Using white mica 40Ar/39Ar data as a tracer for fluid flow and permeability under high‐P conditions: Tauern Window,Eastern Alps

New single‐grain‐fusion muscovite and paragonite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data from eclogite and blueschist units exposed in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps yield a range of apparent ages from 90 to 23 Ma. These apparent ages are generally older than expected for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar cooling ages, given constraints from other geochronological systems such as Rb–Sr and U–Pb. Numerical Ar‐in‐muscovite diffusion models for Tauern Window nappe P–T paths in an open system suggest that ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages should lie between 29 and 24 Ma, and that they should constrain cooling and decompression following the post‐high pressure Barrovian overprint. The measured ranges of apparent ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates suggest that the assumption of open system behaviour is not valid for this region. The local and/or regional generation of fluid during exhumation promoted pervasive recrystallization of high pressure lithologies throughout the Tauern Window to greenschist and amphibolite facies assemblages. The old apparent ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica dates in all lithologies are therefore interpreted as being due to inefficient removal of grain boundary Ar by the grain boundary fluids during the Barrovian overprint, due to high Ar concentrations or limited connectivity or both. This caused spatially (mm‐scale) and temporally variable fluxes of Ar out of, and probably into, white mica in both metasedimentary and metabasic lithologies.     

The relation between grain size and Ar/Ar date for Alpine white mica from the Siviez-Mischabel Nappe, Switzerland

Variations in Alpine white mica ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates from the cover units of the Siviez-Mischabel Nappe relate to regional variations in the thermal history of the nappe. We focus on three regions within the nappe: the central Siviez-Mischabel (CSM), the southern Siviez-Mischabel (SSM), and the eastern Siviez-Mischabel (ESM). Our approach weaves together observations of quartz and mica textures in thin section, the variation of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar date with grain size, considerations of the effective diffusion dimension (EDD) of argon in white mica, and a comparison of dates with diffusion model results. In the CSM, pressure solution of quartz and dislocation glide in mica accommodated Alpine deformation. Dates record mica growth during nappe emplacement from 40 to 36 Ma and do not vary with grain size. In the SSM and ESM, both mica and quartz show textures associated with dynamic recrystallization, and dates decrease with grain size. In the SSM, dates also agree with the timing of nappe emplacement, but in the ESM, dates significantly post-date the timing of nappe emplacement. A comparison of dates with diffusion model results supports inferences from rock fabrics that the SSM experienced higher peak temperatures than the CSM, even though dates from both units approximate the timing of mica growth. Dates obtained from the ESM, however, do not compare well with simple models, and the thermal evolution of this region of the nappe, in the neighborhood of the Simplon Fault Zone, is not well understood.     

氯对40Ar-39Ar定年的制约及数据处理

核反应³⁵Cl(n,γ)³⁶Cl和³⁷Cl(n,γ)³⁸Cl的最终产物³⁶Ar和³⁸Ar,对⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年影响不可忽视,尤其是在测定某些含K量低的沉积成因矿物时更为重要。本文介绍含Cl样品的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年技术及全部数据处理步骤,以及ppm级K、Ca、Cl含量的测定及计算方法。     

迁安紫苏花岗岩的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱

对采自河北省迁安县水厂地区的紫苏花岗岩中的黑云母和紫苏辉石进行了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄测定,分别给出了18.7亿年和19.6亿年的~(40)Ar保存年龄。这两种矿物的年龄谱的视年龄的梯度变化表明,紫苏花岗岩形成后是缓慢冷却的。3.9亿年左右的一次热事件,造成了放射成因~(40)Ar的丢失。根据热历史和封闭温度的研究,从27亿年(侵入到该区紫花岗岩中的花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄)到19.6亿年,紫苏花岗岩岩体的抬升速率为6.5m/Ma,但从19.6亿年到18.7亿年,其抬升速率高达111m/Ma,具有明显的构造抬升作用。     

Amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism of the Zhujiachong eclogite,SE Dabieshan: 40Ar/39Ar age constraints from argon extraction using UV‐laser microprobe,in vacuo crushing and stepwise heating

The Zhujiachong eclogite in the south‐eastern Dabieshan ultra‐high‐P terrane has been overprinted during retrograde metamorphism, with the development of garnet‐amphibolite mineral assemblages in most rocks in the outcrop. This study is focused on providing age constraints for the retrograde amphibolite facies and greenschist facies mineralogy by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. By applying a novel approach of combining three different techniques for extracting argon: laser stepwise heating of single grains and small separates, a spot fusion technique by UV‐laser ablation microprobe on polished sections and an in vacuo crushing technique for liberating radiogenic argon from fluid inclusions, it is demonstrated that an internally consistent thermal history can be derived. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages indicate that phengite formed before 265 Ma, probably during the ultra‐high‐P event. Ages associated with amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism range from 242 to 217 Ma by the analyses of amphibole. Ages of c. 230 Ma were found for the symplectite matrix that formed during retrogression from eclogite pyroxene. Late stage hydrothermal activity leading to the formation of coarse‐grained paragonite and fluid inclusions in vein amphibole was dated at c. 200 Ma. These age results agree well with the mineral crystallization sequence observed from thin‐sections of the retrograded eclogite: phengite → paragonite and amphibole in matrix → amphibole in the corona.     

云南个旧锡铜多金属矿区云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义

云南个旧是全球最大的锡铜多金属矿区,主要成矿作用是与燕山期花岗岩密切相关的岩浆-热液体系。矿区内铜矿的主要矿床类型为变玄武岩型层状铜矿和接触带型铜矿。赋存于花岗岩体的凹陷部位,接触带型铜矿体和氧化型矿体的精确年龄尚未有报道。以老厂矿田内与铜矿体同期的等粒花岗岩脉中的黑云母和与氧化矿同时形成的白云母作为研究对象,利用常规~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素定年方法,获得了黑云母和白云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄分别为82.47±0.49Ma和76.17±0.42Ma,相应的正等时线年龄为82.38±0.48Ma和76.07±0.66Ma,反等时线年龄为82.38±0.49Ma和76.07±0.73Ma。结合野外地质接触关系和矿区内其他年代学结果认为,黑云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄82.38±0.48Ma可以代表接触带型铜矿体的形成年龄,也揭示了新山花岗岩体形成后的快速冷却作用过程;白云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄76.07±0.73Ma指示了氧化型矿体的形成年龄,也记录了矿区内与甲介山同期的南北向断裂的晚期活动时限。该年龄与个旧锡铜多金属矿床的成矿时代一致。     

二道沟矿床绢云母的^39Ar／^40Ar年龄及其地质意义

本文通过对绢云母39Ar－40Ar坪年龄的研究，得到二道沟金矿床的成矿年龄为140±2．8Ma；从年代学方面证实了金矿化与对面沟花岗闪长岩无直接关系，而与火山岩和次火山岩有密切的关系；该矿床是－岩浆热液为主要来源而混入有一部分大气降水的浅成低温热液型金矿床。     

Exhumation, doming and slab retreat in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain): in situ40Ar/39Ar ages and P–T–d–t paths for the Nevado-Filabride complex

The combination of metamorphic petrology tools and in situ laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on phengite (linking time of growth, compositions and P–T conditions) enables us to identify a detailed P–T–d–t path for the still debated tectonometamorphic evolution of the Nevado‐Filabride complex and infer new geodynamic‐scale constraints. Our data show an isothermal decompression (at 550 °C) from 20 kbar for the Bédar‐Macael unit and 14 kbar for the Calar Alto unit down to c. 3–4 kbar for both units at 2.8 mm year^?1. At 22–18 Ma, this first part of the exhumation is followed by a final exhumation at 0.6 mm year^?1 along a high‐temperature low‐pressure (HTLP) gradient of c. 60 °C km^?1. The age of the peak of pressure is not precisely known but it is shown that it is around 30 Ma and possibly older, which is at variance with recent models suggesting a younger age for high‐pressure (HP) metamorphism. Most of the exhumation is related to late‐orogenic extension from c. 30 to 22–18 Ma. Thus the formation of the main ductile extensional shear zone, the Filabres Shear Zone (FSZ), occurred at 22–18 Ma and is clearly associated with a top‐to‐the‐west shear sense once the FSZ is well localized. The transition from ductile to brittle then occurred at c. 14 Ma. The final exhumation, accommodated by brittle deformation, occurred from c. 14 to 9 Ma and was accompanied, from 12 to 8 Ma, by the formation of nearby extensional basins. The duration of the extensional process is c. 20 Myr which argues in favour of a progressive slab retreat from c. 30 to 9 Ma. The change in the shape of the P–T path at 22–18 Ma together with strain localization along the main top‐to‐the‐west shear zone suggests that this date corresponds to a change in the direction of slab retreat from southwards to westwards.     

豫西小秦岭金矿区的一组^40Ar／^39Ar定年数据

本文提供了一组小秦岭金矿区的＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ定年数据。根据地质体的形成温度和被测定矿物封闭温度之间的关系,讨论了各个年龄的地质含义。认为东闯钾长花岗岩墙和文峪二长花岗岩体分别形成于印支期和燕山早期,主要金矿化发生在文峪二长花岗岩体已固结之后（１３２Ｍａ）,自１．３Ｇａ以来,本区遭受过的区域性热事件温度不会超过３５０℃。     

北秦岭二郎坪岩群~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄特征及其地质意义

对来自二郎坪岩群的白云母、角闪石用阶段升温法进行了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱研究,结合二郎坪岩群地质特征,认为白云母近似直线年龄港的评年龄（111．2Ma）及角闪石稳定评年龄（121．5Ma）代表了二郎坪岩群最后一次热事件的时代;角闪石与白云母封闭温度的不同以及角门石的成分与结构环带导致二者坪年龄的差异,二郎坪岩群在121．5～111．2Ma曾发生区域变质作用,整个秦岭造山带在此期间仍处于构造活动期。     

根据40Ar/39Ar年龄谱探讨陨石冲击事件的分期

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄谱是研究陨石冲击事件的重要资料。根据对55块陨石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar冲击年龄和陨石暴露年龄的分析,发现陨石的冲击年龄与陨石类型之间存在对应关系。据此,将陨石冲击事件划分为九期。其中3900-4000Ma、470-540Ma和小于65Ma是陨石母体的三个重要演化阶段。阶段Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ(冲击年龄大于30亿年)主要涉及高钙型无球粒陨石。所有球粒陨石的冲击年龄均小于30亿年。陨石暴露年龄因类型而异,铁陨石最大,石铁陨石次之,石陨石最小。     

地幔包体金云母40Ar/39Ar年龄对玄武岩浆喷发结束时间的约束

山东临朐-昌乐地区新生代岩浆活动强烈,以形成含大量地幔包体的玄武岩为特征.作者在考察与研究昌乐北岩古火山口玄武岩中地幔包体的过程中,发现一些包体中发育有地幔钾交代成因的金云母细脉.鉴于金云母的封闭温度远低于玄武岩浆喷发时的温度以及金云母可以记录喷发的玄武岩浆冷却通过金云母封闭温度的时间,本文尝试通过金云母所记录的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄来推断玄武岩浆喷溢的结束时间.该火山口玄武岩不同部位的三个地幔岩包体其金云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄分别为18.42±0.21Ma、18.65±0.27Ma和18.39±0.36Ma,年龄结果具有很好的一致性,充分说明了该定年手段的有效性.因此可以确定该火山口玄武岩浆喷溢活动约在18.5Ma前结束.由此推测山旺盆地中不整合发育在源于该火山口喷溢的玄武岩之上的化石群的形成时代下限约为18.5Ma.用玄武岩地幔包体金云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄来确定玄武岩年龄是玄武岩定年一个有效的新方法.     

Investigating mid‐Ediacaran glaciation and final Gondwana amalgamation using coupled sedimentology and 40Ar/ 39Ar detrital muscovite provenance from the Paraguay Belt,Brazil

Understanding the evolution of the northern Paraguay Belt, Brazil, is critical in two current controversies: (i) the number, timing and significance of Ediacaran glaciations; and (ii) the timing of amalgamation of South American Gondwana. The Neoproterozoic Alto Paraguay Group forms much of the northern Paraguay Belt. The Serra Azul Formation, within this Group, contains unequivocal evidence for a glacial influence on sedimentation, including multi‐directional striations on sandstone clasts and striated, polished and bullet‐shaped mudstone clasts. However, the age of the Serra Azul Formation is not well‐constrained. The northern Paraguay Belt also formed after the traditionally accepted time for amalgamation of South American Gondwana. If the orogen represents closure of an ocean, then this traditional view is incorrect. A significant number of single grain ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar detrital muscovite cooling ages (ca 120) from the Alto Paraguay Group are presented. The three youngest grains from the Serra Azul Formation yield a weighted mean age of 640 ± 15 Myr, providing a robust maximum depositional age for this formation. This age, when considered with other data, suggests that the Serra Azul Formation developed in a mid‐Ediacaran glaciation consistent with that expressed in the Gaskiers Formation of Newfoundland, Canada. Cryogenian ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar detrital muscovite ages from the Alto Paraguay Group are hard to reconcile with the known geology of Amazonia and are interpreted as being sourced from the evolving orogen to the east – from an arc terrane, possibly the Goiás–Paranapanema Massif. Detrital muscovites in the upper part of the Alto Paraguay Group are as young as 544 ± 7 Myr, consistent with mounting evidence that indicates a Cambrian age for orogenesis within the Paraguay Belt during the final amalgamation of Gondwana. This article suggests that the data best support a model where ocean closure in the region continued until Ediacaran/Cambrian times, with final ocean closure represented by orogenesis in the Paraguay–Araguaia orogen.     

Neotethys closure history of Anatolia: insights from 40Ar–39Ar geochronology and P–T estimation in high‐pressure metasedimentary rocks

The multiple high‐pressure (HP), low‐temperature (LT) metamorphic units of Western and Central Anatolia offer a great opportunity to investigate the subduction‐ and continental accretion‐related evolution of the eastern limb of the long‐lived Aegean subduction system. Recent reports of the HP–LT index mineral Fe‐Mg‐carpholite in three metasedimentary units of the Gondwana‐derived Anatolide–Tauride continental block (namely the Afyon Zone, the Ören Unit and the southern Menderes Massif) suggest a more complicated scenario than the single‐continental accretion model generally put forward in previous studies. This study presents the first isotopic dates (white mica ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar geochronology), and where possible are combined with P–T estimates (chlorite thermometry, phengite barometry, multi‐equilibrium thermobarometry), on carpholite‐bearing rocks from these three HP–LT metasedimentary units. It is shown that, in the Afyon Zone, carpholite‐bearing assemblages were retrogressed through greenschist‐facies conditions at c. 67–62 Ma. Early retrograde stages in the Ören Unit are dated to 63–59 Ma. In the Kurudere–Nebiler Unit (HP Mesozoic cover of the southern Menderes Massif), HP retrograde stages are dated to c. 45 Ma, and post‐collisional cooling to c. 26 Ma. These new results support that the Ören Unit represents the westernmost continuation of the Afyon Zone, whereas the Kurudere–Nebiler Unit correlates with the Cycladic Blueschist Unit of the Aegean Domain. In Western Anatolia, three successive HP–LT metamorphic belts thus formed: the northernmost Tav?anl? Zone (c. 88–82 Ma), the Ören–Afyon Zone (between 70 and 65 Ma), and the Kurudere–Nebiler Unit (c. 52–45 Ma). The southward younging trend of the HP–LT metamorphism from the upper and internal to the deeper and more external structural units, as in the Aegean Domain, points to the persistence of subduction in Western Anatolia between 93–90 and c. 35 Ma. After the accretion of the Menderes–Tauride terrane, in Eocene times, subduction stopped, leading to continental collision and associated Barrovian‐type metamorphism. Because, by contrast, the Aegean subduction did remain active due to slab roll‐back and trench migration, the eastern limb (below Southwestern Anatolia) of the Hellenic slab was dramatically curved and consequently teared. It therefore is suggested that the possibility for subduction to continue after the accretion of buoyant (e.g. continental) terranes probably depends much on palaeogeography.     

^40Ar／^39Ar定年中干扰同位素的质谱校正与低温分离技术

将光谱纯的CaF_2和优级纯的K_2SO_4同样品一起在反应堆中照射,用MM-1200质谱计分别对其熔融释放的气体进行测定,得到干扰同位素校正因子: C_2=(~(36)Ar/~(37)Ar)_(Ca)=(2.40±0.24)×10~(-4) C_4=(~(39)Ar/~(37)Ar)_(Ca)=(8.06±0.10)×10~(-4) C_3=(~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar)_K=(3.18～6.86)×10~(-3) 将被照射过的含Cl样品释放的Ar和Cl混合气体,通入被冷却到-90℃的弯管,Cl被冷     

黑龙江省鸡西盆地基性岩40Ar/39Ar同位素定年及其地质意义

黑龙江省鸡西盆地张新地区辉绿玢岩呈岩床状侵入晚中生代城子河组地层中;辉绿玢岩较纯净,无捕虏体,呈斑状结构,斑晶由普通辉石、斜长石组成,斑晶体积分数为35%～40%;基质由微晶斜长石、辉石、磁铁矿及玻璃质组成。辉绿玢岩⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素定年结果表明,其等时线年龄与坪年龄在误差范围内较为接近,该辉绿玢岩的形成时代介于96～101 Ma,即形成于早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期的Albian-Cenomanian阶。结合区域上该期岩浆事件的特点,暗示早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世时期鸡西盆地处于古太平洋板块(Izanagi-Kula 板块 )向东亚大陆边缘斜向俯冲背景之下的弧后伸展环境。     

应用~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年技术研究清原花岗岩-绿岩地体的形成时代

辽宁清原绿岩地层自下而上分为榆树底组、红透山组和南天门组。小莱河铁矿区榆树底组斜长角闪岩岩石化学性质和稀土元素分布曲线表明,该岩石的原岩属太古代亏损型(DAT)拉斑玄武岩。此斜长角闪岩中的角闪石的两个~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱给出该岩石的变质作用发生在29.9亿年。清原绿岩地层形成时代可能在30亿年或稍早一些。全球范围绿岩地层的年龄是35—19亿年,峰值是27亿年.清原绿岩地层的早期形成年龄则大于全球绿岩的峰值年龄。     

青藏高原北缘中生代伸展构造^40Ar／^39Ar测年和MDD模拟

沿着青藏高原北缘的阿尔金山脉东段 ,发育了长度大于 30 0km、EW走向的拉配泉断裂。中美合作阿尔金课题组的地质填图结果表明 ,该断层实际上是一条南倾的正断层 ,局部倾角可以低至 30°以下。沉积学和热年代学研究控制了拉配泉断裂的活动时代 :早—中侏罗统地层可以解释为断裂上盘的伸展盆地沉积 ;下盘岩石中钾长石40 Ar/ 3 9Ar测年和MDD模拟给出 2个阶段的冷却事件 ,早期事件出现在约 2 2 0～ 187Ma之间 ,晚期事件出现在早白垩世晚期 (约 10 0Ma)。早期事件代表了拉配泉断裂正断作     

Simultaneous horst-basin formation and magmatism during Late Variscan transtension: evidence from 40Ar/39Ar and 207Pb/206Pb geochronology in the Ruhla Crystalline Complex

40 Ar/³⁹Ar–mica and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb–zircon dates are presented and combined with existing P–T data and the sedimentary record. These data indicate that the RCC was faulted into three segments which underwent different exhumation histories during the Late Carboniferous/Early Permian. The eastern segment shows ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar–biotite data of336 ±4 and 323±3 Ma. Furthermore, it is intruded by the Thuringian Hauptgranite dated at 337±4 Ma by the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb single zircon method. At approximately 300 Ma rocks of the eastern segment were finally exposed and, subsequently, subsided as part of the Oberhof pull-apart basin, filled by Late Carboniferous/Early Permian molasse sediments and volcanic rocks (296–285 Ma; Goll 1996). A similar Late Carboniferous evolution is inferred for the western segment, since it is also overlain by Upper Carboniferous volcanic rocks. In contrast to the eastern and western segments, distinctly younger intrusion and cooling ages were recorded for the central segment of the RCC (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar muscovite: 311±3 Ma; ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite: 293–288±3 Ma) that was intruded by the Trusetal Granite, the Ruhla Granite and Brotterode Diorite (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb single zircon: 298±2, 295±3, 289±4 Ma, respectively). These young data are unique in the MGCR and testify that plutonic activity and cooling of basement rocks took place simultaneously with basin formation and volcanism in the eastern and western segments. Overlying Upper Permian (Zechstein) and Triassic sediments indicate final exposure of the central segment by approximately 260 Ma, as a part of the Ruhla-Schleusingen Horst. Combination of these results with P–T data from the contact aureole of the Trusetal granite indicate that the central segment was unroofed by at least 8.5 km during the Late Carboniferous. The Late Carboniferous/Early Permian horst-basin formation, documented in the RCC, is due to dextral transtensional movements along the NW-trending Franconian fault system. It may have been enhanced by mantle upwelling widespread in Central Europe during the Early Permian that also caused intensive magmatism in the Thuringian Forest region. Received: 2 February 1999 / Accepted: 15 November 1999     

锆石La-ICP-MS U-Pb与白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学及其对中国东南部早燕山事件的制约

起始于中、晚侏罗世之交的燕山运动使中国东南部上三叠统至中侏罗统发生强烈的褶皱和逆冲变形,形成北北东向构造带,并诱发广泛的深熔作用和岩浆活动。迄今为止,对该事件的形成时代尚缺乏精确的年代学制约。基于武夷山地区的野外调查,选取挤压活动前形成的正长岩和挤压过程中形成的片麻状花岗岩进行锆石La-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,并对逆冲剪切过程中形成的云母片岩进行40Ar/39Ar年代学测试分析,结合区域上后构造期的伸展型花岗岩对早燕山事件的形成时代进行制约。结果表明,形成于伸展构造背景的福建政和县铁山正长岩,其结晶年龄为(169.3±1.6)Ma,提供了早燕山事件的下限;形成于挤压环境的粤北平远县八尺片麻状花岗岩,其结晶年龄为(165.4±1.2)Ma,指示早燕山事件的主变形时代;同变形期的闽西长汀县濯田云母片岩,其40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(162±2)Ma,代表逆冲剪切的冷却年龄,可视作早燕山事件的上限。结合区域上侵入北北东向褶皱的花岗岩年龄,认为早燕山挤压事件发生在(165±4)Ma,其动力作用与古太平洋板块向中国东南大陆之下俯冲有关。