试论复合类型金矿床的成矿地质特征(以望儿山、焦家金矿床为例)

以山东望儿山、焦家金矿床为例,阐述复合类型金矿床的成矿地质特征,主要是断裂构造控矿及控制蚀变,成矿的温压、成矿溶液的性质及成分均说明破碎蚀变岩型金矿和石英脉型金矿的成因是一致的。预测在望儿山金矿床的深部有望找到破碎蚀变岩型金矿。     

以细屑岩为容矿层金矿的成矿条件及矿床模式探讨

据贵州西南部册亨、望谟地区矿产调查成果,文章从区域金矿赋矿围岩、含矿部位、构造控矿特征、矿化围岩蚀变等方面,较全面地阐述了细屑岩中金矿的成矿条件,企图建立以细屑岩为容矿层金矿床的标准矿床模式,对进一步探索和研究该类型金矿的成因,成矿模式、找矿方向等或有所助益。     

江西修水西部金矿成矿地质特征及控矿因素分析

从区域成矿地质背景、矿床特征等方面介绍了修水西部金矿成矿地质特征,并对控矿因素进行分析,认为该矿床属构造蚀变岩型金矿和石英脉型金矿,矿石具有不同的矿化组合特征,应属同一成矿机制作用的产物。     

豫西金矿地质特征与构造控矿探讨

豫西地区是国家重点金多金属成矿区带,成矿地质条件优越,区内金及多金属矿类型多样。通过对研究区地质特征及成矿地质条件的分析,得出区内金及多金属矿矿床形成受多重因素控制,包括地层、构造以及岩浆岩因素,并且在这些因素中,构造控矿占主导。在此基础上,将研究区内金矿矿床类型分为构造蚀变岩型金矿床、构造破碎带型金矿床、斑岩型金矿床以及爆破角砾岩筒型金矿床4种类型,并对每一种类型选取1个典型的矿床进行具体讲述。依据对研究区成矿地质特征以及5种构造控矿类型的叙述,论述了拆离-变质核杂岩构造对金矿成矿的构造控矿作用和构造控矿规律,并根据该区金矿矿床成矿规律,提出选取找矿靶区的8项依据,最后优选出7处找矿有利靶区。     

安徽张八岭构造带小庙山金矿容矿裂构造地球化学研究

张八岭构造带金矿包括蚀变构造岩型和石英脉型两类，两种类型金矿均完全受断裂控制，张八岭构造带内小庙山金矿断裂构造地球化学研究作用，蚀变构造岩型金矿容矿断裂构造分带良好，成矿元素组合为Fe,Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,Ag,Mn,Th,V等，为带入组份，相斥组份有Na2O,CaO,SiO2,Ba和Sr，以及K，构造强度与SiO2,K2O,Na2O,CaO呈明显负相关，为蚀变反应的生成物组份，从构造带中迁出，其中K部分为斜长石蚀变矿物绢云母接纳，构造活动越强，成矿元素越富，相斥元素迁出量越多，反映了构造活动－蚀变作用－成矿作用三位一体的特征。石英脉型金矿容矿断裂缺乏构造分带，成矿元素组合为K，As,Rb,Au等，无明显组份带出，两种类型金矿断裂构造地球化学的差异是它们成矿机理不同的结果，蚀变构造岩型金矿成矿作用与蚀变反应有关。成矿流体化学环境的变化是导致Au的沉淀主要因素，石英脉型金矿Au的沉淀主要原因是成矿流体物理环境的显著改变。     

桂东南三板——石圭金矿成矿地质特征

论述金矿主要赋矿层位、控矿构造和成岩成矿岩浆活动,认为在该区寻找与燕山早期侏罗纪二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩有关的金矿床前景较好。     

八卦庙及外围金矿控矿因素与富集成矿规律研究

简述了凤太矿田中的典型构造蚀变岩型金矿床——八卦庙金矿的基本特征；初步分析了八卦庙金矿、丝毛岭金矿的地球化学特征，推测丝毛岭金矿点的成矿模式可能与八卦庙金矿床的成矿模式不同，或者是同一成矿系统中的不同成矿系列，而不同深度原生晕聚类分析谱系图显示，八卦庙金矿床随着深度的增加Au与亲岩浆（幔源岩浆）的元素相关性趋于密切，表明八卦庙金矿床的成矿有岩浆参与。重点研究了风太矿田中八卦庙及外围金矿的控矿因素——控矿构造特征、控矿地层及其岩性特征、矿化蚀变特征等，并以八卦庙金矿、柴蚂金矿为基础，总结归纳了八卦庙及外围金矿的富集成矿规律，进一步指明了八卦庙外围金矿的找矿方向及其找矿潜力。     

陕西岩金矿床控矿条件分析

区域地质、矿床（田）构造、地层岩性、岩浆岩和围岩蚀变等对金矿成矿均有不同程度的控制作用。陕西省岩金矿成矿物质主要来自地壳深部，构造是金矿成矿的主导控制因素。其它条件也能为金矿成矿提供部分物质、热源和水源以及影响金矿成矿的物理化学环境。同时，又通过自身的物理化学属性制约构造的发育和金矿成矿的方式、类型和矿化强度。     

汞矿带中金矿成矿条件及赋存规律

本文根据我国汞(锑)矿带中已发现的数十个金矿床(点)的勘查研发成果,从成矿系列、载金矿物、金的赋存状态、矿化围岩、成矿热液、成矿温度、控矿层位、控矿沉积相、控矿构造及成矿时代等十个方面,较全面地论述了汞(锑)矿带中金矿的成矿规律。其中,有些是其他类型金矿也具有的;而有些则是汞(锑)矿带中金矿所特有的。这些共有的和特有的成矿规律,对探索不同类型金矿的成因或成矿机制、成矿模式,或将有所助益。     

郝泉沟金矿控矿构造特征及成矿机制

郝泉沟金矿二云斜长花岗岩岩体内节理、断裂构造发育,划分为成矿前及成矿期构造。控矿构造主要是ＮＮＥ向断裂构造,具双重结构面特征,金矿体严格受其控制。它们是由花岗岩的原生破裂构造（成矿前构造）经多期次多阶段构造运动、热液运移演化而成。通过对成矿机制、蚀变岩体的成因及其与成矿的关系进行研究,提出探部探矿应以寻找破碎带蚀变岩型金矿体为主     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.