Recognition and Significance of Volcanic Rocks of the Anda Depression of the Songliao Basin in Jurassic-Cretaceous

In the northern Songliao Basin, volcanics are fre-quently found and related closely to tectonic activi-ties during Early Cretaceous. The lava is mainly erupted along deep faults and distributed along the margine of the faulted depression. In deep part of Xujiaweizi area, natural gas exploration has been very successful, such as in the well Wang 9-12, well Shengshen 101 and well Fangshen 9 which are all highly-yield gas wells. Anda fault depression is lo-cated in the north of Xujia…     

Reservoir Volcanic Rocks: Geology and Geochemistry, the Mesozoic Non-marine Songliao Basin, NE China

1IntroductionIt has recently been recognized that most of the Ceno-Mesozoic sedimentary basins in eastern China contain volcanogenic and volcaniclastic successions developed especially in the early stages of the basin formation (Wang etal.,1997;Cheng etal.,1997;Chen etal., 1999). These volcanic rocks can con-tribute to the oil/gas reservoirs under favorable con-dition (Wang etal.,1997;Hu etal.,1999). The characteristics of volcanism in the basins of eastern China can be compared to those …     

Reservoir Volcanic Rocks: Geology and Geochemistry, the Mesozoic Non-Marine Songliao Basin, NE China

The reservoir volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin include the Lower Cretaceous (Klyc Form., 114～135 Ma,acidic rocks) and the Upper Jurassic (J3hs Form., 145～158 Ma, intermediate rocks). Vesicles coupled with faults make the volcanic reservoir spaces which do not as badly getting worse with buried depth as those of sediments generally doing. The flood rhyolites of the Lower Cretaceous cover ca. 100 000 km2 with relict thickness from 100 m to more than 1000 m. They are high-silica, rich in aluminum and potassium, high REE contents with large negative Eu anomalies,thus believed also be formed by the large-scale sialic crust partial-melting. The andesitic rocks of the Upper Jurassic are rich in Al and K, but with lower REE contents and minor negative Eu anomalies, as well as dispersal patterns of HREE.They are believed to be produced by progressively shallower partial-melting where the fractionation of garnet and/or zircon may be involved. The most probable heat sources provided for the long-lasting volcanisms in the Songliao Basin is the subduction of the Okhotsk plate.     

Volcanic edifices of Yingcheng Formation in Changling fault depression of Songliao Basin and their seismic identification

Volcanic edifices play an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of volcanic reservoirs . Taking the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation as an example , the types of volcanic formations , seismic attributes and reservoir characteristics are studied in detail using drill cores and logging and seismic data .A volcanic edifice model is established .On the basis of lithology and internal flow unit , the volcanic edifices can be divided into 4 types , including acidic lava volcanic edifices ( single flow units and composite flow units ) , rhyolitic lava debris volcanic edifices , and basaltic lava volcanic edifices .Among these types , the acidic lava volcanic edifices ( single flow unit ) consist of a single lava flow unit , and the seismic profile is characterized by a hill-like blank reflection .Additionally, this type of edifice shows a contiguous petal-like pattern in the wave-form classification chart .The acidic lava volcanic edifices ( composite unit ) consist of several acidic lava domes and plate-like lava flows , and the seismic section is a combination of parallel and hill-like reflections .This type shows noise and short-line clutter in the waveform classification diagram .The rhyolitic lava debris volcanic edi-fices have multiple layers of stacked volcanic debris .The seismic section features a draping continuous parallel reflection over a large area , and this type of edifice is characterized by a ripple pattern in the waveform classifi-cation diagram .The basaltic lava volcanic structural seismic section shows a large area of parallel reflectors . The waveform classification phase diagram shows a single and continuous distribution .The volcanic edifices with better physical properties have the following characteristics : the primary porosity belt is well developed , the units in the volcanic edifices are superimposed , and the volcanic structure is not integrated .Acidic compos-ite flow unit volcanic reservoirs have the best physical properties , and the acidic single flow unit volcanic reser-voirs are the worst .This study provided some reference for volcanic exploration and reservoir study in areas with few or no wells .     

胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩及火山活动特征

通过对胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩系的构造位置、产出状态、岩石特征、地球化学特征、相序列组合及同位素年龄等资料的综合分析,结合区域构造特征,认为其属中国东部中生代火山岩带之桃村—莱阳火山 沉积盆地构造组成部分;岩石类型为玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及流纹岩等,属钙碱性系列,按相序列可划分为安山质岩系、英安质岩系及凝灰质粘土岩三个相组;构成两个火山旋回。     

长垣断陷的地壳浅部结构和构造——地震反射剖面结果

为研究长垣断陷的地壳浅部结构和断裂浅部构造特征,跨长垣断陷完成了一条长度49 km的中深层地震反射剖面和一条长度7 km的浅层地震反射剖面。根据获得的地震反射剖面,结合区域地质资料,分析研究区的地壳浅部结构和断裂活动特征。结果表明,长垣断陷是一个东深、西浅的箕状断陷;黄河断裂为西倾的铲形正断层,其浅部错断了埋深约190 m的第四纪地层,其下部错断了多组反射地层和盆地基底,属第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂;长垣断裂浅部错断了新近纪地层的底界,向下延伸至基底之下,属前第四纪断裂。本文研究成果为新乡市及其邻区的活动构造研究和地震危险性评价提供了地震学证据。     

Calculated Porosity of Volcanic Reservoir in Wangjiatun of the Northern Songliao Basin, NE China

1IntroductionVolcanic reservoirs are widespread in basins from China to the world,such as Songliao Basin,Subei Basin,Bohaiwan Basin, etc in China(Chen,1988;Chen and Li,1996;Dai and Jiang,1997;Dong,1988). As deeper study of volcanic reser-voirs,its calculated porosity is a difficult point for the appraisal of volcanic reservoirs (Dong,1991;Fujita-Yoshihiko,1985;Guo and Liu,1997;He,1999;Li,1999;Liu,1998;Luo and Shi,1996;Tang,1988;Uchida,1992;Wang,1997;Wang,1991;Yan and Yu,1996). Its …     

Calculated Porosity of Volcanic Reservoir in Wangjiatun of the Northern Songliao Basin, NE China

In Wangjiatun area of the Northern Songliao Basin, reservoir space can be divided into three types: primary pore, secondary pore and fissure according to their origins,which can be subdivided into eight subtypes: macro-vesicule,shrank primary vesicule, alteration pore, groundmass corrosive pore, normal structural crack, corrosive structural crack,filled structural crack and groundmass shrank crack according to texture and origin of the pore space. It has characteristic of double pore medium. Volcanic porosities of small diameter samples (with diameter of ca. 2.5 cm) and large diameter samples (with diameter of ca. 21.5 cm) were tested in accordance with the characteristic of volcanic reservoir space. Volcanic porosities for small diameter samples correspond with matrix porosities and those of large diameter samples correspond with total porosities including matrix and fractured porosities. Models of the calculated porosity by acoustic wave or density of volcanic reservoir are established in view of those measured data. Comparison of calculated and measuredporosities shows that precision of calculated porosities is lower for rhyolite and tuffites, and higher for basaltand andesite.Relative errors of calculated porosities by model of large diameter samples are lower than those of small diameter samples, i. e. precision of the former is higher than that of the later.     

北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩岩石学特征及其喷发旋回研究

北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩分布广泛,发育在早奥陶世阴沟组和晚奥陶世抠门子组。对北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩分布特征和岩石学特征进行了研究,划分了3类火山岩岩相：爆发相、喷溢相、喷发沉积相。并划分了2个火山岩喷发旋回：阴沟旋回和扣门子旋回。揭示了阿柔地区祁连洋（裂谷）演化特征,对北祁连地区火山岩区域对比及火山机构恢复具有一定的指导意义。     

邹平火山岩盆地隐伏岩(矿)体区土壤汞气测量效果探讨

通过对已往邹平火山岩地区实施的土壤汞气测量试验性成果的初步研究,24处汞气测量异常中经钻探验证见矿异常8处;有进一步工作意义的异常若干处。土壤中汞气测量异常与钻孔中铜元素原生晕异常相吻合、与铜矿及金属硫化物关系密切。由此可见,土壤汞气测量在第四系覆盖区寻找隐伏的多金属硫化物矿床是完全可行的。     

The Sequence Architecture of Volcanic Basin Fillings- An Example From Xujiaweizi Faulted Depression In Songliao Basin

The basin filling geometric pattern of volcanic eruptive rocks depends on both of the eruptive locations in a basin and structural styles of fault terraces. It is divided into three types by eruptive locations and occurrences of eruptive rocks, including the pattern of eruption along fault and occurrence (PEAFO), the pattern of eruption on footwall of a fault and occurrence (PEOFO) and the pattern of eruption on hangingwall of fault and occurrence (PEOHO) in Xujiaweizi fault depression of Songliao basin, Northeast of China. Those basin filling patterns of volcanic eruptive rocks are of specific geometric characteristics controlling or affecting sedimentation, geometry of sedimentary body and sequence architecture during a sequence evolution. The study shows that the volcanic rocks developed at different stages of lowstand, transgressive and highstand can give different controls or affects on the sequence architecture.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷早第三纪火山岩地球化学及形成环境

中新生代频繁的岩浆活动是辽河盆地重要特征之一,东部凹陷作为各时期岩浆活动的中心,下第三系火山岩基本覆盖了整个凹陷.受构造运动差异影响,东部凹陷各地区不同时期岩浆活动强度不同,房身泡组火山岩分布最广,从沙三段到东营组沉积时期岩浆活动具有自中部向南、北转移的特征.岩石学和地球化学研究表明,主要火山熔岩类型为碱性玄武岩、粗面岩和辉绿玢岩;岩石化学组成上具有高碱、高铝和镁,较富集轻稀土元素,Eu异常不明显(δEu为0.70～1.05),弱亏损Ti、P、Sr、Ta元素的特征.岩石εNd(t)和(N(87Sr)/N(86Sr))i组成分别为-2.8～2.8和0.704 6～0.706 7.综合研究表明,玄武质岩浆来源于岩石圈地幔,而粗面岩和辉绿玢岩可能源于幔源玄武质岩浆的分异,但辉绿岩受地壳物质污染较重;该火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,反映出早第三纪辽河盆地处于拉张构造背景.     

Methane-rich fluid inclusions and their hosting volcanic reservoir rocks of the Songliao Basin, NE China

Methane-rich fluids were recognized to be hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks as primary inclusions. Samples were collected from core-drillings of volcanic gas reservoirs with reversed δ^13C of alkane in the Xujiaweizi depression of the Songliao Basin. The volcanic rocks are rhyolite dominant being enriched in the more incompatible elements like Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, U and Th with relative high LREE, depleted HREE and negative anomalies of Ti and Nb, suggesting a melt involving both in mantle source and crustal assimilation. Primary fluids hosted in the volcanic rocks should have the same provenance with the magma. The authors concluded that the enclosed CH4 in the volcanics are mantle/magma-derived alkane and the reversed δ^13C of alkane in the corresponding gas reservoirs is partly resulted from mixture between biogenic and abiogenic gases.     

浅层地震反射在郧西盆地断层探测中的应用与研究

在前期详细地质调查的基础上,对郧西盆地进行针对性的浅层地震反射勘探,并利用地震发射结果来确定断层位置及构造特征。该研究对南水北调中线核心水源区地震安全系统的建设有一定意义。     

Methane-rich fluid inclusions and their hosting volcanic reservoir rocks of the Songliao Basin, NE China

Methane-rich fluids were recognized to be hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks as primary inclusions.Samples were collected from core-drillings of volcanic gas reservoirs with reversed δ12C of alkane in the Xujiaweizi depression of the Songliao Basin. The volcanic rocks are rhyolite dominant being enriched in the more incompatible elements like Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, U and Th with relative high LREE, depleted HREE and negative anomalies of Ti and Nb,suggesting a melt involving both in mantle source and crustal assimilation. Primary fluids hosted in the volcanic rocks should have the same provenance with the magma. The authors concluded that the enclosed CH4 in the volcanics are mantle/magma-derived alkane and the reversed δ13C of alkane in the corresponding gas reservoirs is partly resulted from mixture between biogenic and abiogenic gases.     

冀中黄骅坳陷古近纪火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义

冀中、黄骅坳陷的火山岩主要发育于古近纪的断陷期,分为Ek Es4,Es2 Es3,Es1 Ed三期.火山岩的岩石系列主要为碱性玄武岩系列,古近纪晚期逐渐向拉斑玄武岩过渡;稀土元素特征同大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩的配分模式一致,为轻稀土富集型.通过岩石地球化学特征分析和大地构造讨论,阐释了研究区古近纪火山活动的构造背景和成因机制.     

临沂方城盆地中生代青山群火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

临沂方城盆地发育一套粗面质、粗安质火山碎屑岩及熔岩组合,是一套溢流相与爆发相交替的旋回性火山沉积组合,属碱性钾质岩石的钾玄岩,重稀土元素富集,δEu值为0.82~0.93,接近于1,具弱负铕异常,反映该期火山作用是在可能存在山根的条件下,在地幔岩石圈减薄下形成的;该套岩层前人划分为青山群沉积期形成的粗面质潜火山岩。研究发现该套地层与下伏八亩地组安山质沉凝灰岩为喷发不整合接触,界面处存在有短暂的沉积间断,并发育有1~2cm的古风化壳。根据其岩石组合特征,产出层位及地球化学特征等,将其厘定为青山群方戈庄组。     

松辽盆地深层断陷沙河子组烃源岩分布预测与生气潜力

松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组是深层断陷的主要烃源岩发育层系,目前钻井揭示其厚度大（＞700 m）,埋藏深（＞3500 m）,但钻井大都分布于深层断陷的边部,断陷内部烃源岩层揭示少。根据断陷结构样式及地震反射特征,总结出单断箕状断陷和双断地堑式断陷两种沙河子组烃源岩发育模式,并确定深层烃源岩主要有五种存在形式。断陷中部席状平行结构、成层性、连续性好的地震反射特征的烃源岩最为落实,主要为深湖-半深湖相,暗色泥岩厚度大,暗地比高（45％～70％）。深层沙河子组烃源岩总生气量约148.38×1012 m3,天然气资源潜力巨大。     

太原盆地田庄断裂活动性分段及地震危险性分析研究

为厘定太原盆地中部潜在的发震断层情况,对田庄断裂实施了浅层地震勘探,结果表明:1)田庄断裂可分为3个区段,各区段内均发育北、南支断裂,其中北支断裂为主断裂;2)除断裂西端及中-东段转折部位断面呈近似“N”形结构外,其余断面均呈“Y”形;3)西段断裂带宽度最小,东段断裂带宽度最大。利用年代学测试方法结合钻孔剖面确定断裂的活动年代及滑动速率,断裂中段的活动年代为晚更新世晚期,上断点最小埋深为39.3 m,晚更新世以来最大断距为2.9 m,最大滑动速率为0.0415 mm/a;断裂西段及东段的活动年代为中更新世,中-东段转折部位上断点最小埋深为37.4 m,晚更新世以来最大断距为2.7 m,最大滑动速率为0.0461 mm/a。基于浅层地震揭示的基岩破裂长度,采用地震矩方法对田庄断裂进行地震危险性概率分析,确定断裂的最大潜在震级及发震概率。