Effect of oxygen fugacity on sulfur isotope compositions and magnetite concentrations in the Kirkpatrick Basalt,Mount Falla,Queen Alexandra Range,Antarctica

The δ³⁴S-values of total sulfur in the Jurassic tholeiite flows on Mt. Falla in Antarctica range from ?1.45 to +11.73‰. The concentrations of sulfur range from 80 to 480 ppm, which is typical of subaerial lava flows that lose varying proportions of sulfur by out-gassing of SO₂. The concentrations of magnetite range from less than 1% to more than 4% and appear to correlate inversely with the total Fe content of the flows. However, the five flows which are anomalously enriched in ³⁴S also have elevated magnetite concentrations. We suggest that the elevated magnetite concentrations and the ³⁴S enrichment were both caused by high oxygen fugacities (f_O2) in the melt. The magnetite concentrations are affected by the fugacity of oxygen through equilibrium in the FMQ buffer whereas the enrichment of the flows in ³⁴S resulted from outgassing of SO₂ at f_O2 greater than ～ 10^?8 atm. The dependence of δ³⁴S and the magnetite concentrations of the flows on f_O2 is supported by the stratigraphic variation of these parameters and by their direct linear correlation.     

Chemical and isotopic variations in an iron-rich lava flow from the Kirkpatrick Basalt,north Victoria Land,Antarctica: implications for low-temperature alteration

Chemical and isotopic (Sr, O, H) variations have been examined in an iron-rich lava flow of the Kirkpatrick Basalt from the Mesa Range in north Victoria Land, Antarctica. The flow is homogeneous with respect to the less mobile elements, whereas variations observed in K, Na, Si, Fe, and Rb result largely from alteration of glassy matrix material. Whole-rock Rb–Sr isotope data fall along a poorly-defined 103 Ma array attributed to secondary mobilization of Rb during the mid-Cretaceous. Alteration at that time is suggested by paleomagnetic data and would also account for discordant K–Ar dates. Whole-rock ¹⁸O values vary from +5.8 to +8.2 and a plagioclase separate has a ¹⁸O value of +5.6, reflecting the original composition of the magma. The range of ¹⁸O values for the whole-rock samples results from low-temperature alteration occurring primarily in the Jurassic and/or mid-Cretaceous. Whole-rock D values (-201 to -243) are markedly depleted, approaching equilibrium with modern meteoric water. In light of these data, variable Sr and O isotopic ratios in the underlying sequence of flows, previously interpreted in terms of an assimilation-fractionation model, may largely reflect post-magmatic alteration.     

The sulfur and strontium isotopic compositions of Permian evaporites from the Zechstein basin, northern Germany

The sulfur isotopic composition of stratigraphically well constrained samples from five evaporitic cycles of the German Zechstein (upper Permian) displays no systematic lateral variation and no significant temporal trend. With an average δ³⁴S value close to 11‰, results confirm the previously determined sulfur isotope minimum for Phanerozoic seawater. Least radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for these sulfates define a clear temporal variation with a minimum value at 0.707008. A conclusive assessment of this temporal trend in comparison with other data sets for upper Permian seawater is not possible due to substantial differences in (bio)stratigraphic assignments.     

Geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes of amphibolite dykes of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Mafic dykes cutting the gneisses and migmatites in the Deep Freeze Range high-grade metamorphic complex of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, have undergone strong recrystallization and deformation during amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Metamorphic mobility mostly affected the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE). Rare Earth (RE) and the high field-strength elements (HFSE) were essentially immobile during metamorphism. Together with the major-element geochemistry, this suggests primary characteristics of evolved tholeiitic magmas and mafic cumulates. No precise ages of intrusion are available for the dykes, but geological evidence suggest emplacement during the time interval 800 to 900 Ma. The Rb-Sr isotopic system in some of the dykes were also variably affected by a later thermal event, probably coincident with the time of amphibolite metamorphism, ca. 500–550 Ma ago. This event can be correlated with the Ross Orogeny in the Transantarctic Mountains. Nd isotopes and trace element abundances indicate that the dykes were derived by different degrees of partial melting and fractionation of heterogeneous sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The Nd isotopic compositions range from depleted to enriched signatures (ε^Nd computed back to 850 Ma = +4.5 to −11.61), and are coupled to different trace element normalized patterns characterized by a slight positive Nb anomaly in the former case to a strong negative Mb anomaly for the latter samples. On isotopic and chemical ground the depleted signature of the mantle source resembles that reported for E-type MORB. The nature of the enriched components cannot be uniquely stated; nevertheless, on the basis of isotopic and geochemical data, it could be represented by sediments recycled into the sub-continental mantle or by crustal contamination during underplating of mafic magmas, or a combination of the two processes.     

Origin of epigenetic calcite in coal from Antarctica and Ohio based on isotope compositions of oxygen,carbon and strontium

Isotopic compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium of calcite cleats in coal seams of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and Tuscarawas County, Ohio, contain a record of the conditions a the time of their formation. The Antarctic calcites (δ ¹⁸O(SMOW) = +9.14 to +11.82%₀) were deposited from waters enriched in ¹⁶O whose isotopic composition was consistent with that of meteoric precipitation at low temperature and high latitude. The carbon of the calcite cleats (δ ¹³C(PDB) = ?15.6 to ?16.9%₀) was derived in part from the coal (δ ¹³C(PDB) = ?23.5 to ?26.7%₀) as carbon dioxide and by oxidation of methane or other hydrocarbon gases. The strontium (${}^{87}\text{Sr}{}^{86}\text{Sr}\text{= 0.71318–0.72392)}$ originated primarily from altered feldspar grains in the sandstones of the Beacon Supergroup.Calcite cleats in the Kittaning No. 6 coal seam of Ohio (δ ¹⁸O(SMOW) = +26.04 to +27.79%₀) were deposited from waters that had previously exchanged oxygen, possibly with marine carbonate at depth. The carbon (δ ¹³C(PDB) = 0.9 to +2.4%₀) is enriched in ¹³C even though that cleats were deposited in coal that is highly enriched in ¹²C and apparently originated from marine carbonates. Strontium in the cleats ($\text{Sr}\text{87}$ 0.71182–0.71260) is not of marine origin but contains varying amounts of radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr presumably derived from detrital Rb-bearing minerals in the adjacent sedimentary rocks. The results of this study suggest that calcite cleats in coal of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, were deposited after the start of glaciation in Cenozoic time and that those in Ohio precipitated from formation waters derived from the underlying marine carbonate rocks, probably in the recent geologic past.     

渔塘坝富硒硅质岩成因及沉积环境探讨：硅、氧、碳和硫同位素证据

鄂西渔塘坝含碳硅质岩段(P³₁m)为硒矿床的主要赋硒层位,其硅、氧同位素组成δ³⁰Si变化范围为0.5‰~1.8‰（平均1.25‰）;δ¹⁸O为22.7‰~27.1‰ （平均25.3‰）;硅质岩中黄铁矿 δ³⁴S的值变化范围为-27.7‰~-5.65‰,幅度大于20‰;硅质岩层位中方解石样品的δ¹³C值范围为4.19‰~0.52‰。综合研究表明,渔塘坝硅质岩在成因上主要表现为热水沉积特征,成岩温度为45℃,形成于半封闭的浅海至滨浅海（滞留的盆地）缺氧沉积环境。     

Topography,structural and exhumation history of the Admiralty Mountains region,northern Victoria Land,Antarctica

The Admiralty Mountains region forms the northern termination of the northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Few quantitative data are available to reconstruct the Cenozoic morpho-tectonic evolution of this sector of the Antarctic plate, where the Admiralty Mountains region forms the northern termination of the western shoulder of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic West Antarctica Rift System. In this study we combine new low-temperature thermochronological data (apatite fission-track and (U-Th-Sm)/He analyses) with structural and topography analysis. The regional pattern of the fission-track ages shows a general tendency to older ages (80–60 ​Ma) associated with shortened mean track-lengths in the interior, and younger fission-track ages clustering at 38–26 ​Ma with long mean track-lengths in the coastal region. Differently from other regions of Victoria Land, the younger ages are found as far as 50–70 ​km inland. Single grain apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He ages cluster at 50–30 ​Ma with younger ages in the coastal domain. Topography analysis reveals that the Admiralty Mountains has high local relief, with an area close to the coast, 180 ​km long and 70 ​km large, having the highest local relief of >2500 ​m. This coincides with the location of the youngest fission-track ages. The shape of the area with highest local relief matches the shape of a recently detected low velocity zone beneath the northern TAM, indicating that high topography of the Admiralty Mountains region is likely sustained by a mantle thermal anomaly. We used the obtained constraints on the amount of removed crustal section to reconstruct back-eroded profiles and calculate the erosional load in order to test flexural uplift models. We found that our back-eroded profiles are better reproduced by a constant elastic thickness of intermediate values (Te ​= ​20–30 ​km). This suggests that, beneath the Admiralty Mountains, the elastic properties of the lithosphere are different with respect to other TAM sectors, likely due to a stationary Cenozoic upper mantle thermal anomaly in the region.     

Preservation of oxygen isotope compositions in granulites from Northwestern Canada and Enderby Land,Antarctica: implications for high-temperature isotopic thermometry

 Preservation of high-temperature mineral isotopic compositions is necessary for successful high-temperature isotopic thermometry. Other requirements include large fractionations between constituent minerals, well-calibrated equilibria, carefully designed sampling strategies and data handling techniques that quantitatively account for retrograde exchange. Here, we apply isotopic thermometry and data handling techniques to calculate and contrast mineral-pair apparent temperature data and observed closure temperature data (T _c-observed) (cf. Farquhar et al. 1993) for the very high temperature (>900°C), dry granulites of the Taltson Magmatic Zone of Northwestern Canada and the Napier Complex of Enderby Land, Antarctica. The isotopic compositions of garnet grains from both terrains reflect high temperature conditions (>950°C) and point to this mineral as an excellent candidate for isotopic thermometry. The isotopic compositions of quartz, pyroxene, ilmenite and magnetite indicate that they equilibrated to lower temperature conditions (<900°C) due to faster rates of oxygen diffusion in these minerals, possibly enhanced by exsolution and ductile deformation, compared with garnet. Our temperature data for garnet and pyroxene are ≈200°C higher than is possible to explain by existing “wet” diffusion data, but is consistent with “dry” diffusion data, suggesting that the extremely dry nature of these rocks may have played a significant role in the preservation of high-temperature isotopic compositions. Both quartz and magnetite exhibit subgrain features, indicative of ductile deformation. Quartz-magnetite temperatures from the Napier complex are similar to those inferred for a late (D3) deformation and are lower than those predicted by “dry” diffusion data. We infer that the quartz-magnetite isotopic fractionations reflect deformation-enhanced exchange that accompanied D3. Garnet in these same samples did not undergo ductile deformation and did not exchange oxygen with coexisiting phases during cooling. This may reflect strain partitioning between less easily deformed, low abundance garnet and more easily deformed matrix quartz and magnetite. The resistance of garnet to ductile deformation in these rocks is a second reason why garnet is suitable for isotopic thermometry. Received: 6 February 1996 / Accepted: 25 April 1996     

A staurolite-talc assemblage in tourmaline-phlogopite-chlorite schist from northern Victoria Land,Antarctica, and its petrogenetic significance

Staurolite and corundum are found as inclusions in tourmaline in a talc-phlogopite-chlorite-albite chist near Mount Bernstein (71°37S, 163°07E), northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. These inclusions are interpreted as relics of a staurolite-talc-corundum-chlorite assemblage that was stable during an early stage in the metamorphic cycle and subsequently armored by tourmaline, probably during the middle stage. Pressures and temperatures during the middle stage are estimated to be 650–700°C and 5.5–6.4 kbar. The transition from the early to the middle stage represents a roughly isothermal decrease in pressure of 2–3 kbar. During a late retrograde stage (T=300–370°C, P=3–5 kbar), staurolite was partly replaced by a muscovitic aggregate containing clinozoisite, pumpellyite, and margarite.The staurolite is unusually Si-poor (26.77, 25.85 weight % SiO₂ or 7.275, 7.091 Si per formula unit for 46 oxygens anhydrous), Al-rich (58.00, 57.85% Al₂O₃, 18.579, 18.702 Al), low in divalent cations (Fe+Mg+Mn+Zn=3.301, 3.560) and magnesian (atomic Mg/(Mg+Fe)=0.42, 0.40). Ion microprobe analysis of the first grain indicates about 0.2% Li₂O (0.219 Li) is present. The following substitutions are proposed to explain the unusual chemistry of this staurolite (crystallographic site notation of Smith 1968, in bold letters): Al(Si)+Al(Al(3A,B))Si(Si)+Fe(Fe), Li(Fe)+Al(Al(3A,B))2 Fe(Fe), and 2 Al(Al(3A,B)) 3 Fe(Fe).According to a pressure-temperature diagram constructed by the method of Schreinemakers for the model system FeO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (H₂O in excess), the talc-staurolite assemblage should be stable only in quartz-free rocks at temperatures near 700° C and pressures of 8 kbar or more. The rarity of the staurolite-talc assemblage even in Mg-Al-rich rocks metamorphosed at the appropriate pressure-temperature conditions is attributed to the appearance of anthophyllite or, in Na₂O-bearing rocks, gedrite. Orthoamphibole-cordierite and orthoamphibolekyanite assemblages with chlorite or corundum are incompatible with staurolite-talc±albite. In rocks lacking corundum and formed at pressures above the stability limit of cordierite, staurolite-talc may be metastable relative to orthoamphibole-kyanite, while in corundum-bearing rocks, staurolite-talc may appear under certain conditions, possibly at higher water activities than the orthoamphibole-kyanite assemblage.     

新疆罗布泊盐湖氢氧锶硫同位素地球化学及钾矿成矿物质来源

罗布泊罗北凹地第四系上部盐层中蕴藏丰富的卤水,卤水中则富含钾（ＫＣｌ平均品位为１．４０％）。文章通过对罗布泊卤水氢、氧、锶及硫同位素等分析及与塔里木盆地（河流）、柴达木盆地等地区对比研究,确定了罗布泊富钾卤水源于地表水,可能主要是塔里木盆地南北缘河流水;卤水中的硫钾等物质组分主要来源于南天山、塔里木盆地西北、西南部中新生代石膏钙芒硝石盐矿床或地层及其古代地层卤水。由于第四纪期间塔里木盆地西部抬升。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵富硼岩系中硅硼镁铝矿-柱晶石-电气石矿物的硼同位素组成及其意义

东南极拉斯曼丘陵地区麻粒岩相岩石中出露一套罕见的含硅硼镁铝矿-柱晶石-电气石矿物组合的富硼岩系.由于高级变质作用已使原岩的性质难以确定,变质原岩及其形成环境的恢复变得十分困难,而硼同位素组成则可以作为判定硼来源的有效示踪剂和指相标志.报道了东南极拉斯曼丘陵硅硼镁铝矿-柱晶石-电气石富硼岩系的硼同位素组成资料,其δ11B值变化范围为-12.0‰～-34.6‰,硼同位素的低比值和其他地质证据表明,其原岩为非海相蒸发硼酸盐岩.     

Sulfate sources constrained by sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions in the upper reaches of the Xijiang River,China

While it is critical to accurately understand the sources and transformation of sulfate based on time-series analysis, there are limited studies on temporal variation of sulfate in rivers and on rock weathering by sulfuric acids. We conducted a monthly sampling campaign in the Beipan, Nanpan, and Hongshui Rivers over the course of one hydrological year. This study examined seasonal variations in riverine sulfate impacted by the monsoon climate in the upper reaches of the Xijiang River basin. In general, the SO₄ ^2? contents in these rivers dropped from relatively high levels to low values during the high-flow season, in response to increasing discharge. The sulfate was generally enriched in heavy isotopes during the low-flow season compared to the high-flow season. The calculated results indicate that the riverine sulfate was mainly derived from sulfide oxidation, but that evaporite dissolution could be an important source during the low-flow season, based on isotopic evidence. Mine drainage is likely an important source of sulfate to these rivers during the high-flow season due to contributions from fast surface flow, which responds to frequent heavy rain in monsoonal climate regions. A relatively high proportion of HCO₃ ^? was found to be derived from rock weathering by sulfuric acid during the high-flow season when compared to that observed during the low-flow season. The results suggest that approximately one quarter of the HCO₃ ^? in the Hongshui River originated from carbonate weathering by sulfuric acid derived from the oxidation of sulfide. Such information on the specific dual isotopic characteristics of riverine sulfate throughout a hydrological year can provide unique evidence for understanding the temporal variability of sulfate concentrations and weathering processes in rivers.     

Correlation between strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions of rocks from the Adamello massif (Northern Italy)

Rock samples from the lithologic units forming the Adamello massif were analyzed for Rb and Sr concentrations and for⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios. The most important features are as follows:

1. the strontium and oxygen isotopes show a systematic variation from south to northwest across the massif, the older units in the south being lower both in⁸⁷Sr and¹⁸O;
2. a good positive correlation was found between strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions.

Two genetic models are advanced for explaining the results: (1) the mixing of two magmas with different¹⁸O and⁸⁷Sr contents; (2) magma formation at different depths in a crust layered with respect to both oxygen and strontium isotope composition.     

Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and exhumation of garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)

Northern Victoria Land is a key area for the Ross Orogen – a Palaeozoic foldbelt formed at the palaeo‐Pacific margin of Gondwana. A narrow and discontinuous high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) belt, consisting of mafic and ultramafic rocks (including garnet‐bearing types) within a metasedimentary sequence of gneisses and quartzites, is exposed at the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land). Garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks evolved through at least six metamorphic stages. Stage 1 is defined by medium‐grained garnet + olivine + low‐Al orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene, whereas finer‐grained garnet + olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + amphibole constitutes the stage 2 assemblage. Stage 3 is defined by kelyphites of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + spinel ± amphibole around garnet. Porphyroblasts of amphibole replacing garnet and clinopyroxene characterize stage 4. Retrograde stages 5 and 6 consist of tremolite + Mg‐chlorite ± serpentine ± talc. A high‐temperature (～950 °C), spinel‐bearing protolith (stage 0), is identified on the basis of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + olivine + spinel + amphibole inclusions within stage 1 garnet. The P–T estimates for stage 1 are indicative of UHP conditions (3.2–3.3 GPa and 764–820 °C), whereas stage 2 is constrained between 726–788 °C and 2.6–2.9 GPa. Stage 3 records a decompression up to 1.1–1.3 GPa at 705–776 °C. Stages 4, 5 and 6 reflect uplift and cooling, the final estimates yielding values below 0.5 GPa at 300–400 °C. The retrograde P–T path is nearly isothermal from UHP conditions up to deep crustal levels, and becomes a cooling–unloading path from intermediate to shallow levels. The garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks originated in the mantle wedge and were probably incorporated into the subduction zone with felsic and mafic rocks with which they shared the subsequent metamorphic and geodynamic evolution. The density and rheology of the subducted rocks are compatible with detachment of slices along the subduction channel and gravity‐driven exhumation.     

Carbon, oxygen, strontium, and sulfur isotopic compositions in late Precambrian rocks of the Patom Complex, central Siberia: Communication 1. results, isotope stratigraphy, and dating problems

Results of the study of isotopic compositions of C, O, S, and Sr in late Precambrian sections of the Patom Complex and its analogues are presented. Total scatter in δ¹³C values is more than 21‰ (from ?13.5 to 8.1‰). The sections strongly differ in thickness, but they have similar carbon isotope curves with two dramatic drops in δ¹³C from extremely high (>4‰) to extremely low (13C values (from 7 to 8‰) are typical of the glacial horizon underlying the Mariinsk Formation, as well as the Barakun and Valyukhta formations and their analogues, which separate negative excursions. The minimum ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in limestones of the Kumukulakh (0.70725), Barakun (0.70727), Valyukhta (0.70769), Nikol’skoe (0.707904), Chencha (0.70786) and Torgo (0.70799) formations suggest the accumulation of sediments 660–580 Ma ago. Correspondingly, glacial diamictites of the Nichatka and Dzhemkukan (Bol’shoi Patom) formations can be correlated with the early stage of the Marinoan glaciation (635–665 Ma); the Zhuya Formation, with transgression that terminates the late stage of the same glaciation or the Gaskiers glaciation (580 Ma). Problems related to the genesis of carbonate rocks with extremely high and low δ¹³C values will be considered in the second communication.     

The Petrogenesis of the Kirwan Basalts of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

The 420 m thick sequence of Kirwan basalt crops out along thesouthernmost 50 km of the Kirwanveggen Escarpment (74?S, 6?W).There is little variation in major element chemistry of thesebasalts (SiO₂ 49?3–51?6 wt.%; MgO 5?1–6?6 wt.%),but the concentrations of certain incompatible elements (e.g.,Zr) vary by factors of approximately two or more. Most interelementplots show rather poor correlation (r<0?78), but rocks fromopposite ends of the data array can be related by 30% fractionationof plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and magnetite in theproportions 51:35:11:3. Plagioclase is much more abundant inphenocryst assemblages (85%) and it appears that selective transportof plagioclase to the surface occurred. The range in incompatible element concentrations cannot be explainedby crystal fractionation and is most probably a result of theparent liquids of these basalts being derived by slightly differentdegrees of partial melting of a common source, or alternativelyof open-system (RTF) magma processes. The strontium isotopedata for the freshest rocks (R₀=0?7049–0?7065) may beexplained by 7% contamination by crustal material with an R₀of 0?709 and bulk Sr of800 ppm, but there is little supportingevidence from other trace element variations for this hypothesis.Oxygen isotope determinations on whole-rock-plagioclase pairsshow that alteration has resulted in a 0?5%o shift in (¹⁸O.Alteration also appears to have resulted in a greater spreadof data, particularly for the LIL elements and Sr isotopes.The Sr and Nd isotopic composition of the suite is close tobulk Earth at 172 Ma and this, together with REE and other traceelement data, shows these basalts to be similar in compositionto the more primitive basalts among the Karoo basalt lavas.It is suggested that the Kirwan basalts were derived from asource which was similar to that of the southern Lebombo variantof the Sabie River Basalt Formation of the Karoo Volcanic Province.This part of the Karoo was closest to the Kirwanveggen beforethe break-up of Gondwanaland.     

Petrogenesis of carbonate-bearing nepheline syenites and carbonatites from Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: origin of carbon and the effects of calcite-graphite equilibrium

Chemically-evolved carbonate-bearing nepheline syenites are intruded into basement metasediments of the Koettlitz Group on Dismal and Radian Ridges in the Pipecleaner Glacier region of Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Whole rock XRF data from the Dismal Nepheline Syenite defines a broad trend which is consistent with the removal of a cumulate fraction of approximate composition 70% hedenbergite, 15% nepheline, 10% titanite and 5% apatite. Stable isotope, major and trace element and mineralogical characteristics of the syenites are very similar to those of cross-cutting calcite-rich dykes indicating derivation from closely-related source magmas. The general association of carbonatites and nepheline syenites with extensional environments, suggests that the Dismal and Radian Ridge nepheline syenites and carbonatite dykes indicate a period of early Paleozoic (531 Ma) rifting or intrusion into localised tensional structures in an overall compressional regime. Assimilation of marble by the syenite magmas is evidenced by abundant rafts and xenoliths within the Dismal Nepheline Syenite, however, carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios from syenite and carbonatite calcites are distinctly lighter than values from the marble country rock indicating a magmatic source. Graphite and calcite commonly occur as aggregates in the Dismal Nepheline Syenite suggesting equilibrium between these two carbon-bearing phases. Isotopic fractionation between calcite and graphite, via the equilibrium: C + O₂ = CO₂ has resulted in enrichment of the ¹³C isotope in calcites from the Dismal Nepheline Syenite.     

P–T evolution and episodic zircon growth in barroisite eclogites of the Lanterman Range,northern Victoria Land,Antarctica

Prograde P–T–t paths of eclogites are often ambiguous owing to high variance of mineral assemblages, large uncertainty in isotopic age determinations and/or variable degree of retrograde equilibration. We investigated these issues using the barroisite eclogites from the Lanterman Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, which are relatively uncommon but free of retrogression. These eclogites revealed three stages of prograde metamorphism, defining two distinctive P–T trajectories, M_1–2 and M₃. Inclusion minerals in garnet porphyroblasts suggest that initial prograde assemblages (M₁) consist of garnet+omphacite+barroisite/Mg‐pargasite+epidote+phengite+paragonite+rutile/titanite+quartz, and subsequent M₂ assemblages of garnet+omphacite+barroisite+phengite+rutile±quartz. The inclusion‐rich inner part of garnet porphyroblasts preserves a bell‐shaped Mn profile of the M₁, whereas the inclusion‐poor outer part (M₂) is typified by the outward decrease in Ca/Mg and X_Fe (=Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg)) values. A pseudosection modelling employing fractionated bulk‐rock composition suggests that the eclogites have initially evolved from ~15 to 20 kbar and 520–570°C (M₁) to ~22–25 kbar and 630–650°C (M₂). The latter is in accordance with P–T conditions estimated from two independent geothermobarometers: the garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite (~25 ± 3 kbar and 660 ± 100°C) and Zr‐in‐rutile (~650–700°C at 22–27 kbar). The second segment (M_3A–B) of prograde P–T path is recorded in the grossular‐rich overgrowth rim of garnet. Apart from disequilibrium growth of the M_3A garnet, ubiquitous overgrowth of the M_3B garnet permits us to estimate the P–T conditions at ~26 ± 3 kbar and 720 ± 80°C. The cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of zircon grains separated from a barroisite eclogite revealed three distinct zones with bright rim, dark mantle and moderately dark core. Eclogitic phases such as garnet, omphacite, epidote and rutile are present as fine‐grained inclusions in the mantle and rim of zircon, in contrast to their absence in the core. The sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb dating on metamorphic mantle domains and neoblasts yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 515 ± 4 Ma (tσ), representing the time of the M₂ stage. On the other hand, overgrowth rims as well as bright‐CL neoblasts of zircon were dated at 498 ± 11 Ma (tσ), corresponding to the M₃. Average burial rates estimated from the M₂ and M₃ ages are too low (<2 mm/year) for cold subduction regime (~5–10°C/km), suggesting that an exhumation stage intervened between two prograde segments of P–T path. Thus, the P–T–t evolution of barroisite eclogites is typified by two discrete episodes with an c. 15 Ma gap during the middle Cambrian subduction of the Antarctic Ross Orogeny.     

稳定Sr-Nd同位素体系及其对传统放射成因锶钕同位素组成的影响

稳定Sr、Nd同位素是全新的体系,其重点关注自然过程中稳定Sr和Nd同位素分馏特征与控制机制。这方面的知识可以修正传统Rb Sr和Sm-Nd同位素体系中恒定的稳定Sr、Nd同位素组成的前提假设所带来的认知偏差,补充和完善其知识体系。介绍了稳定Sr、Nd同位素体系的基本概念,综述并点评了最新的分析技术进展,并对稳定Sr、Nd同位素分馏对传统的放射成因Sr、Nd同位素组成的影响进行评估,同时对这两个新的稳定同位素体系的潜在研究应用进行展望。     

The Dorn gold deposit in northern Victoria Land,Antarctica: Structure,hydrothermal alteration,and implications for the Gondwana Pacific margin

The Dorn gold deposit in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica is a fault related gold-only deposit and it represents the first described occurrence of gold mineralization in Paleozoic terranes of the Antarctic continent. The deposit is hosted in lower greenschist facies Middle Cambrian metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Bowers terrane. Gold-bearing veins are located in a brittle–ductile reverse high-strain zone, which was produced by transpressional deformation that overprints the structures of the Cambrian–Ordovician Ross Orogeny. The vein system is surrounded by a hydrothermal alteration zone that is as much as 300-m-wide, where the host rocks are partially to completely transformed into Fe–Mg carbonate-rich rocks with different degrees of replacement of the original mineralogy and texture.The type of host rock, the temperature estimates for mineralization from 290–320 °C, the quartz dominant vein system with sulfides and Fe-rich carbonates, and the controlling structures linked to a convergent margin tectonic setting together suggest that this mineralized vein system can be classified as an orogenic gold deposit. Close analogies are found with deposits of the Stawell zone in western Victoria, which is consistent with the correlation between units and hydrothermal events in northern Victoria Land and southeastern Australia.