萨拉乌苏河流域MGS4层段记录的末次冰期早冰阶气候波动

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾末次冰期早冰阶时期记录了5.5个由古沙丘砂与河流相、湖沼相构成的沉积旋回。对各沉积旋回的粒度及微量元素分析表明,河流相和湖沼相的平均粒径Mz、分选系数σ和SC/D的值明显高于古沙丘砂,河湖相中的微量元素Mn、P、Rb、Zr、V、Ni含量普遍较古沙丘砂含量高,而Ba、Co等则呈现相反的变化;这些气候代用指标的波动构成了与沉积旋回相对应的5.5个粒度及微量元素变化旋回,指示了该地末次冰期早冰阶至少经历了6次冷干和5次暖湿的气候波动,其中若干次气候回暖事件和冷干事件可与格陵兰冰芯和葫芦洞石笋等记录的D/O事件和Heinrich事件相对应。米浪沟湾剖面地层记录的千年尺度气候波动既是对东亚季风环流演变历史的体现,同时也是对全球气候变化的响应。     

萨拉乌苏河流域MGS2层段粒度与CaCO3记录的千年尺度气候变化

测定、分析毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面MGS2层段的粒度与CaCO3,发现该层段不同沉积相粒度Mz和σ呈现峰谷变化,CaCO3含量在沙丘砂及其上覆的河流相和湖沼相中依次变化于0-2.94%(平均值0.39%)、0.14%-2.68%(1.43%)和0.39%-15.57%(8.82%),并与Mz呈显著相关,构成与沉积旋回波动韵律相同的5.5个峰谷交替的粒度与CaCO3旋回。研究表明,毛乌素沙漠冬季风盛行时期沙丘砂强烈堆积,CaCO3发生迁移;夏季风盛行时期河流相和湖沼相发育,粉砂和粘土含量增加,CaCO3相对聚集。这些旋回代表东亚冬夏季风千年尺度交替变化的气候旋回。     

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面主元素记录的末次间冰阶气候波动

 位于鄂尔多斯高原萨拉乌苏河米浪沟湾剖面是重建毛乌素沙地晚更新世以来古气候的理想地点。其末次间冰阶(MIS3)层序含4种沉积相,划分为19个沉积单元,构成9.5个风成的砂丘砂与河流相、湖相和古土壤交替的沉积旋回。主元素分析结果显示,该剖面MIS3层序中河流相、湖相和古土壤的Al2O3、TOFE、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、TiO2含量明显高于古风成砂, 而SiO2则相反, 构成与沉积旋回相应的9.5个元素波动旋回。这些元素旋回指示了该地末次间冰阶至少经历了10次温湿(W事件)和9次冷干(C事件)气候波动,且可划分为MIS3e(58.90~49.50 ka BP)、MIS3d(49.50~40.70 ka BP)、MIS3c(40.70~36.90 ka BP)、MIS3b(36.90~27.00 ka BP)和MIS3a(27.00~22.30 ka BP)等5个亚段。其中, 19次冷/暖波动可与格陵兰GRIP冰芯δ18O冰段/间冰段大致对应, 5个亚段与我国古里雅冰芯和V23-81冷性浮游有孔虫数代表的北大西洋地区气候也具有较好的可比性。     

萨拉乌苏河流域MGS1层段粒度与CaCO3记录的全新世千年尺度的气候变化

 毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面MGS1层段含有11个由古沙丘砂与河湖相或古土壤构成的沉积旋回。通过对该层段粒度和CaCO3的分析,发现其河湖沼相和古土壤的平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰态的值明显高于古沙丘砂;CaCO3含量在古沙丘砂及其上覆的河湖相和古土壤中依次变化于0.07%~0.32%（平均值为0.16%）、0.05%~1.50%（0.27%）和0.06%~1.42%（0.64%）,并与平均粒径呈显著相关（相关系数0.8）;构成与沉积旋回波动韵律相同的11个峰谷交替的粒度和CaCO3旋回,指示了全新世气候冷、暖的变化过程和东亚冬夏季风千年尺度交替变化的气候旋回。这些旋回中的冬季风主导时期可与北大西洋8 200、5 000、4 000、2 700、1 400 a BP等寒冷事件进行对比,和中国若干地点的气候波动具有良好对应关系,可能表明全新世东亚季风在全球大气、海洋、陆地和全球冰量变化的共同作用下,表现为干冷冬季风和暖湿夏季风的相互交替的千年尺度的气候变化特征。     

萨拉乌苏河流域微量元素揭示的气候变化

根据毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面中更新世晚期以来风成砂与河湖相互为叠覆的沉积记录,利用SPSS软件对P、V、Cr等16种微量元素及Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba比值进行了聚类和相关分析。结果表明：除Sr、Ba、Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba之外的P、V、Cr等14中微量元素反映的气候变化规律较好,其含量的峰值段对应河湖相沉积,而谷值段对应风成砂沉积。根据微量元素含量变化特征及其与地层的对应关系,将萨拉乌苏河流域中更新世晚期以来的气候变化划分为5个阶段：223～196 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,相当于黄土高原S2古土壤发育期;196～148 ka BP,气候干冷,相当于黄土高原L2黄土发育期,属倒数第二次冰期;148～75 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,对应末次间冰期;75～10 ka BP,气候干冷,对应末次冰期;10 ka BP以来,气候以温湿为主。各个阶段还有气候冷暖干湿波动变化。通过与深海氧同位素阶段,冰芯记录变化对比,发现本区气候变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性。     

萨拉乌苏河流域萨拉乌苏组砂丘砂沉积特征

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2） They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz,σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3） The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4） Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.     

220 ka以来萨拉乌苏河流域地层磁化率与气候变化

 萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面磁化率变化结果表明:近220 ka来我国北方气候变化极不稳定,存在着不同尺度的频繁变化,特别是寒冷气候阶段变化尤为频繁,其中倒数第二次冰期存在5个气候旋回,末次冰期存在10个气候旋回。这些气候变化与深海氧同位素、极地冰芯反映的全球变化具有良好的对应关系,反映了该区气候变化与全球变化的一致性。控制本区气候变化的主要因素是全球冰量变化及太阳辐射影响的东亚季风变化。     

萨拉乌苏河流域干沟子剖面全新世湖相沉积的地球化学元素特征及其反映的物源变化

为探究萨拉乌苏河流域中上游段湖相沉积物的来源及沉积环境,通过测量干沟子剖面3个样品的年代和113个样品的地球化学元素的含量,分析了干沟子剖面地球化学特征反映的沉积物的来源,探讨了其代表的全新世以来的沉积环境变化.结果 表明:在剖面垂直方向上,CaO、MgO、Sr、C1、Br以110 cm为界,含量发生剧烈变化,250-...     

萨拉乌苏河流域150 ka BP以来的粒度旋回

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾地层剖面150kaBP以来古流动砂丘砂与河湖相和古土壤在粒度上具有多次显著的粗细韵律交替变化，粒度参数-Mz、σ、Sk、Kg和SC/D亦随之响应为多波动峰谷交替的态势，同时，粒度特征值-φ5、φ16φ、φ25、φ50、φ84、φ9相应地表现为非常有节奏地跳动，据此，将米浪沟湾剖面划分为27个粒度粗细沉积旋回，并认为其是150kaBP以来在东亚冬夏古代季风交替影响下沙漠演变的一个颇为完整的气候-地质过程记录。     

萨拉乌苏河流域高分辨率的沙丘砂常量元素分布指示的全新世寒冷事件

The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are： 0 to 960, 1350-2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D＋8D＋10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter monsoon over China＇s desert area.     

Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.     

Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fluctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.     

Sedimentary characteristics of paleo-aeolian dune sands of Salawusu Formation in the Salawusu River Valley

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley in-cludes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2) They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz, σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3) The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2–Al2O3+TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4) Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.     

Grain-size cycles in Salawusu River valley since 150 ka BP

Situated at the southeast Mu Us Desert on the Ordos Plateau of China, the Salawusu River valley, contains abundant environmental vicissitude information of the East Asia Monsoon since Late Quaternary and serves as an excellent site for researches of sedimentology and climatology etc. As early as 1924, the French paleontologists Teilhard de Chardin et al. found the Upper-Pleistocene Salawusu Formation and drew an outline of the 搃deal section through the loessic lands of N and the SE co…