爆炸荷载作用下深埋圆形隧洞的饱和黏弹性土-衬砌系统动力响应

假定土骨架服从标准线性固体黏弹性本构关系,研究了深埋圆形隧洞的饱和黏弹性土-弹性衬砌耦合系统在轴对称爆炸作用下的瞬态动力响应。首先,基于饱和土的Biot模型和衬砌的弹性理论,通过引入势函数和Laplace变换,利用弹性衬砌和饱和黏弹性土界面处的连续性条件以及边界条件,得到饱和黏弹性土体和弹性衬砌位移、应力和孔隙水压力等在Laplace变换域中的解析解。其次,利用Laplace数值Crump逆变换得到耦合系统在时间域的动力响应,数值分析了不同土体模型下土体-衬砌耦合系统的径向位移和环向应力以及土体孔隙水压力等。结果表明：对不同土体模型的土体-衬砌耦合系统,其在爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应性态基本一致,但动力响应的振动周期和幅值等具有明显的差异。同时,对于饱和黏弹性土-弹性衬砌系统,土体黏性参数对土体径向位移和孔隙水压力有明显的影响,但对土体环向应力影响较小。     

层状非饱和土地基的轴对称稳态动力响应

考虑土颗粒、孔隙流体的压缩性及各相物质间的黏性、惯性耦合作用,采用理论上更加严谨的饱和度本构关系式,建立了非饱和土的动力控制方程。该组方程与饱和土的经典Biot波动方程完全兼容,因此,具有更广泛的适用性。通过引入一组状态向量,在圆柱坐标系下将非饱和土满足的波动方程转化为状态方程组,利用Hankel变换,求解状态方程组,得到了传递矩阵。结合边界条件及层间接触连续条件,求解了层状非饱和地基的稳态动力响应问题。数值算例表明：土层对地表动位移的影响主要集中在临界深度范围内;软硬土层的相对次序对地表动位移幅值有显著影响;饱和度增大会引起土的物理参数发生相应的改变,尤其是动剪切模量通常降幅较大,而动剪切模量是决定位移幅值的关键因素,最终的结果是导致地表动位移幅值明显增大。     

球模仪测试冻土松弛模量的非线性Kelvin解答及其试验研究

冻土的松弛模量是进行蠕变力学分析的关键参数。但在理论方面, 尚未基于球模仪试验建立较完善的松弛模量表征公式。基于半空间黏弹性理论和分数阶微积分理论, 获得了松弛模量公式的非线性Kelvin模型解答并进行了材料参数影响分析。在给出恒载条件下, 可以用单轴蠕变试验的分析结果评估基于球形压痕试验的冻土松弛模量来预测准确性。随后分别以冻结细砂的球模仪试验曲线、 冻结砂和冻结砂质黏土的单轴蠕变曲线为例, 预测了各条试验曲线和冻土的松弛模量, 并通过其他试验实测数据进行了检验。结果表明： 该松弛模量表征公式的材料参数最少, 随各材料参数变化具有较佳单调性; 基于球形模板试验, 非线性Kelvin解答能对冻结细砂的松弛模量和位移曲线做出合理可靠的预测。非线性Kelvin模型能很好地吻合单轴蠕变试验曲线, 基于单轴蠕变试验的冻结砂松弛模量随时间变化规律和数值范围与球模仪试验分析结果较一致, 冻结砂质黏土的松弛模量随应力和温度的变化规律再现了已有研究结论。     

三维黏弹性介质人工边界研究

为了得到适于分析非线性结构-地基相互作用问题的人工边界,结合弹性波理论与黏弹性理论,推导出了适于模拟三维黏弹性远场介质辐射阻尼的人工边界,并对其模拟远场地基辐射阻尼的性能及相应地震波动输入方法进行了研究。结果表明：在结构-地基动力相互作用问题中,得到的黏弹性人工边界模拟计算域外远场黏弹性介质的辐射阻尼具有理想精度;不论是简谐波还是非简谐波,地震波动输入都取得了理想结果;在黏弹性介质条件下自由地表处的总场位移幅值n是输入波幅值的 倍。     

简谐荷载作用下饱和土体中圆形衬砌隧道三维动力响应分析

研究了全空间饱和土体中圆形衬砌隧道在径向简谐点荷载作用下的三维动力响应,将衬砌用无限长圆柱壳来模拟,土体用Biot饱和多孔介质模型来模拟,引入两类势函数来表示土骨架的位移和孔隙水压力,并利用修正Bessel方程来求解各势函数,结合边界条件,得到频率-波数域内衬砌和土骨架位移、孔隙水压力的解答,最后进行Fourier逆变换得到时间-空间域内的响应。通过算例分析了荷载振动频率和土体渗透性对土体和衬砌位移响应及土体孔压的影响。结果表明,饱和土体和弹性土体的位移响应具有明显区别。随着荷载频率的增大,土体和隧道位移幅值减小,土体孔压幅值增大;随着土体渗透性增大,土体位移及孔压幅值减小。     

黏弹性节理岩体的位移不连续模型研究

选用三参数标准线性固体作为岩石本构,提出了一种考虑岩体黏弹性的位移不连续模型;根据一维黏弹性波的特征线法,推导了节理处质点速度、应力和应变递推公式。首先,基于分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）对砂层进行试验,得到其应力-应变关系,并换算出砂层节理的法向刚度;接着,通过一维强间断黏弹性波的波速公式、高频波衰减系数以及任一频率下的衰减系数,确定出数值算法中的三参数。最后,基于自制的摆锤装置,探讨了一维应力波在节理岩体中的传播规律,试验中以两根长1 000 mm、直径为68.50 m的岩杆作为入射和透射杆,以3 mm砂层模拟节理。试验和数值结果吻合度良好,进一步验证了该方法的可靠性。     

衬砌隧道中移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应

为了研究衬砌隧道中地铁振动在饱和地层中的传播情况,采用移动轴向激励模拟技术,建立了隧道-衬砌-两相介质的动力分析模型;利用波函数展开法、傅里叶变换法等,推导了频域内衬砌隧道移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应的解析解,并给出了两相多孔介质临界速度的经验公式;通过离散快速傅里叶逆变换得到了时-空域内两相介质的动力响应。结果表明：无衬砌隧道中移动的轴向常激励作用下,两相介质临界速度只与介质的剪切模量和密度有关,且数值接近其剪切波速的1.1倍;对于衬砌隧道,介质的临界速度随着衬砌剪切模量的增大而增大,随着衬砌密度的增大而减小,衬砌对振动向介质中的传播有一定的削弱作用,衬砌剪切模量与介质剪切模量相差越大,削弱越明显;动力响应频率越接近激振频率,其幅值越大,所对应的临界速度越小。     

考虑不均匀冻胀土体-衬砌隧道在寒区的振动响应

在频域内研究简谐均布荷载作用在寒区不均匀冻胀土体-衬砌隧道中的动力响应问题。将衬砌与冻土间视为紧密接触,冻土及非冻土间由于组构、性质间的差异可发生相对移动,在考虑覆盖于隧道周围冻结土体发生不均匀冻胀的前提下得到简谐荷载作用在衬砌内径所引发的系统振动解析解。根据非冻土、冻土以及衬砌间的连续条件和边界条件得到待定系数,并得到寒区隧道系统中不同介质的位移以及应力的解析解。对具体参数模型进行算例分析,发现：隧道系统的介质（衬砌,冻土及非冻土）参数变化会对冻土环向应力幅值、不同冻结状态土体径向位移幅值及其基频产生影响;不均匀冻胀会改变外荷载作用下隧道周围冻土中的动力响应;寒区隧道系统径向位移幅值随距离隧道圆心的增加呈现衰减的趋势,非冻土径向位移幅值较冻土减小明显。     

基于传递矩阵法的层状土中管桩水平动力阻抗分析

在考虑土体分层特性的基础上,分别建立了管桩桩周土体和桩芯土体的水平振动控制方程。通过引入势函数并考虑桩周土和桩芯土径向位移和环向位移的边界条件及其奇偶性,求得了管桩-土动力相互作用的刚度系数和阻尼系数。将土体模拟为连续分布的弹簧-阻尼器,并考虑桩芯土和桩周土的作用,建立了层状土中管桩的水平振动方程。借助初参数法和传递矩阵法求解了管桩的水平振动,得到了管桩桩顶的水平动力阻抗。通过数值分析,得到了土层剪切模量、管桩壁厚、桩周土和桩芯土剪切模量比、土层厚度等对管桩桩顶动力阻抗的影响规律。土层剪切模量、管桩壁厚、桩周土和桩芯土剪切模量比对层状土中管桩水平振动的影响主要在低频处,土层厚度在较宽的频率范围内对管桩水平振动有影响;管桩壁越厚,桩周土的剪切模量越大时,管桩水平动力阻抗的绝对值越大。     

考虑多因素耦合效应的冻结兰州黄土动力学参数研究

为了探究多因素耦合效应对冻结兰州黄土动力参数的影响,以分布在我国西部季节冻土区的兰州黄土为研究对象,通过动三轴试验研究了不同围压（0.1、0.2、0.3 MPa）、温度（-1、-3、-5℃）、含水率（14%、16%、18%）及加载频率（1、2、4Hz）影响下冻结兰州黄土的动力参数变化特征。基于试验结果,分析了冻结兰州黄土最大动弹性模量、等效黏滞阻尼系数、参考应变幅值在温度、围压、含水率、加载频率等多因素耦合影响下的变化规律。结果表明,温度、含水率、加载频率和围压等耦合因素对冻结兰州黄土动弹性模量、参考应变幅值和等效黏滞阻尼系数的影响程度有差异。可以发现,冻结兰州黄土动弹性模量和参考应变幅值随温度变化的影响最显著,等效黏滞阻尼系数随加载频率变化表现最敏感。基于试验数据,对影响冻结兰州黄土的4种因素进行归一化和无量纲化处理,采用多元回归分析方法提出了冻结兰州黄土动力学参数的预测公式,有助于快速预测冻结兰州黄土在多因素耦合效应影响下的动力学参数变化特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with