面向服务的分布式地学模型集成框架研究

通过对模型库、GIS与应用分析模型集成方式的探讨，结合未来以分布式资源共享为特征的系统构建模式，提出了面向服务的分布式地学模型集成框架。该框架通过将XML文档对象模型引入到模型定义中，统一了模型数据和功能的定义，基于COM技术实现了模型集成运行服务器和模型服务访问组件。模型服务器扩展了传统模型库的功能，为异构模型提供了集成和运行环境；服务访问组件实现了面向对象的服务访问接口，为应用系统开发提供了一致的集成模式。     

基于三维GIS的铁路BIM空间信息系统构建及其工程应用

铁路工程是带状工程,具有范围广、与地形地貌结合紧密的特点。传统BIM设计对海量模型及地理空间分析的支持较弱,难以解决大范围地理环境下铁路工程多专业集成的问题。本文以三维地理信息系统为基础,研究了大范围地理环境下面向铁路BIM多专业设计融合的关键技术,从铁路地理信息数据发布、地理环境下的线路设计、多专业BIM模型无缝拼接、海量模型数据的轻量化与显示策略等方面进行了深入地分析和研究,提出了一套完整的铁路设计BIM+GIS解决方案。在此基础上,构建了基于三维GIS的BIM空间信息平台,在西成高铁BIM试点工程中进行了应用和验证。     

全国警用空间信息服务互联互通的关键技术

针对大型空间信息服务平台构建过程中的数据互联互通和信息集成问题,从集成框架体系结构、技术路线和关键技术3个方面进行研究,提出了分布式地理空间信息集成框架的5层体系结构模型和原子空间信息服务概念;通过研究分布式空间查询路由算法和虚拟四叉树模型等关键技术,探索实现分布式环境下的空间信息的互联互通。     

郑州市综合管网信息系统总体设计与关键技术研究

论述了建设郑州市综合管网信息系统的意义、目标和总体结构,选择AutoCAD Map作为系统基础平台,设计了FDO与ArcSDE空间数据库引擎相结合的技术路线,以实现管线数据管理和基于CAD与GIS相集成的城市综合管网设计、管理、应用与服务的一体化,并阐述了系统建设需要解决的关键技术。     

基于Cityengine平台的CGA规则室内三维建模方法研究

随着三维数字城市建设的兴起和不断发展,3D GIS技术逐渐被人们所重视,多种三维建模软件也已被大量应用在三维数字城市的设计和创建中。首先通过与传统建模软件的对比,分析了Cityengine城市引擎软件在快速批量建模和与GIS软件数据交互方面的优点,同时也指出了Cityengine在建筑物室内场景方面缺乏对建模规则的研究。因此本文利用二维GIS几何数据作为模型的底面基础数据,借助Cityengine软件特有的CGA语法编写规则文件,对Cityengine平台下创建建筑物室内三维场景的方法进行了初步探究。通过对该方法的研究旨在使三维室内外场景形成良好的整体,弥补之前Cityengine只能对大场景进行外部批量建模而缺乏对内部模型研究的不足,扩展Cityengine在三维建模领域的应用范围,为智慧城市的创建设计以及可视化分析提供了新的手段。     

Human conceptions of spaces: Implications for GIS

The way people conceptualize space is an important consideration for the design of GIS, because a better match with people's thinking is expected to lead to easier-to-use information systems. Everyday space, the basis to GIS, has been characterized in the literature as being either small-scale (from table-top to room-size spaces) or large-scale (inside-of-building spaces to city-size spaces). While this dichotomy of space is grounded in the view from psychology that people's perception of space, spatial cognition, and spatial behaviour are experience-based, it is in contrast to current GIS, which enable us to interact with large-scale spaces as though they were small-scale or manipulable. We analyse different approaches to characterizing spaces and propose a unified view in which space is based on the physical properties of manipulability, locomotion, and size of space. Within the structure of our framework, we distinguish six types of spaces: manipulable object space (smaller than the human body), non-manipulable object space (greater than the human body, but less than the size of a building), environmental space (from inside-of-building spaces to city-size spaces), geographic space (state, country, and continent-size spaces), panoramic space (spaces perceived via scanning the landscape), and map space. Such a categorization is an important part of Naive Geography, a set of theories on how people intuitively or spontaneously conceptualize geographic space and time, because it has implications for various theoretical and methodological questions concerning the design and use of spatial information tools. Of particular concern is the design of effective spatial information tools that lead to better communication.     

3DGIS与BIM集成技术在公路隧道智慧运维中的应用

随着我国公路运营里程的快速增长,公路隧道运营养护问题也日益突出。为了解决公路隧道运维中存在的隧道结构复杂,设备众多,信息共享性差,巡检困难等问题,本文将3DGIS与BIM集成的技术运用到公路隧道的运维管理中,充分利用GIS和BIM各自技术的优势,将内外各类BIM建筑模型微观数据融入3DGIS建立的宏观地理环境中,形成了隧道空间及周边地理环境三维一体可视化全信息模型,实现了隧道的信息监测、健康检测、应用管理和安全预警等智慧运维管养功能,提升了公路隧道养护维修精细化的管理水平。     

基于GIS的采煤沉陷区地质环境数据库建设研究

文章梳理了采煤沉陷区地质环境调查基础数据类型和空间数据类型,依据我国矿山地质环境调查评价的行业标准和规范,建立了集成数据管理、服务、交换体系的综合数据库,实现了基于GIS的综合业务数据集成、管理与服务。结果表明:GIS技术可以实现采煤沉陷区环境地质调查数据库建设,为采煤沉陷区的土地治理和生态恢复提供决策支持。     

国土资源电子政务中GIS与工作流的集成应用研究

图文一体化已成为电子政务信息化建设的一项基本要求。基于模型级图文一体化的集成方式基本上解决了电子政务建设过程中GIS图形系统和工作流审批系统的开发相对独立的问题。模型级图文一体化的集成方式代表了GIS与工作流技术集成的发展趋势。本文以江苏省国土资源电子政务基础平台中GIS与工作流的集成为实例,研究了该电子政务平台中GIS的体系结构及GIS功能的划分,并从数据集成、用户权限角色集成、功能集成、用户界面集成等四个方面对国土资源电子政务平台实现图文的一体化。并在模型层次对GIS与工作流的集成进行了初步尝试。     

数字哈密地理信息公共服务平台设计与实现

以数字哈密地理信息公共服务平台建设为例,总结研究了地理信息公共服务平台设计和建设方案。通过信息提取、扩充、重组等整合处理建立适应信息时代要求的公共数据集,开发具备信息集成、浏览查询、统计分析、互联互通以及二次开发等功能的分布式服务系统,配置完善的软件、硬件和网络支撑环境,建成权威的地理信息公共平台,实现地理空间信息和其他专题信息的实时交换和共享,服务和推进政府及各部门的信息化建设。     

Natural Conversational Interfaces to Geospatial Databases

Natural (spoken) language, combined with gestures and other human modalities, provides a promising alternative for interacting with computers, but such benefit has not been explored for interactions with geographical information systems. This paper presents a conceptual framework for enabling conversational human‐GIS interactions. Conversations with a GIS are modeled as human‐computer collaborative activities within a task domain. We adopt a mental state view of collaboration and discourse and propose a plan‐based computational model for conversational grounding and dialogue generation. At the implementation level, our approach is to introduce a dialogue agent, GeoDialogue, between a user and a geographical information server. GeoDialogue actively recognizes user's information needs, reasons about detailed cartographic and database procedures, and acts cooperatively to assist user's problem solving. GeoDialogue serves as a semantic ‘bridge’ between the human language and the formal language that a GIS understands. The behavior of such dialogue‐assisted human‐GIS interfaces is illustrated through a scenario simulating a session of emergency response during a hurricane event.     

Modeling and Communicating the Conceptual Intent of Geo‐Analytical Tasks for Human‐GIS Interaction

One of the fundamental issues of geographical information science is to design GIS interfaces and functionalities in a way that is easy to understand, teach, and use. Unfortunately, current geographical information systems (including ArcGIS) remains very difficult to use as spatial analysis tools, because they organize and expose functionalities according to GIS data structures and processing algorithms. As a result, GIS interfaces are conceptually confusing, cognitively complex, and semantically disconnected from the way human reason about spatial analytical activities. In this article, we propose an approach that structures GIS analytical functions based on the notion of “analytical intent”. We describe an experiment that replaces ArcGIS desktop interface with a conversational interface, to enable mixed‐initiative user‐system interactions at the level of analytical intentions. We initially focus on the subset of GIS functions that are relevant to “finding what's inside” as described by Mitchell, but the general principles apply to other types of spatial analysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of delegating some spatial thinking tasks to computational agents, and also raises future research questions that are key to building a better theory of spatial thinking with GIS.     

业务协同视角下基于GIS的“五规融合”平台

以建立统一空间规划体系为目标,近年来全国各地相继开展了多规融合探索。要从根本上解决多规融合问题,核心是要解决多规涉及部门间的业务协同。本文基于业务协同研究,结合珠海市实际,探索提出了“五规融合”数据共享、规划编制协同、项目策划生成等业务协同机制,并以GIS技术为基础,对“五规融合”平台建设的设计思路与功能实现进行了探讨。     

三维城市模型的研究与实践(英文)

The way we interact with spatial data has been changed from 2D map to 3D Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE). Three-dimensional representations of geographic information on a computer are known as VGE, and in particular 3D city models provide an efficient way to integrate massive, heterogenous geospatial information and georeferenced information in urban areas. 3D city modeling (3DCM) is an active research and practice topic in distinct application areas. This paper introduces different modeling paradigms employed in 3D GIS, virtual environment, and AEC/FM. Up-to-date 3DCM technologies are evolving into a data integration and collaborative approach to represent the full spatial coverage of a city, to model both aboveground and underground, outdoor and indoor environments including man-made objects and natural features with 3D geometry, appearance, topology and semantics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40871212, No. 40671158), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Educational Committee( No.J50104).     

Construction of a virtual lunar environment platform

Abstract

Many of the world's powerful and wealthy nations, including China, have devoted both large amounts of funding and considerable promotion to lunar research and exploration. The launch of Chinese Chang'e-1 satellite and the construction of the scientific observation data platform created a favourable opportunity for research into the lunar geometrical, physical and chemical environment. Based on this background, a Wide Area Network (WAN) based virtual lunar environment was constructed for observation data sharing and further exploration. The systematic architecture and framework were introduced and then strategies of mass data (e.g. lunar digital elevation model, lunar digital orthophoto map and typical thematic lunar data) organisation, integration, management and scheduling were then set up to achieve the 3D visualisation of typical lunar geomorphic features. Furthermore, the integration method of 3D lunar data and the process model of impact craters were studied; thus, the whole lunar and celestial collision process could be dynamically simulated. The results indicate that the WAN-based virtual lunar platform can be used effectively for public information sharing, scientific exploration and further to promote the development of deep space exploration in China.     

基于GIS的虚拟景观平台设计与实现

针对传统地理信息系统技术体系的局限,提出了集成地理信息系统、虚拟现实技术,以"图、文、数、声"一体化形式,向公众直观、形象、简洁、有趣地呈现了景观真实环境、多种交互方式和身临其境的用户体验,实现了动态3D场景展示和人机互动的虚拟景观平台,提升了地理信息系统的应用服务水平。研究结果为虚拟景观建设提供了可借鉴的技术手段,促进了地理信息技术和虚拟现实技术的结合。     

基于楼盘表和户型图的分层分户模型建设

随着智慧城市建设的不断升级,城市管理向精细化和智能化方向快速发展.分层分户模型可以承载更复杂、更立体、更详细、更精确的信息,以供全面综合管理、大数据分析和应急指挥使用.本文以"数字郑州三维地理信息及应用服务系统"项目建设实际情况为背景,探索和实现了在SuperMap GIS平台环境下,基于楼盘表提供的层户信息与户型图提供的分户信息,通过数字线划图进行建筑底面定位,利用地名地址将楼盘表和户型图与数字线划图进行关联挂接,并根据LiDAR点云数据的高度信息,快速自动化地建设郑州市800 km2内所有建筑物的分层分户模型的技术方法.进一步探索了通过模型成果与房管信息和公安户籍信息挂接,建立"以图管房、以房管人"的新管理模式,有效提升了政府管理和决策水平.本文提出的方法技术路线先进,实操性强,具有重要的应用推广价值.     

基于Cesium的铁路线路三维场景空间信息服务

随着我国铁路信息化建设的不断推进,三维GIS和网络GIS在铁路领域中的应用逐渐深化。本文针对铁路线路三维场景空间信息服务,提出了基于三维开源引擎Cesium的铁路线路三维场景构建及网络应用方法,对Cesium架构与网络服务、线路三维地理环境构建、铁路工务基础设施工程组件三维模型构建进行了研究。为将铁路线路空间地理环境信息与铁路基础设施模型集成在Cesium三维引擎中,对铁路基础设施正向设计下的BIM模型进行了轻量化研究,实现了基于Cesium的网络化、跨平台、分布式铁路线路三维空间信息三维场景漫游、数据共享与功能服务。     

MDA在农业GIS应用系统构建中的应用研究

随着GIS在农业领域应用的不断深入,农业GIS应用系统的开发也朝着具体、复杂和专业化方向发展。针对目前农业GIS应用系统开发中存在的概念模型、数据模型、元数据标准不统一、数据库整合性差等不足,本文通过分析MDA架构体系及开发流程,结合软件复用思想和MDA方法,提出一种基于MDA的农业GIS应用系统开发构建方式,阐述了空间数据库模型建设等一些关键技术。结合实例,探讨了MDA方法在农业GIS应用系统构成过程中的可行性与优越性以及不足之处。     

省级数字测绘档案馆建设模式研究

随着测绘地理信息成果数据和档案数据的开发和应用,本文从数字测绘档案馆建设面临的问题,针对数字测绘档案馆的总体架构,从标准的制定、数字资源库的建设、应用系统开发应用、基础硬件环境建设四个方面着手,阐述了对数字测绘档案馆建设模式的若干思考,为省级数字测绘档案馆的建设提供参考。