江西相山铀矿田铀矿物稀土元素特征及富集机制探讨

铀矿物是铀矿床勘探与选冶的重要研究对象。相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀-多金属矿田,主要发育有早期碱交代和晚期酸交代两期铀矿化,但目前对这两期铀矿化中铀矿物的地球化学特征尚缺乏系统的对比研究。文章运用电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱对相山铀矿田两期铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素特征进行研究。结果显示,相山铀矿田碱交代和酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物类型均包含钛铀矿、铀石和沥青铀矿,碱交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物以钛铀矿、铀石为主,酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主。碱交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,富集La、Ce和Nd等元素;酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素配分模式为左倾型,富集Yb、Er和Dy等元素。酸交代型铀矿化矿石中沥青铀矿相对富集重稀土元素,与国内外其他类型的铀矿床相比其成矿过程有明显特殊性,这可能与成矿流体富F-有关;深部沥青铀矿较浅部富集重稀土元素的原因可能是深部沥青铀矿结晶温度高于浅部;相对于铀石和钛铀矿等铀矿物,重稀土富集对沥青铀矿有倾向性可能是因为沥青铀矿形成的过程与CO₃^2-和Cl-关系密切。     

华南内生铀矿石结构的新认识及其成因意义

在华南374和331花岗岩型铀矿床矿石内及人工合成沥青铀矿的模拟实验中均发现有针状沥青铀矿与沥青铀矿球粒紧密共生的现象。结合对沥青铀矿球粒的形态、结构、粒度及共生矿物等特征的研究,作者确认沥青铀矿球粒是球状结晶的表现,而针状及长柱状沥青铀矿则是铀氧化物相变中间产物(α-U_2O_8或β-U_3O_8)的假象。沥青铀矿的高温高压人工模拟实验表明,一些沥青铀矿在快速结晶生长过程中,由于结晶生长的限制而具有非生物成因的显微草莓状和花瓣状结构特征。     

热液型铀成矿氧化还原条件研究：来自特征矿物的指示

通过对典型热液型铀矿床铀-赤铁矿型、铀-黄铁矿型铀矿石矿物组合特征、时空分布特征的研究,探讨了热液型铀成矿的氧化还原条件。相山矿田碱交代成因的铀-赤铁矿型矿石矿物组合为沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-钠长石-磷灰石-碳酸盐;长江矿田酸交代成因的铀-赤铁矿型矿石矿物组合为沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-微晶石英。铀-黄铁矿型矿石矿物组合为沥青铀矿-黄铁矿-微晶石英-萤石。铀-赤铁矿型较铀-黄铁矿型形成早,两种类型铀矿石在矿田深部及浅部均有大量富集,垂向上呈现相互叠置的分布特征。沥青铀矿形成并能稳定存在的氧化还原条件为黄铁矿至黄铁矿与赤铁矿共存区,黄铁矿存在有利于沥青铀矿富集,完全的赤铁矿区不利于沥青铀矿的形成及保存。     

二连盆地乔尔古铀矿区铀赋存状态及铀矿石工艺矿物学研究

可地浸砂岩型铀矿床中铀赋存状态及铀矿物空间嵌布特征会影响地浸时浸出工艺的选择及溶浸液的优化,研究矿石中铀赋存状态及铀矿物工艺参数对于提高矿床的铀浸出效率具有重要意义。本研究采集了二连盆地乔尔古铀矿区矿石样品,通过扫描电镜、电子探针及综合矿物分析仪(TIMA)等方法,分析铀赋存状态及铀矿物粒度、解离度、连生矿物等工艺矿物学参数。结果表明：(1)乔尔古铀矿区矿石中铀的存在形式主要为铀矿物、含铀矿物和吸附态铀。铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿和少量的铀石。(2)铀矿物粒度较小且变化范围较大,铀石粒径最大可达30～35μm,沥青铀矿粒径最大可达60～65μm;多数铀矿物的粒径小于20μm,其中铀矿物粒径在5～10μm的数量是占比最多(铀石和沥青铀矿分别占总颗粒数量的37.88%和27.78%)。(3)铀矿物解离度较低,解离度小于10%的铀石和沥青铀矿的占比分别为99.72%和91.84%。铀的赋存状态表明乔尔古铀矿区适宜地浸,但实际浸出时铀浸出率可能会受到铀矿物粒度及解离度特征的严重制约,使得经济效益受到较大影响。本研究有效查明了乔尔古铀矿区铀赋存状态以及铀矿物工艺参数,有助于研究制定适合该矿区的地浸采铀...     

华南混合岩中的铀矿化

以浸染扶晶质铀矿形式产于混合岩中的铀矿化是华南一种新的铀矿化类型。根据晶质铀矿在矿体中的存在形式,可划分为原生型和改造型。原生型矿床中主要铀矿物是晶质铀矿,改造型矿床中的主要铀矿物是沥青铀矿和残余的晶质铀矿。此类型矿床是富铀地层选择性熔融,并在此过程中导致铀的活化、转移和局部富集的结果。     

用红外吸收光谱法区分晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿的探讨

晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿是铀的简单氧化物中的两个最重要的矿物,其化学分析所提供的主要化学组份是UO_2和UO_3。矿物的晶体化学研究结果表明,晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿具有相同的晶体结构——CaF_2型,属于同一矿物种。所以,有些国家的矿物学家将二者统称为“Ura-ninite”。但是,晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿在晶体形态及某些物理性质方面是有差别的,矿物成因及产出的地质条件也不尽相同,就是在晶体结构方面也有差别:晶质铀矿晶胞中的     

砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物U-Pb年代学研究现状及研究方向

该文基于中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心研究团队近年来的研究工作及对相关文献的综合研究,对砂岩型铀矿中一些重要铀矿物如沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学研究现状进行了深入分析,提出新的研究方向,即通过采用二次离子质谱法、激光剥蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法与电子探针化学分析法和同位素稀释热电离质谱法相结合的方式,综合研究砂岩型铀矿中沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等铀矿物和金红石、磷灰石等含铀矿物的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学,探索砂岩型铀矿中矿石矿物的U-Pb同位素测年新方法,获取更精确的砂岩型铀矿成岩成矿的年代学信息。这对于全面准确地认识砂岩型铀矿床的生成和演化历史,建立砂岩型铀矿床的成矿新理论具有十分重要的科学意义。铀矿物测年新方法在砂岩型铀矿床的地质勘探中也有广阔的应用前景。     

花岗岩型铀矿成矿分带模型

晚白垩世是下庄铀矿田最重要的成矿期阶段,早、晚两次成矿作用(130～120 Ma和80～60 Ma)均生于石英正长岩(γξ3(1)>)固结期后.成矿热液主要是沿北北东向断裂向上运移,致使断裂构造岩及两侧的岩石普遍发生不同程度的硅化.除硅化外,水云母化、萤石化、粘土化、方解石化等热液蚀变作用与铀矿成矿密切相关.大部分的矿体产于硅化破碎带内,但在断裂与基性岩脉的交汇部位常见显著富化.铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,常见的矿化类型是微晶石英型沥青铀矿、萤石化型沥青铀矿和粘土化型沥青铀矿,三者通常被认为不同类型的矿床(金景福和黄广荣,1991;金景福等,1992;Dawood,2004).     

低温低压下沥青铀矿合成实验研究

前言在研究某地碳硅泥岩型铀矿地质特征和矿床成因过程中,重点研究了该矿床沥青铀矿形成的物理化学环境,并在实验室内模拟了沥青铀矿形成的主要条件。从我们调研的材料看出,早在四十年代美国原子能委员会(AEC)下设的科研机构就已做过沥青铀矿合成实验,苏联至五十年代末还发表过合成沥青铀矿的有关文章。然而就我们所知,前人的合成实验大多在高温高压下进行,也有人如 J.W.格鲁纳(1954年)提到了曾在     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿石结构构造及其成因意义

通过野外观察以及室内的岩矿鉴定、X射线衍射、QEMSCAN及电子探针分析手段,对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿石的矿物组成及其结构构造进行了详细的研究。该地区铀矿物主要有晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿、钍铀矿、钛铀矿、铌钛铀矿、铀烧绿石、黑稀金矿、硅钙铀矿、铀石和铀钍石。晶质铀矿、钍铀矿和铀钛氧化物的结构多为全自形或半自形晶粒状结构、浸染状构造,而沥青铀矿和铀硅酸盐则大部分为隐晶结构、交代残余结构以及脉状、细脉状构造。由此可见,该地区白岗岩型铀矿是由原始岩浆的结晶分异作用、后期热液的叠加改造作用及表生氧化作用共同作用的产物。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861