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1.
新元古代冰期事件记录了“雪球地球”事件重要的地质信息。塔里木盆地周缘新元古代冰碛岩地层露头发育,是研究新元古代冰期事件的理想基地。由于发育多套新元古代火山岩,盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区新元古代冰碛岩地层时代已获得较多年代学数据约束;但盆地周缘其他地区新元古代冰碛岩地层公开报道年代学数据较少,不能准确限定其沉积时代,导致冰期事件对比存在争论。为此,本文选择塔里木盆地研究程度较低的西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰碛岩地层,开展岩石学、同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等研究,明确其冰期沉积特征,约束其沉积时代,开展冰期事件对比,讨论古气候风化条件等。南华系波龙组和雨塘组冰碛岩地层具有较低的化学蚀变指数(CIA),分别代表新元古代2次寒冷的冰川气候记录。冰川沉积及其相邻层位的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学数据显示,波龙冰期的起始年龄晚于(710±13) Ma,与全球Sturtian冰期对应;雨塘冰期的起始年龄不会早于(656±18) Ma,其结束年龄可被南华系顶界年龄635 Ma或上覆震旦系库尔卡克组碎屑锆石年龄(634±9) Ma限定,与全球Marinoan冰期对应。 相似文献
2.
新元古代冰期及其年代 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
新元古代在全球范围内出现了几期冰期事件,称之为“雪球地球”事件。这种剧烈的环境变化带来此后地球上生命演化的一次飞跃。“雪球地球”事件的核心是全球冰期的同时性,需要同位素地质年代学的证据。新元古代末期两次主要的冰期事件是Marinoan冰期和Sturtian冰期,其中Marinoan冰期结束于635Ma;Sturtian冰期可能发生在710~720Ma,已发表的年龄数据限定它在670Ma之前结束。Marinoan冰期后的Gaskiers冰期发生在580~590Ma。对华南的古城、铁丝坳、长安组、江口组等进行进一步精确定年,将对限定Sturtian冰期持续时间和Cryogenian、南华系的下限年龄具有重要意义。 相似文献
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前寒武纪 (4.6 Ga~541 Ma) 占据约90%的地球发展历史。该时期大气成分、海洋氧化还原条件、全球气候和生命演化历程等均发生极大程度的改变,为现在的地球系统奠定了基础。地球轨道参数是描述地球系统演化过程的重要指标,对于研究日地系统、地月系统及地球本身演化具有重要意义。近年来一些学者在全球范围内2650~550 Ma地层中成功识别出大量可靠的地球轨道参数。本文通过总结前寒武纪地球轨道参数,分析了地球外动力系统和地球深部动力系统对于地球轨道参数的影响;并以前寒武纪重大地质事件为基础,进一步阐述了地球轨道参数对于地球表生环境的影响。 相似文献
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通过分析三峡地区九龙湾剖面新元古代盖帽碳酸盐岩的稀土元素和锶同位素组成,对新元古代“雪球地球”事件结束后水体的性质提供了制约。盖帽碳酸盐岩的REE配分模式具有轻重稀土元素亏损的特征,存在轻微Y正异常以及较高的Y/Ho值,没有明显的La异常。这些特征与受淡水影响的陆缘盆地、湖泊等沉积环境相似,而不同于正常海水。这表明盖帽碳酸盐岩不是正常的海相沉积物,而是发育在淡水与海水混合环境中的沉积物。盖帽碳酸盐岩具有较高的87Sr/86Sr值,这是由于新元古代“雪球地球”事件结束后大量陆源风化物的输入引起的。因此,盖帽碳酸盐岩较高的87Sr/86Sr值不能代表当时全球海水信息,只能反映局部混合水体的信息。轻微的Ce负异常显示陡山沱组早期水体处于弱氧化状态。盖帽碳酸盐岩的REE和Sr同位素综合特征表明在新元古代“雪球地球”事件结束后,陡山沱组早期水体是携带大量陆源风化物的冰融水与海水混合的水体,而且此时的混合水体处于弱氧化状态。 相似文献
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新元古代的"雪球地球" 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
储雪蕾 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2004,23(3):233-238
“雪球地球”假说的提出解释了一些新元古代冰川现象,如低纬度和低海拔冰川沉积、帽碳酸盐岩、负的碳酸盐δ^13C漂移和BIF铁矿等现象。尽管有不同的假说与解释,但“雪球地球”最为流行。“雪球地球”事件被认为起因于地球系统的变化,如Rodinia超大陆的裂解、超级地幔柱的活动及古地磁真极的漂移等。“雪球地球”的极端气候环境变化,促进了生命的演化,造成了寒武纪生物大爆发。 相似文献
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新元古代”雪球”假说与生命演化的环境 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
新元古代末期,地球至少经历了两次全球性的冰川作用,研究者提出了“雪球”假说来解释新元古代时期一系列特殊的地质现象,该假说已成为研究新元古代全球冰川作用和其后生物大爆发事件的窗口。但一些学者并不赞成地球曾经是被冰雪完全覆盖的“雪球”,并分别提出了“半融雪球/无冰水体”和“薄冰”假说。尽管每一种假说都不能解释所有的地质、地球化学现象,但越来越越多的证据,特别是分子有机地球化学和古生物学的证据表明,“雪球”时期的海洋并没有完全被冰封盖,在赤道地区的冰盖可能很薄或存在无冰的水体。无冰水体的存在可以使一些光合生物继续生存和演化,这对其后的“寒武纪生物大爆发”事件和生命演化具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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全吉群是不整合于柴达木北缘全吉(欧龙布鲁克)地块变质基底之上的第一套盖层型沉积,目前多数研究者认为其时代大体为新元古代晚期。本文在柴北缘全吉山的全吉群红藻山组建组剖面上,对位于该组下部的两层凝灰岩开展了LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年研究,获得其岩浆锆石的U-Pb同位素年龄分别为(1 640±15) Ma和(1 646±20) Ma,标定了红藻山组的形成年龄,为柴北缘中新元古界年代地层的重新厘定与划分,提供了新的、直接的年代学约束,具有重要的科学意义。首先,这一新进展表明,在柴北缘地区,传统的全吉群红藻山组以下各组的时代,并非一直以来的“新元古代晚期南华纪-震旦纪(埃迪卡拉纪)”,而应属于国内的中元古代长城纪、国际上的古元古代固结纪(Statherian,1 800~1 600 Ma)晚期;其次,根据当前定年并结合新近在红藻山组与上覆地层之间发现有古风化壳及区域性不整合、全吉群上部发育有埃迪卡拉纪化石及冰碛砾岩等证据,本文进一步确认,柴北缘全吉群在红藻山组与其上覆黑土山组等地层单位之间其实存在着相当长时间的地层缺失,传统的“全吉群”应予解体。由此并参考已有资料,本文认为,早先代表柴达木地块形成的“全吉运动”并不能与华南的“晋宁运动”对比,而应与华北的“吕梁运动”相当,全吉地块乃至整个柴达木及周边地区的中、新元古代地质演化历史及其大地构造亲缘属性等,都应重新予以考虑。 相似文献
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新元古代沉积变质铁矿床是继大氧化事件(GOE)后,沉积间断10亿年(~1800 Ma至~750 Ma)之后,再次大规模出现的一种沉积铁建造类型。这类铁建造与新元古代冰碛岩密切伴生,是新元古代雪球地球事件的重要证据。文章选择与新元古代雪球地球事件有关的沉积变质赤铁矿床—库鲁克赛铁矿进行研究,通过锆石U-Pb定年和区域地层对比工作限定其形成时代为新元古代青白口纪末期—南华纪早期。锆石年龄谱值对比和岩相学研究表明,铁矿床中的碎屑物质主要来自于青白口系下部独断山组石英砂岩地层。主、微量元素研究表明,库鲁克赛铁矿形成于相对富氧或者从贫氧向富氧变化的环境,其成矿元素应主要与陆源物质风化有关,可能有少量成矿元素来自于低温海底热液或海水。笔者认为,库鲁克赛铁矿的形成与成冰纪冰水沉积作用有关,来自冰下水体、从冰下通道中流出的富铁缺氧水溶液与富氧的表层海水混合时,成矿元素快速氧化沉淀,胶结冰水中的近源砾石,进而形成了此种富铁砾岩型铁矿。 相似文献
11.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(3):1153-1163
Encounters with nebulae, such as supernova remnants and dark clouds in the galaxy, can lead to an environmental catastrophe on the Earth through the negative climate forcings and destruction of the ozone layer by enhanced fluxes of cosmic rays and cosmic dust particles. A resultant reduction in primary productivity leads to mass extinctions through depletion of oxygen and food starvations as well as anoxia in the ocean. The model shows three levels of hierarchical time variations caused by supernova encounters (1–10 kyrs), dark cloud encounters (0.1–10 Myrs), and starbursts (~ 100 Myrs), respectively. This “Nebula Winter” model can explain the catastrophic phenomena such as snowball Earth events, repeated mass extinctions, and Cambrian explosion of biodiversities which took place in the late Proterozoic era through the Cambrian period. The Late Neoproterozoic snowball Earth event covers a time range of ca. 200 Myrs long spanning from 770 Ma to the end of Cambrian period (488 Ma) with two snowball states called Sturtian and Marinoan events. Mass extinctions occurred at least eight times in this period, synchronized with large fluctuations in δ13C of carbonates in the sediment. Each event is likely to correspond to each nebula encounter. In other words, the late Neoproterozoic snowball Earth and Cambrian explosion are possibly driven by a starburst, which took place around 0.6 Ga in the Milky Way Galaxy. The evidences for a Nebula Winter can be obtained from geological records in sediment in the deep oceans at those times. 相似文献
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略论全新世海面变化的波动性及其环境意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据统计分析、模型模拟、虚拟试验和多种海面变化代用资料的研究结果,提出了全新世中国东部海面和全球平均海面千年尺度波动期和两千年来中国东部海面百年尺度波动期的划分方案,分析了这些波动与同期全球和中国温度波动之间的对应关系。以长江三角洲地区为例,探讨了全新世千年-百年尺度海面波动对沿海地区海陆环境演变和人地关系的影响,提出了三角洲和沿海平原全新世海陆交互作用研究应注意从趋势模式向波动模式推进的建议。 相似文献
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晚上新世-早更新世时期是全球环境发生转折的重要过渡时期。银川盆地位于中国西北内陆地区,同时又处于干旱与半干旱区域的交界地带,在盆地内部蕴藏着丰富的新生代沉积,是研究古环境演化的理想区域,深度为720.77 m的PL02钻孔位于盆地内部的沉降中心附近,属于典型沉降盆地的洪泛沉积环境。本文选取银川盆地PL02钻孔下部(深度705.7~247.9 m)晚上新世-早更新世时期(古地磁年龄3.3~1.5 Ma)的孢粉、磁化率及粒度等指标,通过孢粉分析、频谱分析和小波变换等方法,恢复了银川盆地晚上新世-早更新世时期的古环境演化特征,并对该时期的古气候变化周期进行分析。研究结果显示:银川盆地在晚上新世时期(约2.8 Ma)气候已经开始逐渐变冷变干;进入早更新世时期(约2.6 Ma),研究区气候变得更加干旱并且冷暖波动较大;同时,孢粉、磁化率和粒度等指标均反映出银川盆地晚上新世-早更新世时期古气候变化具有较显著的约20 ka的岁差周期与约40 ka的地轴倾角周期,但约100 ka的地球轨道偏心率周期仅在个别指标中有所表现。另外,本研究结果与中国黄土高原和深海氧同位素记录所揭示的晚上新世-早更新世时期气候变化周期较为一致。因此,认为银川盆地在该时期的气候波动可能受到了地球轨道因素的影响,且与全球环境变化具有相似性。
相似文献14.
在我国北方干旱-半干旱区,以过去气候变化记录为主线,探讨了地质环境的变化过程及其分析方法;在时间尺度上,通过综合研究分别在青藏高原、黄土高原和华北平原建立了概念化的高分辨率气候指标(温度、降水)演化过程曲线,作为分区的特征演化曲线;在空间尺度上,对研究较深入的现代和全新世最佳期(7500aB.P.前后)、18000aB。P.前后的冷期等时段的地质环境状况进行重建;利用空间分析计算机软件,对典型时段的地质环境状况进行连续空间分析,进而由分区特征演化曲线与典型时段地质环境空间分布模型耦合。这一分析对认识我国北方干旱-半干旱区今后的环境变化是十分有益的。 相似文献
15.
A New Progress of the Proterozoic Chronostratigraphical Division 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a "Cryptozoic Eon" that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features(except for the Ediacaran Period). This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras(except for the Ediacaran Period). Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chronostratigraphical division:(1) the definition of the Archean–Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology;(2) the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad orogenic characteristics, which has not met with requests on the concept of modern stratigraphy, except for the Ediacaran Period. In the revised chronostratigraphic scheme for the Proterozoic, the Archean–Proterozoic boundary is placed at the major change from a reducing early Earth to a cooler, more modern Earth characterized by the supercontinent cycle, a major change that occurred at ca. 2420 Ma. Thus, a revised Proterozoic Eon(2420–542 Ma) is envisaged to extend from the Archean–Proterozoic boundary at ca. 2420 Ma to the end of the Ediacaran Period, i.e., a period marked by the progressive rise in atmospheric oxygen, supercontinent cyclicity, and the evolution of more complex(eukaryotic) life. As with the current Proterozoic Eon, a revised Proterozoic Eon based on chronostratigraphy is envisaged to consist of three eras(Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic), but the boundary ages for these divisions differ from their current ages and their subdivisions into periods would also differ from current practice. A scheme is proposed for the chronostratigraphic division of the Proterozoic, based principally on geodynamic and geobiological events and their expressions in the stratigraphic record. Importantly, this revision of the Proterozoic time scale will be of significant benefit to the community as a whole and will help to drive new research that will unveil new information about the history of our planet, since the Proterozoic is a significant connecting link between the preceding Precambrian and the following Phanerozoic. 相似文献
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N. M. Chumakov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(2):107-119
Ideas of global glaciations on the Earth repeatedly emerged in geology since the middle of the 19th century, but they all did not withstand the test of time. The hypothesis of snowball Earth that suggests long-lasted continuous glaciations over the entire land and oceans in the Late Riphean and Vendian became a popular topic of discussions worldwide. These glaciations must last continuously 15 million years or more owing to enormous stability of climate on the “White Earth,” and one can expect their cessation only when CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is getting by several orders of magnitude higher in the course of volcanic eruptions. However, many sections of the Late Precambrian glacial deposits evidence repeated alternations of glacial and interglacial events of variable rank and oscillations of glaciers. Consequently, liquid water existed on the Earth, hydrological cycle had not been interrupted, and development of phototrophic phytoplankton, the eukaryotic organisms inclusive, was always in progress. These facts and results of the climate mathematical simulation are inconsistent with the concept of long continuous glaciations over the globe and their consequences. Paleomagnetic data represent main starting point of the snowball Earth hypothesis, although they are to a great extent still of insufficient validity for the Precambrian. Equitable criticism of the hypothesis weak sides turns sometimes into denying all the glacial periods of the Late Proterozoic, when tillites are regarded in majority as deposits of subaqueous slumps and debris flows accumulated on walls of oceanic rifts prograding along splitting lines into the Rodinia continent. Doubtless marks of glaciations in the sedimentary succession are regarded therewith as heterochronous indications of local mountain glaciers on risen shoulders of prograding rifts. Widespread occurrence of the Late Precambrian discrete glacial horizons on the platforms means, however, that glaciations of that time have been associated not always with the rifts and consisted of separate glacial events. Glaciogenic horizons comparable in thickness and structure with those of the Phanerozoic Eonothem are also indicative of discrete glacial periods in the Precambrian. Being confined predominantly to the Late Precambrian succession of rifts, these horizons characterize a high burial potential of these structures, whereas outside them glacial horizons of lesser thickness could be easily subjected to erosion. The hypothesis of snowball Earth is inadequately consistent with well-known facts and needs in additional substantiation. There are also grounds to think that oceans have not been completely covered with ice at the time of Precambrian glaciations. 相似文献
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中国西部晚中新世以来气候演化初探──以甘肃临夏红色盆地中Cl-含量变化为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Cl-是封闭湖盆中反映气候变化的敏感指标。临夏盆地晚新生代地层Cl-含量变化表明,气候的长期演化呈现明显的阶段性与周期性,在约6.3Ma气候突然产生显著的由湿变干,并于5.3~4.5Ma达到极端干旱,其干旱程度是第四纪早期的33倍,低频上,气候呈现出约400万年的干湿波动,在晚中新世与早上新世,与同周期的全球热冷(凉)波动相对,而在第四纪早期,则与冷暖相对,可能反映亚洲季风系统于晚上新世才开始逐步形成,并于第四纪初建立,3.4Ma开始强烈隆升的青藏高原可能与此密切相关。 相似文献
18.
广东省雷州半岛新生代钻孔ZKA01揭露的地层序列自下向上为渐新统涠洲组、中新统下洋组、角尾组、灯楼角组、上新统望楼港组、下更新统湛江组和中更新统北海组,涠洲组—望楼港组为滨浅海沉积,湛江组和北海组为陆相河湖相沉积。本文在ZKA01钻孔地层中自下向上88个层位中获取的29311粒孢粉化石的81个属中,选取了常见的种子植物花粉种属42个,通过共存因子分析法,定量重建了研究区晚渐新世—早更新世的古气候参数,划分出晚渐新世—早中新世(25~17 Ma)、中中新世(17~13.5 Ma)、晚中新世—上新世初期(13.5~4 Ma)和上新世—早更新世(4~1.5 Ma)4个气候演化阶段。孢粉共存因子定量法重建的研究区晚渐新世—早更新世4个阶段的古气候变化过程能较好地与全球气候变化的趋势相匹配,晚渐新世—早中新世温度降低的时间拐点大致可与Mi1a气候变冷事件相吻合。中中新世可以与中中新世气候适宜期(MMCO)相对应,表现为炎热潮湿的气候特征。中中新世晚期的气温是下降的,在一定程度上响应了Mi3中中新世气候变冷事件。 相似文献
19.
宁南盆地咸化湖相清水营组沉积记录,是研究青藏高原东北缘地区晚古近纪气候变化及其驱动机制的绝佳选择。以宁南盆地古近系清水营组为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、样品采集、石膏主量元素和锶同位素的测试,分析沉积地层记录的化学风化和古气候的变化;并通过与全球气候变化和青藏高原隆升过程的对比分析,研究青藏高原东北缘宁南盆地气候变化的驱动机制。结果表明:宁南盆地清水营组石膏中Al2O3/SiO2、Al2O3/Ti2O、K2O/Na2O和87Sr/86Sr等指标可以很好地反映晚古近纪气候变化,在38~36 Ma、34.5~33 Ma、32~31 Ma、30~27 Ma、26~23 Ma这5个时期,化学风化减弱,气候干旱化;在36~34.5 Ma、33~32 Ma、31~30 Ma、27~26 Ma这4个时期,化学风化增强,气候湿润化。晚古近纪38~26 Ma,青藏高原东北缘宁南盆地古气候变化主要受到全球气候变化的驱动;但在26~23 Ma之间,宁南盆地古气候变化受到了青藏高原隆升的重要影响。 相似文献
20.
The pertochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions and the geochemical characteristics of REE,U,Th,etc..in the Late Proterozoix and Early Palaeozoic strata in northwestern Jiangxi and western Zhejiang provinces are described in this paper.It seems to be sure that the middle Proterozoic strata of southeastern China are low in the degree of matrration .The strata contain much mantle-derived material.At the end of Late Proterozoic there was an abrupt turn with respect to the crustal geochemical evolution of the eastern part of South China .Since then ,the geochemical environment has undergone a change from a simple reducing environment to a complex oxidizing-reducing environ-ment, which would be geochemically beneficial to the formation of Late Sinian to Early Cambrian U-bearing formations. 相似文献