北秦岭太白山晚中生代正长花岗岩成因及其地质意义

本文对北秦岭中段太白岩体北部正长花岗岩进行了系统研究.结果表明,岩石为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,SiO₂=68.49%~72.84%,富Al₂O₃(14.13%~16.48%),相对富K₂O,K₂O/Na₂O=0.45~1.57(多数样品大于1),A/CNK=0.97~1.05,属于准铝质-铝质系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具弱负Eu 异常(δEu=0.58~0.89),高Sr、低Yb/Y.正长花岗岩锶同位素初始比值I_Sr=0.7053~0.7112,ε_Nd(t)=-18.6~-0.1(平均为-9.2),二阶段模式年龄t_2DM值为0.83~2.11Ga,变化较大,显示其源区主要为古老的壳源物质.铅同位素比值²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.492~17.524,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.470~15.485,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.750~38.097,与南秦岭基底相近.锆石U-Pb年龄为153.17±0.89Ma和151.0±1.4Ma,形成于晚中生代.太白正长花岗岩源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有年轻幔源组分的参与,形成于挤压向伸展转换的深部动力学背景.     

塔里木北缘皮羌地区早二叠纪花岗质岩体的成因：对塔里木大火成岩省A型花岗岩成因的启示

塔里木北缘皮羌地区发育大量闪长质-花岗质岩脉以及哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体,这些花岗质岩脉和岩体与赋存大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床的皮羌辉长质岩体空间上共生,推测其成因与塔里木地幔柱岩浆上涌有关。闪长质-花岗质岩脉出露在皮羌辉长质岩体的东缘、北缘及南缘,而哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体主要出露在辉长质岩体的西部。花岗质岩脉具有高硅(SiO₂=64%~74%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O =8%~10%)、富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,(Ga/Al)×10⁴变化于2.85~3.85之间,具有明显Eu、Ba、Sr负异常等特征,类似A型花岗岩。闪长质岩脉具有低硅(SiO₂=53%~59%)、低全碱含量(Na₂O+K₂O=5%~8%)、以及Eu和Ba正异常。哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的地球化学特征与花岗质岩脉相似。闪长质-花岗质岩脉、哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的ε_Nd(t)值范围在-2.9~-0.2之间,与皮羌辉长质岩体的ε_Nd(t)值相近(-1.1~2.1),表明他们来源于类似的地幔源区。我们认为闪长质-花岗质岩脉、哈拉峻花岗岩Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体主要由底侵的镁铁质岩浆分异出的中酸性熔体结晶分异并伴随不同程度的地壳混染形成,皮羌辉长质岩体是镁铁质岩浆浅部侵位的产物。因此~280Ma大量幔源岩浆底侵是塔里木大火成岩省中A型花岗岩形成的必要前提。     

藏南洛扎地区淡色花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素、地球化学与岩石成因

洛扎岩体位于高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带的东部,锆石U-Pb测年显示其形成年龄为17.7Ma。洛扎岩体的岩性主要为电气石二云母花岗岩和电气石白云母花岗岩,岩石富硅(SiO₂为73%~75%)、富钾(K₂O为3.9%~4.9%),强过铝(Al₂O₃为14.5%~15.5%,A/CNK大于1.1),属于高钾钙碱性系列的强过铝淡色花岗岩。岩石具有明显的轻重稀土分异和Eu负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.57),强烈富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。岩石具有高Rb/Sr(>4)、低CaO/Na₂O (0.19~0.26)的特征,指示了其源岩为泥质岩石。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_t和ε_Nd(t)值的变化范围分别为0.725802~0.727276和-13.4~-12.9; 锆石的ε_Hf(t)变化范围为-13.9~-7.5,其较大的变化范围暗示了洛扎淡色花岗岩源区具有不均一性。洛扎岩体可能的构造-岩石成因是,藏南拆离系的启动使深部减压,致使变泥质岩中的白云母发生脱水熔融而形成淡色花岗岩岩浆。岩浆通过STDS所形成的构造薄弱带上侵,沿STDS主拆离断层分布。所以洛扎淡色花岗岩形成于STDS启动所引起的地壳伸展、快速隆起背景下,构造减压所导致的变质岩中白云母的脱水熔融。     

粤西高枨铅锌银矿区黑云母花岗岩的年代学及岩石成因

粤西高枨大型铅锌银矿赋存在黑云母花岗岩中,本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得黑云母花岗岩的结晶年龄为429±13Ma,为早志留世,属于加里东期岩浆活动的产物。详细的地球化学分析显示岩石的SiO₂含量为(64.33%~74.54%,平均为68.67%),Al₂O₃含量偏高(13.88%~16.61%),碱质含量高(K₂O+Na₂O=5.31%~7.89%),低P₂O₅(<0.25%)含量,强过铝质(A/CNK=1.07~1.32)。岩石富集LREE和Rb、K、U、Pb,贫Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti元素,铕呈负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.38~0.90)。以上特征表明该岩体属于钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩。经年龄校正后的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值分别为17.458~18.131、15.563~15.638和37.547~38.406。Sr初始值变化范围较大((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.7091~0.7259),但ε_Nd(429Ma) 值相对较低 (-8.9~-6.1),暗示岩体来源于元古代(t_2DM=1.67~1.83Ga)的地壳组分,其源岩主要为含少量泥质的砂岩质组成。结合区域地质背景的综合分析,认为高枨黑云母花岗岩与华夏板块与扬子板块发生板内碰撞-拼合事件有关,由元古代地壳物质重熔形成的形成的S型花岗岩。     

早三叠世北澜沧江结合带碰撞作用:类乌齐花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素证据

西藏东部类乌齐一带吉塘岩群中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩,其Cameca锆石U-Pb年龄为246.3±0.8Ma,表明该变质花岗岩形成于早三叠世。该套变质侵入体具高SiO₂(68.21%~74.82%)、富K₂O(K₂O/Na₂O>1)和低P₂O₅(<0.26%)特征,铝饱和指数(ACNK)为1.01~1.19,属准铝质到过铝质岩石;富集Rb、Th和U,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Eu等;并具不均一的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(-1.3~+3.7)和古老的锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄(1.0~1.4Ga),具有碰撞型花岗岩的地球化学特征。类乌齐变质侵入体很可能形成于澜沧江结合带所代表的洋盆闭合后碰撞的地球动力学背景,可能是幔源岩浆诱发古老地壳物质重熔并与之混合形成母岩浆,再经历高程度分离结晶作用而形成,为北澜沧江结合带碰撞造山过程的产物,暗示澜沧江结合带在早三叠世存在岩浆增生事件,藏东类乌齐地区在246Ma之前己进入陆-陆碰撞时期。     

西秦岭夏河花岗岩的地球化学、年代学及地质意义

甘肃西秦岭夏河花岗岩主要由二长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩组成,岩体内发育较多暗色微粒包体。全岩地球化学分析结果表明,二长花岗岩SiO₂和全碱含量(分别为66.07%~69.18%、7.18%~7.69%)高于花岗闪长岩的平均值(分别为60.18%~66.22%、4.73%~6.72%),而 Al₂O₃ 和CaO含量(分别为15.21%~16.37%、2.23%~3.04%)则低于花岗闪长岩的平均值(分别为16.60%~17.39%、3.54%~5.86%),两类岩石的K₂O/Na₂O比值均大于1,Mg^#偏高(平均为55),铝饱和指数A/CNK介于1.0~1.1,属于弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩类。夏河花岗岩类富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土,(La/Yb)_N比值介于8.97~33.48,无或弱负Eu异常,以富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K并相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Zr为特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果确定夏河岩体的侵位年龄为244~248Ma,属印支早期。夏河花岗岩类具有较高的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i(0.70714~0.70743)、较低的ε_Nd(t)(-6.21~-8.36)和高放射性成因Pb(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.850~18.003,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.489~15.510,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.815~37.931)同位素组成,表明该花岗岩主要来自中元古代下地壳变基性岩的部分熔融,且幔源岩浆的参与可能对该岩体的形成具有重要作用。综合该区已有研究成果,本文提出夏河岩体形成于大陆边缘弧构造环境,推测西秦岭地区阿尼玛卿-勉略洋盆的闭合时间晚于244Ma。     

福建太武山花岗岩体成因: 锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素制约

太武山岩体位于福建东南沿海,为一大致呈北东向延伸的不规则状岩株体,出露面积约40km²。岩体主体岩性为中细粒花岗岩,环岩体北部边缘尚发育有似斑状黑云母花岗岩。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,岩体的形成年龄为96.9±1.3Ma(MSWD=1.09, 2σ),属晚白垩世早期岩浆活动产物。化学组成上,该岩体富硅,碱含量中等,弱过铝,铝饱和指数(A/NKC值)为1.01~1.04,碱铝指数(AKI值)为0.73~0.92,贫钙、镁、铁,属亚碱弱过铝质花岗岩类。微量和稀土元素组成上,岩体富Cs、Rb、U、Th、Pb和轻稀土,贫Ba、Sr、P、Ti,Rb/Sr比值高,具中到强的铕负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.85~0.04),其Zr、Nb、Ce、Y等高场强元素均较之典型A型花岗岩偏低,锆石饱和温度也较低(726~809℃),综合地质地球化学资料指示该岩体应属高分异的I型花岗岩。太武山花岗岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)值散布于正值与负值之间(-1.44~2.78),t_DM2值偏低(0.98~1.25Ga,平均值为1.06Ga),指示成岩过程中应有显著的亏损地幔组分参与。综合分析表明,岩体的形成首先经历了幔源岩浆与其诱发地壳物质熔融产生的长英质岩浆在地壳深部混合,随后这一混合岩浆又经进一步分异演化的二阶段成岩过程。     

华北克拉通北缘东段海沟岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成及其动力学背景

海沟岩体位于华北克拉通北缘东段,由二长岩和二长花岗岩组成。本文对该岩体主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和锆石的U-Pb年龄进行了系统研究。高精度锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,二长岩和二长花岗岩形成的精确年龄分别为322.9±3.4Ma和320.3±3.5Ma,为海西期构造-岩浆活动产物。海沟岩体为准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩,其K₂O/Na₂O比值介于0.51~0.93之间,A/CNK介于0.87~0.94之间。微量元素方面表现为轻稀土富集、轻重稀土分馏明显、弱铕正异常、大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、K)富集,以及高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、P)相对亏损等。锶同位素初始比值为(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i= 0.7054~0.7059, ε_Nd(t)=-10.4~-8.6,亏损地幔的钕模式年龄分别介于1.84~1.99Ga和1.84~1.93Ga之间。二长岩和二长花岗岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)变化范围分别为-7.6~-0.8和-11.5~-5.4,对应的两阶段Hf模式年龄分别为1.39~1.81Ga和1.67~2.06Ga。同位素特征表明两者可能来自中元古代和古元古代的下地壳物质的部分熔融,并可能有较多地幔物质的加入。根据其形成时代、岩石地球化学、同位素特征以及区域地质演化史,认为海沟岩体的形成可能与古生代古亚洲洋消减作用密切相关。     

河北赞皇地区许亭花岗岩的时代及成因:对华北克拉通中部带构造演化的制约

许亭花岗岩出露于赞皇杂岩中,位于河北省赞皇县西部山区,呈岩基状侵入新太古代TTG片麻岩和变质地层中,SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb年龄为2090±10Ma。岩体主要由钾长-二长花岗岩组成,无暗色包体,偶见围岩的捕掳体。岩体组成不均匀,局部含石英和少量钾长石斑晶,构成似斑状结构。主要的矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+绿帘石±白云母±角闪石,含萤石副矿物。岩石具有高硅(SiO₂＞75%)、富碱(ALK=6.90%~8.75%)、低铝(Al₂O₃ =10.32%~11.64%)、钛(TiO₂=0.26%~0.36%)和贫钙(CaO=0.18%~0.48%)、镁(MgO=0.16%~0.40%)、铁(Fe₂O^T₃=2.58%~3.46%)的特征,为偏铝质到弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的稀土总量较高(293.8×10^-6 ~702.8×10^-6),轻稀土相对富集,有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.1~0.35)。微量元素中,富Zr、Nb和Y,而贫Ba、Sr和P等元素,Rb/Sr比值较高,介于1.45~7.52之间,平均4.31。岩石还具有高的Ga/Al值(3.04×10^-6~4.08×10^-6),具有A型花岗岩特征。在同位素组成方面,具有较低的ε_Nd(t)值(-14.29~-0.29,平均为-5.58)。许亭花岗岩具有板内花岗岩特征,可能与2.1Ga时岩浆板底垫托,导致新太古代TTG岩石部分熔融,并可能有少量古老地壳物质加入。根据岩体性质及岩石组合等特征推测赞皇、阜平、五台等地区的2.1Ga岩浆活动形成于统一的拉张裂解环境。     

皖南旌德花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的成因: 地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素制约

旌德复式岩体位于安徽南部,主体相花岗闪长岩中发育暗色包体。本文对花岗闪长岩与暗色包体进行了岩相学观察、全岩主微量元素分析、锆石U-Pb定年与Hf同位素测试。岩相学观察发现暗色包体为典型岩浆岩结构,且发育针状磷灰石。主量元素分析数据表明花岗闪长岩的SiO₂含量为66.04%~67.80%;暗色包体的SiO₂含量为54.63%~54.77%,为二长闪长岩。花岗闪长岩的Mg^#=38~40;暗色包体的Mg^#=44~45。微量元素分析数据表明花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的REE球粒陨石标准化图呈右倾型,Eu负异常;大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损。锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素研究表明,花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的年龄分别为139.7±1.3Ma和142.3±1.7Ma,在误差范围内一致。花岗闪长岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)为-2.5~0.4,地壳模式年龄(t_DM^C)为1170~1350Ma;暗色包体锆石的ε_Hf(t)为-5.2~1.8,地壳模式年龄(t_DM^C)为1090~1530Ma。两者的t_DM^C峰值都在1.2~1.3Ga。这些数据表明花岗闪长岩中的暗色包体为同源岩浆混合成因,源区为年轻地壳,有可能为中新元古代古华南洋壳俯冲扬子板块形成的火山岛弧。旌德花岗闪长岩在Pearce et al.(1984)的构造判别图上落在岛弧花岗岩区。在Sr/Y-Y图解上落在经典岛弧岩浆岩区。花岗闪长岩的岩浆Zr饱和温度低(630~680℃),与锆石钛温度计(630~720℃)给出的结果基本一致。锆石的Ce(Ⅳ)/Ce(Ⅲ)高(240~530),指示岩浆具有高的氧逸度。旌德岩体的低温与高氧逸度特征说明岩体的源区物质受到过洋壳俯冲的影响。旌德岩体的成因可能与太平洋板块后撤诱发的地壳部分熔融有关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of