对聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合注浆材料的初步研究

聚合物/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,是现在世界上投入研究探索最多、最受人们关注的复合材料之一。在我国,蒙脱土资源非常丰富,蒙脱土独有的特点,使其成为制备新型复合材料的最重要的一类无机物。蒙脱土与聚合物的插层复合研究在塑料和橡胶领域己取得了很多成果,但在化学注浆方面却是一片空白。本篇论文只是作了一些探索性研究,介绍了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合注浆材料的概念;用插层法制备聚合物/蒙脱土复合材料浆液。文章最后对将来研究工作进行了一些展望。     

PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料研究进展及其应用

总结分析了PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料的研究进展,并对其应用进行综述。采用熔融插层、悬浮聚合及乳液聚合等方法可以制备PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料,并被应用到工程材料、阻隔性材料、功能性材料等领域。PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料与传统的复合材料相比,表现出了更优越的综合性能,且比传统的复合材料轻,具有高强度、高模量、高耐热性、低吸湿性、高尺寸稳定性、阻隔性能好,性能全而超过了PVC树脂。PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料不仅具有良好的加工性能,与普通的玻璃纤维增强和矿物增强PVC相比,具有密度低、耐磨性好、综合性能优等特性。     

对山西省交口县庞子矿区铝土矿资源的分析

山西省交口县庞子窊铝土矿区位于交口县城北60°、直距约35km处的庞子窊村一带,矿区交通比较便利。矿区出露地层为奥陶系中统峰峰组(O2f)、石炭系中统本溪组(C2b)、新近系上新统(N2)、第四系中上更新统(Q3)和第四系全新统(Q4)。石炭系中统本溪组(C2b)地层是本区的铝土矿的含矿层,本区矿体有3个矿段,编号为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,其中Ⅱ矿段最大,南北长约1200m,东西宽约350-665m,Ⅲ矿段最小。矿区矿石类型按照成因,可分为沉积型和风化壳型两类。本区铝土矿资源量649.17万吨。     

嵌入式灭菌控制系统的设计

通过采用三星公司的S3C44B0X和嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ,提出了输液药品生产过程中的灭菌智能控制器的设计方案.按照输液药品的灭菌工艺流程要求和控制特点,介绍和论述控制仪的硬件结构、软件结构,重点介绍整个系统的软件设计,包括μC/OS-Ⅱ的移植、设备驱动程序开发、应用程序开发.     

饲料中添加4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长和抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】研究4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长和抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加姜黄素(50 mg/kg)、复方中草药Ⅰ(板蓝根、大黄,5 g/kg)、复方中草药Ⅱ(黄芩、黄柏、大黄、大青叶,5 g/kg)、复方中草药Ⅲ(辣蓼、青蒿、苍耳草、赤小豆、苦杏仁,5 g/kg),连续饲喂初始体质量(19.53±5) g大口黑鲈幼鱼60d,表观饱食投喂,每天投喂2次。【结果】饲料中添加4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼成活率、特定生长率、饲料系数的影响不显著(P0.05);饲料中添加复方中草药Ⅱ显著提高血浆SOD活性(P0.05),复方中草药Ⅲ显著增高肝脏中脂肪含量(P0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加适量的4种中草药制剂对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长不造成不利影响,复方中草药Ⅱ可提高机体抗氧化能力,但复方中草药Ⅲ会加大幼鱼肝脏病变风险。     

Efficient expression of green fluorescent protein （GFP） mediated by a chimeric promoter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

To improve the expression efficiency of exogenous genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,a high efficient expression vector was constructed.Green fluorescent protein(GFP) was expressed in C.reinhardtii under the control of promoters:RBCS2 and HSP70A-RBCS2.Efficiency of transformation and expression were compared between two transgenic algae:RBCS2 mediated strain Tran-Ⅰ and HSP70A-RBCS2 mediated strain Tran-Ⅱ.Results show that HSP70A-RBCS2 could improve greatly the transformation efficiency by approximately eightfold of RBCS2,and the expression efficiency of GFP in Tran-Ⅱ was at least double of that in Tran-Ⅰ.In addition,a threefold increase of GFP in Tran-Ⅱwas induced by heat shock at 40°C.All of the results demonstrated that HSP70A-RBCS2 was more efficient than RBCS2 in expressing exogenous gene in C.reinhardtii.     

饲料中添加L-肉碱对牙鲆幼鱼生长、生化组成及血液指标的影响

研究0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500 mg/kg 6个L-肉碱添加水平对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼生长、生化组成和血液指标的影响。结果表明:添加量为1 200 mg/kg的处理组牙鲆幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);随着饲料中L-肉碱含量的增加,肝指数呈现下降趋势,且在添加量为900~1 500 mg/kg时,各组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);饲料中添加L-肉碱显著降低各实验组脏体比(P<0.05),而对各处理组间存活率和肥满度均无影响(P<0.05);肌肉和肝脏中的脂肪含量与L-肉碱添加量呈负相关,当添加量为1 200~1 500 mg/kg时,较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);肌肉中的蛋白含量与L-肉碱添加量呈正相关,但各组差异不显著(P<0.05);饲料中添加L-肉碱降低血清中的谷草转氨酶、胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿素氮含量,且添加量1 200 mg/kg组各指标含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各处理组的血糖含量较对照组均有所增加,其中1 200 mg/kg组血糖含量较对照组提高41.6%(P<0.05);血清中总蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均随着L-肉碱添加量的增加而呈下降趋势,高密度脂蛋白却得以提升,但差异均不显著(P<0.05)。分析认为,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加L-肉碱可促进牙鲆幼鱼生长,且降脂效果显著。建议L-肉碱最适添加量为1 200 mg/kg。     

EM培养物在断奶仔猪中的应用

在饲料中添加EM(effectivemicroorganism)培养物 ,对断乳仔猪进行饲养和疾病防治试验。结果表明 :添加EM或EM培养物的试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组及治疗组的平均增重比对照组平均增重分别高出 2 .2 6 、2 .34 和 1.2 7 。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的平均增重与对照组的平均增重间的差异在 1%水平上显著 ;试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的平均增重间差异不显著。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的料重比分别比对照组降低 0 .19、0 .18、0 .11。试验组的发病率为 6 .7% ,对照组的发病率为 4 0 % ,而防治组中患白痢的仔猪在 4d内完全康复。故在仔猪饲粮中添加EM培养物 ,可提高饲料利用率和仔猪的生长速度 ,及增强机体抗病力。     

电化学转化二氧化碳制备碳纳米材料及表征

以Fe为阴极、Ni-Cr合金为阳极,在熔融碳酸盐电解质过程中,采用一步法电解CO2制备蜂窝状单质碳和碳纳米线。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱仪(RAM)、比表面积测定仪(BET)及激光粒度仪等仪器,分别对碳纳米材料的形貌、晶型结构、比表面积和粒度进行表征。考察电解温度对单质碳形貌的影响,根据计算产碳质量与消耗电荷量的关系,确定最佳电解条件。结果表明:电解温度影响产物的整体形貌及产碳的电流效率,电解温度为850~900K时获得的碳纳米材料形貌呈蜂窝状,电解温度为900~950K时获得的碳纳米材料形貌呈线状。随着电解温度的升高,碳纳米材料的粒径逐渐增加,比表面积逐渐减小。产碳的电流效率随电解温度的升高而降低,在最优电解条件下,电流效率可达82.33%。     

复合酸化剂对鲤生长及消化酶活性的影响

在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)基础饲料中,分别添加不同梯度的复合酸化剂(质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.3%),研究复合酸化剂对其生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)添加复合酸化剂显著(P<0.05)提高鲤鱼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饵料转化效率、饲料蛋白质效率以及饲料蛋白质沉积率等生长性能指标;2)添加质量分数0.3%的复合酸化剂时,鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),酸化剂组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有升高的趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;3)鱼体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、肥满度及内脏比等品质指标在各组间差异不显著。综上所述,鲤鱼饲料中添加以柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸等为主的复合酸化剂,可显著提高鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性,促进鲤鱼生长。     

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Lipase from Antarctic Krill

Lipase from Antarctic krill,with a molecular weight of 71.27kDa,was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of chromatographic separations over ion exchange(DEAE)and gel filtration columns(Sephacryl S-100),resulting in 5.2%recovery with a 22.4-fold purification ratio.The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 8.0 and 45℃,respectively.Purified lipase had Km and Vmax values of 3.27mmolL−1 and 2.4Umg−1,respectively,using p-nitrophenyl laurate as the substrate.Lipase activity was enhanced by adding Ca2+and Mg2+ions in the concentration ranges of 0–0.5mmolL−1 and 0–0.3mmolL−1,respectively,while the activity was inhibited by a further increase in these ion concentrations.Fe3+and Cu2+ions showed obvious inhibitory effects on enzyme activity,and the inhibition rates were 71.8%and 53.3%when the ion concentrations were 0.5mmolL−1.     

河北省活动积温时空分布规律研究

为了解河北省作物生长发育和产量形成的热量条件,利用1961~2009年河北省139个观测站的逐日气温资料,应用线性趋势分析、样条函数插值等方法分析河北省≥0℃、≥10℃活动积温的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)49年来河北省大部分地区≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温的最小值出现在20世纪70年代,≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温的最大值出现在1991年之后。从整体看,河北省≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温在增加。(2)1961~2009年的河北省≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温空间差异较大,大部分地区介于2700~5016℃·d(2185~4526℃·d),其中冀南平原地区活动积温最大,沿海地区活动积温居中,冀北高原地区活动积温最小。(3)1961~2009年的河北省≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温的相对变率南北差异较大,冀北高原活动积温相对变率明显大于冀南平原;≥0℃活动积温比≥10℃活动积温稳定。     

Modification of HDPE filling with pelagic clay

In order to improve the properties of HDPE, the authors used the method of suspended diffusion for purification the pelagic clay, used silane coupling agent to increase its organic activation, and prepared the composites of organic pelagic clay/HDPE by melting them in different conditions. The affections of process conditions and quantity of pelagic clay to the properties of composites were analyzed by testing their mechanical properties, thermo stability and barrier properties. According to test the structure of composites, it is indicated that pelagic clay has good compatibility with HDPE. The result shows that the pelagic clay can improve mechanical properties, thermo stability and barrier properties of HDPE properties effectively.     

Source Evolution and Its Relationship to Climate Change Since the Middle–Late Pleistocene in Laizhou Bay,China

Through the geochemical analysis of two hundred-meters cores KD4 and ZK3 from Laizhou Bay,in this study,we determined the distribution law and controlling factors of the geochemical elements.We analyzed 24 elements with respect to their R factors and major principal components,which were combined with the source discrimination functions DFCr/Th and DFCa/Al to obtain the sediment source index and its variation with depth for this area.A comparison of the changes in climate indicators suggests a clear correlation between the source and climate changes.The results show that the Yellow River and surrounding short-term rivers are the main sediment sources in this area.The PC3 of the KD4 core and PC2 of the ZK3 core(e.g.,CaO,MnO,SiO2)exhibit significant variations and reflect the relative contributions of Yellow River sources.The deposition process can be divided into six stages:in Phase I(MIS 5c–MIS 5a),the Yellow River formed,and the composition of the Yellow River had a greater influence on the sedimentary composition of the study area.In Phase II(MIS 5a–MIS 3),the sediment sources of the Yellow River and the short-term streams in this area were wavering,with the sediments derived from short-term rivers playing a more important role.In Phase III(MIS 3),with a sharp drop in temperature,the study area was in the process of retreat,and the sediment source changed from the Yellow River to short-term rivers,after which the Yellow River source material remained the main sediment source for the region.A similar process occurred three more times in Phase IV(MIS 3–MIS 2),Phase V(MIS 2–MIS 1),and Phase VI(MIS 1).With changes in climate,especially during alternating sea-land phases,the sediment source varied in marine-terrestrial-marine phases,and the changes are observed as Yellow River source-surrounding provenance-Yellow River source.However,this process of change is not synchronized with the sea-land strata alternation.     

Removal of Mercury(Hg(Ⅱ)) from Seaweed Extracts by Electrodialysis and Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

In this work,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to model and optimize electrodialysis process for mercury(Hg(II))removal from seaweed extracts.Box-Behnken design(BBD)was utilized to evaluate the effects and the interaction of influential variables such as operating voltage,influent flow rate,initial concentration of Hg(II)on the removal rate of Hg(II).The developed regression model for removal rate response was validated by analysis of variance,and presented a good agreement of the experimental data with the quadratic equation with high value coefficient of determination value(R2=0.9913,RAdj 2=0.9678).The optimum operating parameters were determined as 7.17V operating voltage,72.54L h−1 influent flow rate and 5.04mgL−1 initial concentration of mercury.Hg(II)removal rate of 76.45%was acquired under the optimum conditions,which showed good agreement with model-predicted(75.81%)result.The results revealed that electrodialysis can be considered as a promising strategy for removal of Hg(II)from seaweed extracts.     

两种由群的元素性质所确定的群的根性

讨论群的元素性质与群的根性之间的关系．考虑群的元素性质汐满足条件（1）：如果x是p-的p-元素,且N G,那么xN是G／N的p-元素;满足条件（4）：设N G,如果x∈N是G的p-元素,那么x也是N的p-元素,则群类P1={G}G的每个同态像没有非平凡的p-元素}是p1-根群类．如果p满足条件（1）和条件（2）,x∈N是N的p-元素,且N G,那么x也是G的p-元素,则群类P2={G｜G的每个非平凡的同态像有一个非平凡的次正规p-子群}是p-根群类．如果性质p-满足条件（1）,（2）和（4）,那么P,P2均为根群类且P=P2．     

溶藻弧菌dtd基因的克隆及原核表达条件优化

根据NCBI数据库中已发表的溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)全基因组序列合成一对特异性引物,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR技术)扩增溶藻弧菌HY9001菌株dtd基因,将其定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a构建重组表达质粒pET-DTD,并对其进行诱导温度、诱导时间、诱导IPTG浓度等条件的优化,最后探究其纯化时最佳咪唑洗脱浓度。结果表明:DTD蛋白成功表达,且其以包涵体的形式存在,在诱导温度37℃、IPTG浓度0.1 mmol/L条件下诱导5 h表达量最高,纯化最佳咪唑洗脱浓度为150 mmol/L。     

Comparison Between Early and Late 21~(st)C Phytoplankton Biomass and Dimethylsulfide Flux in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean

Time-series of chlorophyll-a(CHL),a proxy for phytoplankton biomass,and various satellite-derived climate indicators are compared in a region of the Subantarctic Southern Ocean(40°-60°S,110°-140°E)for years 2012-2014.CHL reached a minimum in winter(June)and a maximum in late summer(early February).Zonal mean CHL decreased towards the south.Mean sea surface temperature(SST)ranged between 8℃and 15℃and peaked in late February.CHL and SST were positively correlated from March to June,negatively correlated from July to September.CHL and wind speed(WIND)were negatively correlated with peak WIND occurred in winter.Wind direction(WIRD)was mostly in the southwest to westerly direction.The Antarctic Oscillation index(AAO)and CHL were negatively correlated(R=−0.58),indicating that as synoptic wind systems move southwards,CHL increases,and conversely when wind systems move northwards,CHL decreases.A genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the biogeochemical DMS model’s key parameters.Under 4×CO2(after year 2100)Regional mean SST increases 12%-17%,WIND increases 1.2ms−1,Cloud Cover increases 4.8%and mixed layer depth(MLD)decreases 48m.The annual CHL increases 6.3%.The annual mean DMS flux increase 25.2%,increases 37%from day 1 to day 280 and decrease 3%from day 288 to day 360.The general increase of DMS flux under 4×CO2 conditions indicates the Subantarctic regional climate would be affected by changes in the DMS flux,with the potential for a cooling effect in the austral summer and autumn.     

Processing of diamond enhanced cemented tungsten carbide insert for rock drilling

This paper introduced the structure, component and sintering procedure of the Diamond/WC-Co composite insert fabricated by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method as well as by hot pressing method. In HPHT method, to avoid breakage and delamination of the diamond layer, two transition layers were added between the most outer diamond layer and the WC-Co body. The transition layers compensate for differences in thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus of diamond layer and WC-Co substrate. Thus reduces the residual stress induced by cooling the inserts from sintering temperature to room temperature. In hot pressing method, to decrease sintering temperature so as to protect diamond, an active sintering process which achieved by adding nickel and phosphorus into the starting mixed powder is adopted. To increase the toughness of the inserts to resist breakage, proper amount of rare earth compound, LaNi5 and CeO2, are added into the original mixed powder, too. Laboratory tests indicated that both of the diamond enhanced inserts fabricated by HPHT method and by hot pressing method have relatively high hardness and impact toughness, while their wear resistance is about hundreds of times greater than that of conventional cemented tungsten carbide inserts. The results of field drilling test indicated that the diamond enhanced inserts can meet the demands of rotary percussion drilling.