由结构面和岩桥组成的剪切面强度特性研究

通过直剪模型试验和非线性有限元分析,研究了由结构面和岩桥组成的剪切面在不同法向应力、不同岩桥面积及不同岩桥分布型式等条件下的综合抗剪强度,较客观地评价了岩桥对剪切面抗剪强度指标的影响,初步探讨了岩桥的破坏机理。     

A Bonded Particle Model Simulation of Shear Strength and Asperity Degradation for Rough Rock Fractures

Different failure modes during fracture shearing have been introduced including normal dilation or sliding, asperity cut-off and degradation. Attempts have been made to study these mechanisms using analytical, experimental and numerical methods. However, the majority of the existing models simplify the problem, which leads to unrealistic results. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is to simulate the mechanical behaviour of synthetic and rock fracture profiles during direct shear tests by using the two-dimensional particle flow computer code PFC2D. Correlations between the simulated peak shear strength and the fracture roughness parameter D _R1 recently proposed by Rasouli and Harrison (2010) are developed. Shear test simulations are carried out with PFC2D and the effects of the geometrical features as well as the model micro-properties on the fracture shear behaviour are studied. The shear strength and asperity degradation processes of synthetic profiles including triangular, sinusoidal and randomly generated profiles are analysed. Different failure modes including asperity sliding, cut-off, and asperity degradation are explicitly observed and compared with the available models. The D _R1 parameter is applied to the analysis of synthetic and rock fracture profiles. Accordingly, correlations are developed between D _R1 and the peak shear strength obtained from simulations and by using analytical solutions. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the basic understanding of rock fracture shear behaviour and asperity contact degradation.     

岩石抗剪强度参数的稳健估计

提出了Ｍ－稳健估计计算岩体抗剪强度参数Ｃ,ｆ值的计算模型和方法。通过对白云鄂博主矿原位试验数据的稳健估计计算结果与最小二乘法的计算结果的对比分析表明：采用稳健估计的方法所估计出的参数更可靠。     

岩石直接剪切试验残余强度浅析

对岩石剪切残余强度进行了浅析,主要以唐山马城铁矿的岩石试验为依据,探讨了岩石剪切峰值强度和残余强度的关系,分析了岩石剪切残余强度的影响因素,为大家了解、利用岩石的剪切残余强度提供了参考意义。     

A Laboratory Shear Cell Used for Simulation of Shear Strength and Asperity Degradation of Rough Rock Fractures

Different failure modes during fracture shearing have been introduced including dilation, sliding, asperity cut-off and degradation. Several laboratory studies have reported the complexity of these failure modes during shear tests performed under either constant normal load (CNL) or constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. This paper is concerned with the mechanical behaviour of synthetic fractures during direct shear tests using a modified shear cell and related numerical simulation studies. The modifications made to an existing true triaxial stress cell (TTSC) in order to use it for performing shear tests under CNL conditions are presented. The large loading capacity and the use of accurate hydraulic pumps capable of applying a constant shear velocity are the main elements of this cell. Synthetic mortar specimens with different fracture surface geometries are tested to study the failure modes, including fracture sliding, asperity degradation, and to understand failure during shearing. A bonded particle model of the direct shear test with the PFC2D particle flow code is used to mimic the tests performed. The results of a number of tests are presented and compared with PFC2D simulations. The satisfactory results obtained both qualitatively and quantitatively are discussed.     

岩石/结构面劣化导致巴东组软硬互层岩体强度劣化的作用机制

岩石/结构面劣化导致巴东组软硬互层岩体强度劣化的作用机制是揭示三峡库区库岸消落带巴东组软硬互层岩体强度渐进劣化机理和评价库岸边坡稳定性的关键问题.以三峡库区典型"易滑岩组"巴东组第二段红色系列的砂岩与粉砂质泥岩互层岩组为研究对象,考虑干湿循环条件下岩石/结构面参数劣化,开展了软硬互层岩体单轴压缩数值试验,分析了软岩/硬岩/层面劣化对巴东组软硬互层岩体单轴压缩强度劣化的贡献度及其与岩层倾角的关系.研究结果表明,不同岩层倾角条件下,软岩/硬岩/层面劣化对巴东组软硬互层岩体单轴压缩强度劣化的影响有明显区别,以软岩/硬岩/层面劣化对巴东组软硬互层岩体单轴压缩强度劣化的贡献度为依据,将岩层倾角全范围划分为软岩控制区、软岩-硬岩-层面共同控制区、沿层面滑移失稳破坏区和硬岩控制区,揭示了岩石/结构面劣化导致巴东组软硬互层岩体强度劣化的作用机制及其受岩层倾角的影响,为进一步研究库岸消落带巴东组软硬互层岩体强度渐进劣化机理奠定了基础.      

孔隙水压作用下岩石抗剪强度参数计算

为了研究孔隙水压作用下岩石抗剪强度参数,进行了不同岩性岩石、不同孔隙水压条件下的三轴压缩试验,研究了抗剪强度参数计算方法.通过最小二乘法计算了采动岩体不同孔隙水压条件下黏聚力和内摩擦参数.研究表明:随着孔隙水压的增大,岩石黏聚力降低,当孔隙水压增至9MPa时,破坏岩体黏聚力降低至0MPa;细砂岩和粗砂岩黏聚力水压效应符合指数关系,随着水压的增高,黏聚力水压效应强度降低;除灰岩外,岩石内摩擦角随着静水压力的增高而降低.研究成果能够为分析孔隙水压下采矿围岩破坏规律提供依据.     

Study on Shear Strength of Cement Face Between Rock and Concrete

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The samples of slightly weathered granite drilled before the construction of Runyang suspended bridge's north anchorage are used as the research object...     

A Discrete Element Model for Predicting Shear Strength and Degradation of Rock Joint by Using Compressive and Tensile Test Data

A discrete element model is proposed to examine rock strength and failure. The model is implemented by UDEC, which is developed for this purpose. The material is represented as a collection of irregular-sized deformable particles interacting at their cohesive boundaries. The interface between two adjacent particles is viewed as a flexible contact whose constitutive law controls the material fracture and fragmentation properties. To reproduce rock anisotropy, an orthotropic cohesive law is developed for the contacts, which allows their shear and tensile behaviors to be different from each other. Using a combination of original closed-form expressions and statistical calibrations, a unique set of the contact microparameters are found based on the uniaxial/triaxial compression and Brazilian tension test data of a plaster. Applying the obtained microparameters, joint specimens, made of the same plaster, are simulated, where the comparison of the obtained results to laboratory data shows a reasonable agreement.     

Comparison between Empirical Estimation by JRC-JCS Model and Direct Shear Test for Joint Shear Strength

In order to study the reliability of the empirical estimation of joint shear strength by the JRC(joint roughness coefficient)-JCS(joint compressive strength) model,natural rock joints of dif-ferent lithologic characteristics and different sizes were selected as samples,and their shear strengths under dry and saturated conditions were measured by direct shear test and compared to those esti-mated by the JRC-JCS model.Comparison results show that for natural rock joints with joint surfaces closely matched,the...     

New Peak Shear Strength Criterion of Rock Joints Based on Quantified Surface Description

The prime objective of this work is to improve our understanding of the shear behavior of rock joints. Attempts are made to relate the peak shear strength of rock joints with its three-dimensional surface morphology parameters. Three groups of tensile joint replicas with different surface morphology are tested with direct shear tests under constant normal load (CNL) conditions. Firstly, the three-dimensional surface characterization of these joints is evaluated by an improved roughness parameter before being tested. Then, a new empirical criterion is proposed for these joints expressed by three-dimensional quantified surface roughness parameters without any averaging variables in such a way that a rational dilatancy angle function is used instead of ${\text{JRC}} \cdot \log_{10} \left( {{{\text{JCS}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{JCS}} {\sigma_{\text{n}} }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\sigma_{\text{n}} }}} \right)$ by satisfying the new peak dilatancy angle boundary conditions under zero and critical-state normal stress (not physical infinite normal stress). The proposed criterion has the capability of estimating the peak shear strength at the laboratory scale and the required roughness parameters can be easily measured. Finally, a comparison among the proposed criterion, Grasselli’s criterion, and Barton’s criterion are made from the perspective of both the rationality of the formula and the prediction accuracy for the three groups of joints. The limitations of Grasselli’s criterion are analyzed in detail. Another 37 experimental data points of fresh rock joints by Grasselli are used to further verify the proposed criterion. Although both the proposed criterion and Grasselli’s criterion have almost equal accuracy of predicting the peak shear strength of rock joints, the proposed criterion is easier and more intuitive from an engineering point of view because of its Mohr–Coulomb type of formulation.     

A Shear Model Accounting Scale Effect in Rock Joints Behavior

Understanding the scale effect on the mechanical behavior of a single rock joint is still very important in rock engineering. Rock joints can be classified into three different categories depending on their scale: the “micro scale” which is the scale of the asperities; the “meso scale” is the scale of the specimens tested in laboratory; and the “macro scale” which is the scale of the rock mass. The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective way to model rock joints at both the meso and macro scale. An original constitutive mechanical model, in which parameters are deduced from experimental results, has been developed. This model is then extended to simulate the discontinuities occurring at a larger size. At the macro scale, the constitutive modeling was carried out for both small and large relative displacements. Large displacements lead to substantial changes in dilation. For both cases, the peak shear stress vanishes for joints longer than 2 m.