预应力锚索框架梁加固体系分析与设计

预应力锚索框架梁技术在边坡治理工程中得到了广泛应用。文中分析了预应力锚索框架梁与边坡岩土体的相互作用机理及常见的破坏形态,并提出了该结构在设计中所涉及到的问题。     

T形短肢剪力墙静力性能有限元仿真分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,首先采用其中三维实体单元SOLID65建立了T形短肢剪力墙有限元分析模型,从弹性到混凝土开裂直至破坏的全过程进行了仿真试验分析。分析了影响短肢剪力墙受力的几种因素:混凝土强度等级、配筋率、轴压比、墙肢截面高厚比对短肢剪力墙承载能力、变形能力及延性的影响,剖析了短肢剪力墙破坏过程及其原因。比较真实的反映了短肢剪力墙在轴压力和逐步加载侧向力共同作用下的响应。试验结果表明:增加混凝土等级和轴压比能提高试件的开裂、屈服和极限荷载,但应综合考虑其与变形能力、延性的关系。截面配筋率具有其特殊性,配筋率在1.4%1.6%之间时试件的承载能力、变形能力及延性较好。墙肢截面高厚比是不稳定因素但在高厚比为6.57.1时,延性及变形能力较强。     

原位跨孔试验方法

跨孔测试技术是研究岩土动力特性的一种重要的原位试验方法。本文根据多年来的现场实践,详细阐述了在进行原位跨孔试验时,必须认真考虑震源和三分量检波器的选择、钻孔的数量与孔距,钻孔排列方式、钻孔垂直度测量、三分量检波器与钻孔之间的耦合等因素,文章还介绍了压缩波和剪切的识别和速度误差分析方法。     

西藏聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的伸展变形

西藏聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系在区域上以单一的叶理和单一的拉伸线理占主要地位，其变形带的组构主要反映了透入性的伸展变形；根据显微构造分析表明早期由北往南推覆，晚期由南向北伸展，且晚期表现非常明显。     

高烈度区某钢筋混凝土主厂房优化设计浅析

针对8度Ⅲ类场地土钢筋混凝土主厂房设计时面临的抗震问题,通过增加横向钢支撑等优化措施,提高结构抗震性能,并进行静力弹塑性分析验证,各项指标均满足规范要求,证明了混凝土结构的可行性,可供类似工程参考。     

预应力锚杆框架梁的支护力学行为研究

采用实际工程数值模拟,结合现场试验与测试以及变换设计参数进行数值仿真试验等,对预应力锚杆框架梁支护体系加固边坡的力学响应、支护体系与加固坡体之间相互作用的空间力学效应以及支护体系的力学响应对设计参数的敏感性等问题进行了研究。结果表明,预应力锚杆框架梁的支护力学性状表现出张拉和稳定工作两个不同阶段,设计时应主要考虑位于坡脚附近的框架梁与锚杆的内力在稳定工作阶段有所上升的不利影响,锚杆的锚固预应力、锚固角和锚固间距均对支护体系的内力和加固边坡的压缩变形有显著影响。     

加固膨胀土路堑边坡中框架梁的内力计算

锚杆框架梁是一种较好的加固膨胀土路堑边坡方式,但其设计理论依据仍不统一,未形成成熟的规范,多依靠工程经验。Winkler地基梁和半无限弹性体理论被用来计算框架梁的内力,在Winkler假设的前提下,着重分析了现浇梁和预制梁在不同长度条件下的内力分布。结果表明：框架梁的设计完全依据膨胀力是欠合理的,建议采用Winkler地基梁和半无限弹性体理论计算框架梁的内力,并结合工程实例,提出了相关的建议。     

高烈度区浸水高填石路堤稳定性的小型振动台试验

为充分利用石质弃渣,填石路堤已经成为山区高等级公路较普遍的路堤形式。汶川地震以后,我国已处于地震活跃期,因此在高烈度区内修建高速公路,进行地震作用下稳定性研究的意义是显而易见的。小型振动台试验虽然受承载能力和台面尺寸的限制有诸多弊端,但所需经费少,可进行重复实验,其实验结果对工程实践有一定的借鉴作用,更是大型振动台试验积累经验所不可缺少的。作者对研究尚不成熟的填石路堤进行小型振动台试验,研究其在地震作用下的稳定性情况。涉及的雅泸高速公路填石路堤工程位于水库水位变动带内,实验发现水在地震过程中起着重要的作用。在无水条件下,地震导致的边坡破坏最先发生在边坡内侧,随着振动的持续,边坡外侧也将发展成破坏区;在水位上升后,地震导致的边坡破坏最先发生在边坡外侧,由振动产生的水浪对边坡的冲刷、淘蚀作用非常强烈。     

An integrated earthquake vulnerability assessment framework for urban areas

In this paper, an integrated urban earthquake vulnerability assessment framework, which considers vulnerability of urban environment in a holistic manner and performs the vulnerability assessment for the neighborhood scale, is proposed. The main motivation behind this approach is the inability to implement existing vulnerability assessment methodologies for countries like Turkey, where the required data are usually missing or inadequate for the decision-makers in prioritization their limited resources for risk reduction in the administrative units from which they are responsible for. The methodology integrates socio-economical, structural, coastal, ground condition, vulnerabilities (fragilities), as well as accessibility to critical services. The proposed methodology is implemented for Eskisehir, which is one of the metropolitans of Turkey. In the implementation of the proposed framework, geographic information system (GIS) is used. While the overall vulnerabilities obtained for neighborhoods are mapped in GIS, the overall vulnerabilities obtained for buildings are visualized in 3D city model. The main reason behind using different mapping and visualization tools for vulnerabilities is to provide better ways for communicating with decision-makers. The implementation of the proposed vulnerability assessment methodology indicates that an urban area may have different vulnerability patterns in terms of structural, socio-economical, and accessibility to critical services. When such patterns are investigated, effective vulnerability reduction policies can be designed by the decision-makers. The proposed methodology well serves for this purpose.     

汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨量特征

利用搜集的汶川震区典型泥石流暴发前后的降雨过程资料,分析了泥石流的激发雨量过程,获得了汶川震区的泥石流激发雨量特征,以期为泥石流的预测预报提供依据。结果表明,汶川地震区的泥石流激发雨型可分为快速激发型、中速激发型和慢速激发型3类,其差异主要体现在降雨的持续时间和强度方面。不同激发雨型下的泥石流形成过程的差别主要体现在松散土体饱和过程。雨型的差异(降雨的持续时间和强度)使得土体饱和产生超渗产流的时间出现差异,进而使得泥石流暴发的时间存在差异。激发雨强跟激发雨型存在一定的关系,激发雨强最大者为中速激发雨型,其次是慢速激发雨型,最小者为快速激发雨型。与地震之前相比,地震后的泥石流暴发时的累积雨量和临界雨量都有所降低。     

Delphi process applied to the 921 earthquake relief for damaged bridges in Taiwan

This paper presents panel-developed, expert opinion-based suggestions, and a Delphi process for the development of an earthquake damage assessment and recovery model. The model was specifically designed for the disaster relief of the damaged bridges of the 921 earthquake in Taiwan and uses four major indices: emergency handling ability, administrative capability, budget execution responsibility, and law enforcement reliability. The 921 earthquake, which occurred on September 21, 1999, forced the Taiwanese government into an unprecedented relief operation consisting of emergency rescue and reconstruction. However, some of the relief measures reflected possible inefficiency in intergovernmental cooperation. Regarded as one of the most decisive relief measures in Taichung County before it was consolidated and upgraded to a municipality on 25 December, 2010, the rescue and reconstruction of the majorly damaged bridges in the county were taken as an example to analyze the differences in the earthquake relief policies between the central and local governments. Based on experts’ experiences in government affairs and the four major indices of the damage assessment and recovery model, the ongoing governmental restructuring policy is considered retrospectively not only at the central government level but also at the local government level; this would serve to improve preparedness for catastrophes and to solve possible problems in earthquake-related intergovernmental cooperation.     

Multiple data-type processing as applied to the selection of areas with high gold potential in French Guyana

As part of the Guyana Shield, the basement rocks of French Guyana, between latitudes 3° and 3°30′N, consist of greenstones belts of Proterozoic age (2.0–2.1 Ga) enclosed by anatectic granitoïds and migmatites, and of acid or basic intrusives.     

Evaluating post-hurricane impacts in co-management areas: a framework for expert consensus

Natural Hazards - Natural ecosystems are characterized as dynamic systems that evolve through natural patterns of disturbance. Land managers can work within this system of natural disturbance by...     

CEDLES: a framework for plugin-based applications for earthquake risk prediction and loss assessment

Natural Hazards - To evaluate the seismic risk and loss caused by an earthquake, many earthquake disaster loss assessment softwares have been developed. However, it is difficult to apply one...     

Office dispersal in metropolitan areas 1: a review and framework for analysis

Policies advocating restraint on the growth of office activity in central areas, and the dispersal of that activity to suburban centres have become increasingly popular in large metropolitan areas in Britain and Australia in recent years. This is the first of two papers which explore the implications of such a policy in detail. For these policies have been based on rather subjective judgements and on conventional wisdom; it has simply been assumed that they would solve growing problems of central congestion, environmental disamenity and job access. Little attention has been paid to the full range and distribution of costs and benefits that might arise. Experience to date has suggested that while an office dispersal policy has the potential to reduce problems in the central area, it can also give rise to serious problems of congestion, increased energy consumption and inequities of access in suburban areas. These problems which stem from the likely switch from public transport to cars for work journeys have generally been ignored by those advocating dispersal policies, and have received little attention in the few academic studies of this area. The paper concludes by outlining the assumptions and methodology adopted for a comprehensive case study of the cost and benefits of an office dispersal policy within the metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia.     

Exportation of coseismic deposits in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake

Coseismic deposits are easily transported outside of valleys, thereby inflicting damage through debris flows or aggregating and elevating riverbeds in the fluvial network. The evolution of coseismic deposits is crucial for predicting the sediment transport capacity and export time for managing postseismic geohazards; however, this evolution remains unclear. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of coseismic deposits due to rainfall is quantified at the valley scale to further obtain the sediment transport capacity. The results show that the relative average thickness predominantly controls the evolution pattern of the coseismic deposits. The sediment transport capacity, which is primarily influenced by rainfall conditions and topography, can be drastically increased by dam breaching and channel narrowing. Moreover, the computed export time, which significantly varies with the spatiotemporal distribution of deposits and the local climate, ranges from 2 to 80 years in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. This study contributes to providing scientific guidelines for efficiently managing postseismic geohazards and planning for disaster mitigation.

     

西部严重缺水地区地下水勘查技术方法体系研究

本文主要介绍1999~2005年中国地质调查局组织实施的“西部严重缺水地区人畜饮用地下水勘查示范工程”中建立的西北内陆盆地、青海东部和甘肃中东部中小型碎屑岩盆地、宁夏南部和陕西北部黄土高原区、鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶区、内蒙古高原和川渝滇红层等不同复杂水文地质区以遥感、综合物探、钻探等方法为主要内容的地下水勘查技术方法体系研究成果。为继续推进上述地区人畜饮用水困难问题的解决提供技术指导。     

Geological Disasters in loess areas during the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake,China

Disasters of geological nature, caused by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake (Ms = 8.5), were studied in hilly loess areas. Dynamic characteristics of loess landslides of seismic origin and an approach for predicting landslide in loess are presented. Subsidence of seismic origin in loess is described.This study Geological Disasters during 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake was first published in Performance of Ground and Soil Structures during Earthquakes, Thirteenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Delhi 1994, published by The Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering who generously have permitted reprinting inGeoJournal on May 25, 1995, which is gratefully acknowledged.