段具有完整的三级层序;主要发育扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、湖泊相3种沉积相类型;次凹沉积相带发育具有南北分异、隆凹成带的特征,其中小湖次凹南部陡坡带发育扇三角洲前缘亚相,北部及西北部缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,次凹中心则主要发育湖泊相;从低位期到高位期,不同时期的沉积相展布各异,总体表现出水体由浅变深,再变浅,沉积范围逐渐扩大,扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲先进积、后退积、再进积的特点;经分析认为分布于YT6井西北部新河组下段的高位域水下分流河道微相是最有利的储油相带。      

综合沉积正演与多点地质统计模拟辫状河三角洲: 以塔河T区为例

为有效提高三角洲沉积相模拟的精度,以塔河T区为例,应用地震、岩心及测井资料,通过定量评估可容纳空间、物源供给和沉积搬运之间复杂的关系,建立该地区辫状河三角洲砂体沉积正演模型,并将此转化为多点地质统计模拟的三维训练图像,进行研究区辫状河三角洲多点地质统计模拟。研究表明:辫状河三角洲砂体分布受沉积正演模拟控制参数影响,其中砂质供应体积分数、沉积物流入比例、水流载荷量及洪水期间隔均属于强敏感性参数,对研究区三角洲砂体分布影响较大;砂岩含量沉积正演模型体现了辫状河三角洲退积式沉积过程,符合研究区沉积特征,将其转化为三维训练图像,多点地质统计模拟结果在三维空间具有受训练图像约束的特征,体现了训练图像所反映的相带接触关系,并且与钻井认识一致。所提出的这种新的获取三角洲沉积体三维训练图像的方法,综合了沉积正演模拟与多点地质统计模拟的优势,取得了一定的应用效果,对类似沉积体三维地质建模具有一定的借鉴作用。      

内蒙古东南部开鲁盆地龙湾筒九佛堂组火山岩地质特征

开鲁盆地为陆相火山岩盆地。勘探结果表明,在陆相火山岩盆地中获得了工业油流,为寻找石油油藏开辟了新途径。龙湾筒凹陷的火山岩以火山熔岩、火山碎屑沉积岩为主,根据岩石特征,可划分为三种岩相：溢流相、火山爆发相和火山沉积相。溢流相以熔岩为主,包括安山岩、粗面岩、粗安岩、玄武岩和玄武安山岩;火山爆发相岩石包括火山角砾岩和凝灰岩;火山沉积岩相岩石包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩。依据火山岩相划分,结合火山岩测井和地震反射特征,对龙湾筒凹陷火山岩纵向上的变化和平面上的展布进行了讨论,特别是对储集性能好的溢流相岩石进行了圈定。     

Seismic inversion modeling method for faulted basins:a case study of Liaohe Beach in Bijialing region

There is not much correlation between sand content and P-wave impedance in faulted basins , and the prediction results cannot be guaranteed .Due to sedimentary facies control , there is inconsistency between sand content and low frequency trend of P-wave impedance , causing problems for seismic inversion modeling , which directly affects final seismic inversion results .The acoustic impedance increases with burial depth .When the same layers of sand and shale formation endure different compaction , the acoustic impedance values will be dif-ferent .Therefore , The seismic inversion modeling of faulted basin is different from that of conventional basins . The authors built an inversion model using uncompact sandstone percentage , directly compensating for the low frequency trend of the inversion model .In addition, the model's intermediate frequency is similar to P-wave im-pedance , ensuring that the inversion results are converged correctly .The final results of the inversion can be used directly as sandstone percentage .The aforementioned method was applied to Liaohe Beach in the Bijialing region and obtained optimistic lithology inversion effects:the results were correlated well with the depositional facies map and with lithology in the well borehole .The inversion results can be used to define the sand body horizontally and can separate sand bodies vertically , which is very difficult on conventional seismic section . Therefore the inversion results played an important role in reservoir prediction .     

地震沉积学在河流-浅水三角洲沉积相研究中的应用: 以渤海海域蓬莱A构造区馆陶组为例

庙西南凸起蓬莱A构造区馆陶组有良好油气发现,但储层厚度多小于5 m,难以被精确识别刻画。以薄层砂体为研究对象,综合地震、测井、钻井岩心、古生物等基础资料,明确研究区馆陶组沉积时期受北东向物源供给沉积,发育河流-浅水三角洲相。基于90°相位化处理确定砂体地震响应特征;分频解释处理判断相对等时地震同相轴,构建馆陶组高频层序地层格架（三级层序SQ1-3）,优选60Hz地震数据体进行地层切片划分;地层切片高精度沉积学解释揭示研究区馆陶组SQ1层序至SQ3层序依次发育河流-席状化浅水三角洲-朵叶状浅水三角洲-水下河道型浅水三角洲。其中SQ1层序中河道砂体以及SQ2-3层序中浅水三角洲前缘砂体皆为有利储层。此次研究丰富发展了渤海海域河流-浅水三角洲相中地震沉积学在砂体预测中的研究成果。      

改进的地磁低点位移法与原方法对比分析

采用数学语言及MATLAB语言,对地磁低点位移法与其搭载软件进行改进:1)利用地磁突变界线自动成图技术代替人工画线以消除随机误差,思路为通过建立突变界线与台网地磁低点时间之间的几何解析关系来实现自动成图.首先对地磁台网进行Voronoi剖分,将突变界线的走向限定在地磁台网的Dirichlet镶嵌线上;然后通过最近邻插值...     

汶东凹陷古近纪地层特征及沉积环境分析

汶东凹陷古近系分为古新世固城组和始新世大汶口组。大汶口组又分上、中、下3段，相应有3个化石组合带。从地震反射看，该凹陷内自下而上呈5组反射波特征。以古近纪地层特征为基础，结合构造演化分析认为：固城组为干旱气候条件下的山麓洪积相沉积，大汶口组下段为干旱条件下浅湖相沉积，大汶口组中段为逐渐湿润条件下的氧化一还原湖相沉积，大汶口组上段为潮湿气候条件下的还原湖相沉积。     

Effect of Sand Body Enrichment Under the Restriction of a Tectonic Transfer Zone: A Case Study on the Pinghu Formation in the Kongqueting Region on the Pinghu Slope

Results of long-term explorations in the Kongqueting region, located in an East China Sea depression, suggest that the strong fault activity during the sedimentary period of the Pinghu formation significantly influenced the development of the sedimentary system. However, the aggregation and enrichment of the sand body under a tectonic background has become a problem that requires an immediate solution. Considering research outcomes of previous studies, this study used three-dimensional seismic and logging data to identify Y-or H-type and the en echelon distribution patterns of the fault plane, as well as identify the locations wherein the fault growth index value is greater than 1 in the study region, indicating the tectonic background of the fault transfer zone in the region. Second, the development type of the fault transfer zone was studied, and the sand body enrichment site was identified based on seismic inversion data and the development position of the fault transfer point. This helps clarify the evolution of sedimentary facies of the Pinghu formation combined with the sedimentary environment of the braided-river delta. Finally, after summarizing the coupling relationship between the synsedimentary fault systems and the sand body enrichment patterns, three sand-control models were determined, namely, the flexural-parallel, the en echelon collinear, and the torsional-reformed superimposed transfer zones. The findings of this study lay a foundation for the subsequent search of tectonic lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.     

毛塞几比盆地外陆架-陆坡区阿尔比阶-土伦阶沉积特征及成藏体系

近几年来,多个大型油气发现使得毛塞几比盆地成为国际油气勘探的热点区域。基于地震资料和钻测井资料系统开展了沉积相以及沉积模式研究、储层物性分析、烃源岩评价以及成藏体系分析工作。研究结果表明:①盆地中南部外陆架广泛发育多期强制海退三角洲沉积体系,受基准面旋回控制,强制海退三角洲顶积层遭受剥蚀,砂体被搬运到三角洲前部,形成强制海退砂,砂体在陆架边缘附近广泛分布;陆坡类型控制了深水扇差异分布模式,南部断控型陆坡控制了深水扇的分布,深水扇主体发育在陆坡坡脚,距离陆架边缘较近,北部平缓型陆坡下重力流搬运较远,深水扇主体远离陆架边缘,据此建立了南部断控型陆坡控砂模式和北部缓坡型陆坡富砂模式。②外陆架强制海退三角洲和北部缓坡型深水扇储层条件好,测试产能高,受胶结作用和滑塌碎屑影响,南部陡坡型深水扇储层物性差。③油源对比表明,油气主要来自下白垩统阿普第阶-阿尔比阶与上白垩统赛诺曼阶-土伦阶海相烃源岩,阿普第阶-阿尔比阶烃源岩以Ⅱ₂型干酪根为主,主要生气;赛诺曼阶-土伦阶海相烃源岩以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,主要生油。④研究区发育3套有利成藏体系,分别为阿尔比阶陆架边缘成藏体系、阿尔比阶-土伦阶陆坡坡脚成藏体系以及赛诺曼阶陆坡远端成藏体系,其中陆架边缘成藏体系与陆坡远端成藏体系勘探潜力更大,是下一步勘探的重点。      

鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长区块延长组长6-长7段深水重力流沉积特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长区块的延长组长6-长7段发育厚层无沉积构造的块状砂岩,具有良好的油气显示和开发效益,然而关于该套砂岩的形成机制尚不清晰。确定长6-长7段砂岩的沉积相及沉积模式,对于该套低渗砂岩储层"甜点"形成机制的理解,"甜点"分布模式的预测,以及后续勘探开发都具有重要的指导意义。对彬长区块36口取心井的长6-长7段1 024 m长的岩心进行了沉积学特征描述,结合粒度分析资料及地质制图分析,确定了该套厚层砂岩的沉积相及沉积模式。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长区块的延长组长6-长7段砂岩共发育15种岩相和3种主要沉积微相类型,即:砂质碎屑流、浊积岩和震积滑塌岩微相,以及它们在空间上的3类组合关系。其深水重力流沉积模式可以概括为扇根（坡折带斜坡上半部分）的震积滑塌相-砂质碎屑流亚相（沉积组合）、扇中（斜坡中下部位-坡脚）的砂质碎屑流-浊积岩沉积亚相（沉积组合）和扇端（坡脚-盆底）浊积砂等亚相（沉积组合）。通过对彬长区块延长组长6-长7段发育的致密砂岩沉积特征的分析与讨论,确定了该厚层块状砂岩的主要沉积相及沉积微相的特征及分布,为致密砂岩储层的高效开发及"甜点"预测提供了科学依据与良好借鉴。