溶解作用对南海北部沉积物捕获器碳、氮通量估算的影响

由于化学溶出、物理溶解以及胞外酶等作用,沉积物捕获器中颗粒物在锚系布放期间会发生一定程度的溶解,从而引起沉积物捕获器中碳、氮颗粒物通量的低估。本文对于1987—1988年南海北部中深层沉积物捕获器中碳、氮颗粒物的溶解作用进行了研究。溶解作用对于碳、氮通量估算的影响大致随着深度的增加而减小。总体而言,颗粒有机碳通量低估约3.8%~40.3%,平均值为26.6%。颗粒氮通量低估约4.2%~76.4%,平均值为43.7%。碳、氮颗粒物的溶出量与颗粒物通量大小关系不明显,但是样品储存时间对于碳、氮颗粒物溶解作用的影响较显著,储存时间较长的样品中颗粒物溶出量更大。     

1991年皮纳图博火山灰沉降物对南海海洋环境及硅藻生长的影响

通过对菲律宾皮纳图博(Pinatubo)火山1991年6月爆发前后南海表层沉积物及沉降颗粒物中的硅藻丰度及群落组成进行分析,试图揭示皮纳图博火山爆发对南海硅藻生长的影响.研究发现,火山爆发后南海沉积物中硅藻相对丰度显著减少,原因主要在于皮纳图博火山喷发物大量沉积于南海深海,显著提高了南海沉积速率,同时稀释了沉积物中生源...     

南海晚第四纪的硅藻遗体及其地质意义：Ⅰ.硅藻种类及其生态环境

南海北部和中部三个晚第四纪柱样沉积物中，鉴定出硅藻５６属１９３种和变种。其中，相对含量大于１０％的硅藻种有１５种，相对含量５％－１０％的种有９种，相对含量１％－５％的种有４１种，依据硅藻的地理分布，确定了其中１８种常见硅藻的生态环境。     

南海表层沉积物与水柱中沉降颗粒物对比研究及其古环境再造意义

分析了南海62个表层沉积物样品中生源(有机质、碳酸钙和蛋白石)和非生源(岩源物质)组分的含量变化和分布特征,并以沉积学分区为基础,结合5个沉积物捕获器站位,将南海划分为N、C-NE、SW和S 4个区域,对比分析了各区表层沉积物和水柱中沉降颗粒物中各组分含量、沉积通量分布特征和变化,探讨了表层沉积物的输出生产力、沉降颗粒物的初级生产力及真光层下100 m输出生产力三者之间的对应关系.结果显示:南海4个海域表层沉积物中各组分平均含量多数低于沉降颗粒物中的平均含量,而碳酸钙、岩源物质的沉积通量却多数高于沉降颗粒物中的沉积通量,分析得出表层沉积物中各组分平均含量和沉积通量不仅受水柱中各组分输出量影响,还受到陆源物质输入、溶解作用和上层水体营养盐影响.南海表层沉积物中生源组分沉积通量大小对应其输出生产力的大小.但是,由于陆源有机质、生源颗粒侧向漂移的影响,表层沉积物的输出生产力大小分布并不完全对应沉降颗粒物的初级生产力大小分布,尽管南海真光层下100 m输出生产力与沉降颗粒物的初级生产力比值与世界大洋"f"比平均值基本一致,但是,明显低于表层沉积物的输出生产力大小,只有在沉降颗粒物的初级生产力较高区域,真光层下100 m输出生产力大小才最接近表层沉积物的输出生产力大小.     

南海海气界面潜热通量的分布特征及其对西南季风爆发影响的初步分析

利用1982年1月至2001年12月逐日的Re_NCEP南海海表面潜热通量资料,分析了南海夏季西南季风爆发早年和晚年潜热通量在南海的时空分布特征;并通过相关对比诊断分析了潜热通量对西南季风爆发及强度的影响,初步给出了其动力学机理。结果表明,季风爆发早、晚年的前一年冬季至初春(12~3月),南海南部(5°~13°N,100°~120°E)和北部(13°~22°N,105°~120°E)的潜热通量距平符号相反,呈现反位相,季风爆发早(晚)年,前一年冬季至次年初春,南海北部的潜热通量为正(负)距平,南海南部则为负(正)距平;在季风爆发的早年和晚年,南海潜热通量表现出明显的差异,春、夏、秋季南海潜热通量正距平持续时间短(长),季风强度偏弱(强)。南海北部的潜热通量和南海北部季风强度隔季正相关。当潜热通量为正(负)距平时,同期和滞后1~3个月的海温均为负(正)异常,加大(减小)了春季南海和周围陆地陆暖海冷的海陆温差,有利于西南季风在南海北部的早(晚)爆发,西南风异常偏强(弱)。     

《南海及沿岸地区第四纪孢粉藻类与环境分析》一书简介

南海是我国目前海上石油勘探与开发的重要海区,而海区及沿岸第四纪沉积研究,是海上石油开发的工程地质重要背景资料.我国南海海区第四纪孢粉藻类研究较差.本书系统研究了南海中北部及沿岸地区第四纪硅藻、孢粉组合,并借助计算机运算,应用因子分析、系统聚类、模糊聚类、对应分析等数理统计方法划带,恢复其硅藻植物群、孢粉植物群,探讨其演替和古气候、古环境变化,确定地层时代,进行地层划分与对比.本书系统研究了南海陆架和中部深海盆地表层沉积的硅藻、孢粉分布规律、组合特征及分区;探讨了孢粉组合、硅藻植物群的特点与环境的关系;南海北部陆缘热带、南亚热带第四纪植被带移动与古气候变化幅度;对结节圆筛藻壳体大小与古环境的相关性     

南海北部15 kaBP以来表层海水温度变化:来自海洋硅藻的记录

对西太平洋边缘海148个表层硅藻样品中菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)及其小形变种(Thalassionema nitzschioidesvar.parva)的分布与表层海水温度(SST)之间关系进行研究,将菱形海线藻小形变种与所有菱形海线藻百分含量的比值(简称硅藻Rparva值)视为温度指数,开展南海北部MD05-2904孔附近海域15kaBP以来表层海水温度变化研究。结果表明:(1)南海北部15 kaBP以来表层海水温度呈现明显的阶段性波动特点,即末次冰消期气候转暖过程中,12.9~11.5 kaBP前后温度略有下降,与新仙女木事件对应,全新世南海北部气候依次经历了升温期、高温期和降温期3个变化阶段;(2)全新世大暖期鼎盛期结束后,南海北部海水温度阶段下降,两次明显降温分别发生于4 kaBP前后和1.5 kaBP前后;(3)MD05-2904孔硅藻Rparva值时间序列曲线与董哥洞D4石笋δ18O曲线对比表明,南海北部表层海水温度变化与末次冰消期以来东亚季风强度变化关系较为密切。     

南海北部表层沉积硅藻及其与环境关系探讨

本文在指出了南海常见硅藻种类地理分布的基础上,将南海北部表层沉积硅藻划分为五个组合和二个亚 组合,并将其与所在分布区的海洋水文、地质地貌等条件相对照,着重研究了硅藻组合与沉积环境之间的关系。     

南海中部表层沉积硅藻分布的初步研究

本文通过对南海中部80个表层沉积物样品的硅藻分析,共鉴定硅藻129种,划分出结节圆筛藻-辐射圆筛藻-具槽直链藻-条纹小环藻组合、结节圆筛藻-楔形半盘藻-菱形海线藻-海洋菱形藻组合、结节圆筛藻-楔形半盘藻-海洋菱形藻组合等3个硅藻组合区。文章根据硅藻的数量分布,分析了其控制因素,并根据培氏根管藻和淡水硅藻分布,讨论了黑潮和陆地径流对本区的影响。     

南海北部海面高度季节变化的机制

利用POM模式对南海环流进行了数值模拟和数值试验 ,结果表明 :南海北部SSH的变化主要应归于南海局地的动力、热力强迫和黑潮的影响 ;黑潮对南海北部SSH平均态的影响要大于对SSH异常场的影响 ;对于南海北部深水区冬季局地风应力与浮力通量的作用相反量级相同 ,黑潮对南海北部SSH的控制作用在冬季显得最重要 ,约占 50 %～ 80 % ;春季 ,夏季和秋季 ,局地风应力、浮力通量和黑潮三者都使深水区SSH上升 ,局地风应力使深水海盆SSH上升的作用约占 4 0 %～ 6 0 % ,浮力通量的作用约占 2 0 % ,黑潮的影响约占 2 0 %～ 30 % .在夏季 ,尽管南海北部深水海盆SSH达到全年最高 ,但黑潮对南海北部深水海盆SSH的贡献最小 .在广东沿岸陆架海域 ,SSH季节变化的机制与深水海盆SSH季节变化的机制不同 :春、夏季 ,局地风应力使SSH上升的作用几乎与浮力通量使SSH下降的作用相当 ;秋、冬季 ,东北季风使SSH上升的作用大于浮力通量和黑潮使SSH下降的作用 ,陆架区SSH为正 ,且在海南岛附近达到最大值     

南海夏季风爆发日期与次表层水温对夏季风的影响

根据实测资料，初步确定南海夏季风平均爆发日期是5月16日(即5月的第4候)，分析了南海中北部次表层水温变化与南海夏季风活动的关系。在1981-2000年期间，偏冷年份有1981、1984、1986、1990和1992年，偏暖年份有1983、1993、1995、1998、1999和2000年，其余年份为正常年。南海夏季风爆发的迟(早)与南海中北部次表层水温持续偏冷(偏暖)现象关系密切；南海中北部次表层水温6—10月异常偏冷(偏暖)时，南海夏季风则提早(推迟)结束，来年南海夏季风推迟(提早)爆发。8-12月西沙水温异常偏冷(偏暖)时，南海夏季风提早(推迟)结束，来年南海夏季风推迟(提早)爆发。     

Air-sea heat flux exchange over the South China Sea under different weather conditions before and after southwest monsoon onset in 2000

With the data observed from the Second SCS Air-Sea Flux Experiment on the Xisha air-sea flux research tower, the radiation budget, latent, sensible heat fluxes and net oceanic heat budgets were caculated before and after summer monsoon onset. It is discovered that, after summer monsoon onset, there are considerable changes in air-sea fluxes, especially in latent heat fluxes and net oceanic heat budget. Furthermore, the analyzed results of five synoptic stages are compared. And the characteristics of the flux transfer during different stages around onset of South China Sea monsoon are discussed. The flux change shows that there is an oceanic heat accumulating process during the pre-onset and the break period, as same as oceanic heat losing process during the onset period. Moreover, latent fluxes, the water vapor moving to the continent, even the rainfall appearance in Chinese Mainland also can be influenced by southwester. Comparing Xisha fluxes with those obtained from the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, their differences may be obeerved. It is the reason why SSTs can keep stableover the South China Sea while they decrease quickly over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal aftermonsoon onset.     

2000年南海季风爆发前后西沙海域海-气热量交换特征

利用2000年5月6日至6月17日在西沙海域进行的第二次南海海-气通量观测资料,计算了南海季风爆发前后海洋-大气间的辐射收支、感热通量、潜热通量及海洋热量净收支;发现季风爆发后海-气热量交换突然发生变化,其中潜热通量、海洋热量净收支变化尤为显著。讨论了季风爆发前后各种天气过程影响下海-气热量、水汽交换特点和海洋热量净收支变化,说明季风爆发前海洋是一个能量积累过程,季风爆发期海洋是一个能量释放过程,季风中断期海洋是一个能量再积累过程;季风爆发后西南大风期持续时间和强度,强烈影响水汽蒸发量大小,进而影响我国大陆上夏季降水,通过南海与阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、西太平洋暖池等不同海域资料对比,分析了它们在海-气热量交换上的差别,指出这种差别是爆发后南海SST基本稳定而阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾SST明显降低的主要原因。     

2008/2009年冬季南海冷涌天气过程的海-气热通量交换及热量收支

冬季风期(11月—翌年3月)南海显著的气候特点是盛行东北季风并频繁地发生冷涌天气过程。使用2008年10月到2009年4月在西沙群岛永兴岛近海进行的海-气通量观测试验资料,分析了西沙海域冬季风期,尤其是冷涌时段的海-气通量交换和热量收支特征。结果表明:冬季风前期由于海-气温差增大,感热通量比西南季风期稍增加;潜热通量平均值与西南季风期接近;太阳总辐射明显降低,大气长波辐射减小,海洋热量净收入成为负值,使得秋季之后海面温度不断降低。冷涌期间海-气之间的感热通量高于冬季风期平均值,潜热通量大部分(1月份之前)也高于冬季风期平均值;由于潜热通量增大和太阳短波辐射减小,1月份之前的冷涌过程海洋热量净收支普遍出现较大负值,海洋失热量强于冬季风期,甚至强于2008年台风过程平均值。到了冬季后期太阳总辐射增强,海洋热量净收入转为正值,海水温度又逐渐升高。季节之间比较,观测区感热通量以冬季风期间最大,秋季次之,春季最小;而潜热通量夏季风期出现最大值,冬季次之,秋季最小。     

Upper-ocean variation in the northern South China Sea from mooring station observations

I~IOXThe northern South China Sea is the frontal region for the water exchange between the sleuthChina Sea (SCS) and its neighboring seas. Its northeast part connects to the East China hothrough the Taiwan Strait and the east part ~ates with the Pacific Ocean by the LUZOn Strait.The a~heric interface over the northern SCS is the important paSSage for the South China Seamourn. Therefore, the uPPer vallationS Of the northern SCS are not Only affected by the dynndc and thermed~c d…     

Characteristics of Sea Surface Circulation and Eddy Field in the South China Sea Revealed by Satellite Altimetric Data

Temporal and spatial variations of sea surface circulation in the South China Sea were revealed with use of altimetric data provided by TOPEX/POSEIDON from December 1992 to October 1997. The estimated distribution of sea surface dynamic heights from altimetric data coincide well with the results of observation by Soong et al. (1995) and Chu et al. (1998). The RMS variability of sea surface dynamic height, which is obtained after tidal correction based on Yanagi et al. (1997), is high in the central part of the South China Sea, the Gulf of Tongking, the Sunda Shelf and the Gulf of Thailand. The high RMS variability in the Gulf of Tongking, the Sunda Shelf and the Gulf of Thailand is due to set up and set down of sea water by the East Asian monsoon, which is northeasterly during winter and southwesterly during summer. Also, the high RMS variability in the central part of the South China Sea is due to the variations of basin-wide circulation. The circulations are dominant in the central part of the South China Sea during summer and winter, an anticyclonic circulation during summer and a cyclonic circulation during winter. It is suggested that these circulations are controlled by the East Asian monsoon. Hence, there is an interannual variability of the basin-wide circulation associated with the variation of the East Asian monsoon.     

南沙群岛海域混合层深度季节变化特征

基于南沙群岛海域综合科学考察11个航次的实测资料,研究了南沙群岛海域的混合层深度季节变化特征。研究结果表明,南沙群岛海域混合层深度存在明显的季节变化,并且与季风和海表热通量的变化密切相关。春季,风速较小且风向不稳定,海面得到的净热通量全年最大,上层水体层结稳定,混合层深度较小;夏季,南海西南季风盛行,上层为反气旋式环流,海面得到的净热通量减少,混合层呈加深的趋势;秋季,海面净热通量继续减少,混合层深度达到最大值;冬季,东北季风驱动下形成的上层气旋式环流引起深层冷水的上升,限制了混合层的加深。     

Fluxes of amino acids and hexosamines to the deep South China Sea

Settling particles collected by sediment traps deployed between 1987 and 1999 in the northern, central and southwestern South China Sea (SCS) were analysed to study seasonal, interannual and spatial variations in the composition and flux of labile particulate matter. Results were combined with remote-sensing and surface-sediment data in order to describe the factors controlling the preservation of organic matter en route from the upper ocean to the seafloor. Organic carbon, amino acid and hexosamine fluxes generally follow the fluxes of total particulate matter, with maxima during the SW and NE monsoon periods. During non-El Niño conditions spectral amino acid distributions show that degradation of organic matter in the water column decreases as the flux rates increase. This is suggested to be the combined result of enhanced primary productivity, greater input of lithogenics serving as ballast to increase settling rates, and sorption of labile components to clay minerals. During El Niño conditions, in contrast, the degree of organic matter degradation is at very high and comparable levels at all trap sites. Flux component seasonality is strongly reduced except for the coastal upwelling areas, particularly off central Vietnam, which show significantly higher fluxes of organic carbon and lithogenic matter as compared to the open SCS. This suggests that the fluxes are affected by lateral advection of reworked organic matter from riverine sources or resuspended sediments from the nearby shelf/slope. Comparison of the measured organic carbon fluxes in 1200 m depth with those accumulating in surface sediments results in a more than 80% loss of organic matter before final burial in the sediments. The degree of organic matter preservation in the surface sediments of the deep SCS is distinctly lower than in other monsoonal oceans. This may be due to varying lithogenic input and almost complete dissolution of protective biogenic mineral matrices at greater water depth.     

春夏季季风转换期南海南部的异常表层水

对1985－1998年期间的海洋调查温盐深（CTD）资料进行综合分析，发现南海南部春夏季季风转换期存在盐度逆转的异常表层水。实测资料表明，该异常表层水覆盖在南海南部的中部、东部大部分地区。冬季风停止引起苏禄海高温高超国水西向侵入，成为该海区东部近表面异常高盐水的来源之一。海面强的蒸发和表层水弱的垂向混合导致近表面水具有高盐特性，近表面高盐水与其下部保持着冬季遗存的局地低盐水叠置，形成了盐度逆转现象。     

Monsoon-driven succession of the larval fish assemblage in the East China Sea shelf waters off northern Taiwan

The seasonal variation in the larval fish community related to the hydrography in the East China Sea (ECS) off northern Taiwan was studied from February to November 2004. Hydrographic conditions in the southern ECS are strongly influenced by the different water masses due to the seasonal monsoon system. A total of 173 taxa of larval fish belonging to 68 families and 105 genera were identified during the study period. The highest abundance of larval fish was recorded in winter, a moderate abundance was seen in late spring and summer, and the lowest abundance in autumn. Significantly higher abundances were usually found in the mixing zone than in ECS and the Kuroshio Current, and the number of species of larval fish was greater during the warm period than during the cold period. The larval fish fauna in the southern ECS is a mixture of endemic and exotic species; the latter come from the coastal waters of mainland China when the northeasterly monsoon prevails, from the South China Sea during the southwesterly monsoon, and from the Kuroshio waters year-round. The succession of water masses induced by the monsoon systems and the high nutrient levels caused by frontal turbulence and topographic upwelling may determine the distributions of larval fish in terms of abundance and composition.