Quitovac Oasis: A Sense of Home Place and the Development of Water Resources

Agricultural development at Quitovac, a Sonoran Desert oasis that is an ancestral home of the Tohono O’odham people, was first interpreted in the literature as a typical example of an indigenous community succumbing to the economic pressures of industrial society. However, a humanistic analysis of the cultural and historical context and the results of ethnographic fieldwork leads to a radically different interpretation of recent community actions. Community-initiated institutional and economic changes can be understood as creative and resilient adaptations, and perhaps a resolution, to a complex social and religious challenge to the community’s identity. Notwithstanding the economic failure of part of the development efforts, the overall effects are interpreted as strengthening the residents’ sense of their home place and ensuring the continuation of religious rites associated with this sacred place.     

非洲裔移民在穗宗教场所地方感特征及其形成机制——基于广州石室圣心大教堂的实证研究

宗教地理是文化地理重要的研究内容之一,但在中国相关实证研究仍不多见。结合半结构问卷调查和访谈,对广州石室圣心大教堂的非洲裔移民宗教场所地方感特征及其形成机理进行探讨。研究发现：非洲裔移民宗教场所地方依恋和地方认同发展快于地方依赖;非裔移民较强的圣地地方依恋同时存在较强的空间可替代性,但又由于区位等因素存在宗教功能之外的非可替代性;圣地地方依赖则因被宗教教义视为功利性而被掩盖。回归分析表明,社交和场所互动时间是指示地方感的最显著指标。随着非粤宗教文化的融合发展,宏观政治环境以及语言文化隔离等外生因素正对宗教地方感的提高产生重要影响。     

Religion and technology: refiguring place, space, identity and community

This paper reviews the literature on the religion–technology nexus, drawing up a research agenda and offering preliminary empirical insights. First, I stress the need to explore the new politics of space as a consequence of technological development, emphasizing questions about the role of religion in effecting a form of religious (neo)imperialism, and uneven access to techno-religious spaces. Second, I highlight the need to examine the politics of identity and community, since cyberspace is not an isotropic surface. Third, I underscore the need to engage with questions about the poetics of religious community as social relations become mediated by technology. Finally, I focus on questions about the poetics of place, particularly the technological mediation of rituals.     

拉萨古城居民地方依恋及其影响因素研究

以拉萨为案例,对古城区居民地方依恋及其影响因素进行解读。研究发现:居民地方依恋水平整体较高,居民对古城的情感性依恋要大于功能性依恋;但由于依赖类型、居住时间、文化背景、宗教信仰以及"家"的归属感不同,原住居民的地方依恋水平要高于非原住居民;从地方因素来看,宗教信仰、环境状况、活动参与和社交关系是影响居民地方依恋的关键因素,原住居民排在第一位的影响因素是环境状况,而非原住居民排在第一位的则是宗教信仰,这为提升拉萨古城居民地方依恋水平提供了科学依据。     

Mrs Gardner's world: scale in Mormon women's autobiographical writing

This study of daily experiences of scale focuses on activity patterns recorded in the journal of a Mormon woman living in Pine Valley, Utah c.1890–1920. The household as 'private' domestic space was weakly developed, and both the home and village were sites of community activity. Lofland's concept of 'parochial space' distinguishes the spaces used by one's social and kinship networks vs areas occupied by strangers. In Pine Valley's isolated situation, large-scale economic and political involvement appeared limited. More significant for Mormon women was a transcendent religious ideology that furnished simultaneity and integration of scales.     

本土产业发展视角下的乡村地方性重构——基于阳美玉器产业的文化经济地理分析

以广东揭阳的玉器生产专业村阳美村为例,从文化经济地理学视角解读本土产业发展中地方性的嵌入与重构。研究发现:本土产业在地方性多方要素的驱动与支撑下产生,在多重尺度政治经济过程作用与地方主体的响应下发展。地方性是本土产业产生并建立对外功能联系的初始条件,也是主体响应结构变动所做战略选择和地方营销的依托。在地方性嵌入产业发展的同时,生产、生活和宗教等地方活动被强化了与玉器生产相关的功能和意义,民居、街巷、宗祠等空间形制因传统功能被挤压而出现重塑。地方活动与景观的变化并未弱化地方意义,村民的地方依赖和依恋因本土产业提供了更好的发展机会与荣誉感而增强。     

Home matters: The role of home in property enactment on Norwegian smallholdings

The article argues that geographies of home add important perspectives for analysing property enactment on Norwegian smallholdings. Characteristics of smallholdings as homes are described, and it is demonstrated that ‘home matters’ in terms of how property owners’ senses of home affect how properties become enacted. In conformity with recent theories in legal geography, the article demonstrates that these socio-spatial relationships conflict with the dominant ownership model which permeates public policy initiatives. The ownership model assumes a single owner motivated by self-regarding behaviour and maximising economic benefits. The article, however, reveals a deep sense of home and place attachment relating to Norwegian smallholdings, and this influences how smallholdings as properties become enacted, and thus, how legal instruments aiming at affecting people's behaviour are responded to. The article draws upon empirical research conducted among current and former owners of smallholdings in four Norwegian local authority districts.     

基于地方感视角的乡村居民旅游影响感知研究——以安徽省天堂寨为例

社区居民是影响旅游目的地发展的核心要素。随着社区居民越来越被整合到乡村旅游的整体发展之中, 研究目的地居民的旅游影响感知将具有重要意义。地方感反映了人与地方的特殊情感联系, 对于深入理解居民旅游影响感知提供了全新的研究视角。本文以地方感作为理论切入点, 以发展期望作为中介变量, 构建了“地方感-发展期望-影响感知”理论模型, 并以安徽省天堂寨作为实证案例。结果表明, 地方感较强的居民对乡村旅游发展赋予更高的期望, 对旅游影响感知的能力更强。发展期望在地方感对居民旅游影响感知的影响机制中具有积极的中介作用。社区旅游发展的总体程度是影响居民感知和态度的重要因素。本研究为处于旅游生命周期发展阶段的旅游目的地的规划发展提供指导性建议。     

遗产旅游地居民的地方认同——“碉乡”符号、记忆与空间

文化地理学者对“地方”这一理论视角主观性意义的强调,使得“地方认同”等呈现人与地方情感联系的概念被重新审视。在当今中国申遗热的背景下,当地人的地方认同在各方力量对遗产归属与表述的争夺中重塑,如果将这种重塑放在多尺度的分析框架下,就可以发现地方认同不仅仅局限于某一特定封闭的地点,在本土、全国以及跨国空间中呈现不同的表述。开平碉楼与村落作为广东首个世界文化遗产,并且是中国唯一以华侨文化为主题的世界文化遗产,是研究遗产生产对地方认同变迁影响的典型案例。结合文献分析、观察法与访谈法等,阐述遗产旅游发展背景下当地居民的地方认同变迁,分析开平作为“碉乡”的具体内涵。研究发现：遗产申报和维护使碉楼被硬性确立为地方的象征,具有高度符号化的特点;“碉乡”形象在居民地方认同中的展开并不完整;“碉乡”在历史延续中存在着多重割裂;“碉乡”的空间边界既明确又封闭。     

空间认同:城市空间研究转向中的知识前沿、趋势与启发

中国城市化进程的快速发展,促使人们不断解构、调整和重构对城市空间的认同,这是城市化发展中不容忽视的新问题。以Web of Science（WoS）为数据源,对国外城市空间认同研究进行了分析和知识再现。研究发现：① 城市空间认同是人们对城市发展中社会经济认同、文化认同、集体认同、身份认同与情感认同的集合。作为重要的国民意识,城市空间认同主题是国外学者关注的重要领域,对该领域研究的本质上是对城市空间实践中人文主义空间诉求的知识表征;② 在2008~2017年的国外城市空间认同研究中,美国、英国、澳大利亚等国家具有明显优势,国际合作研究网络主要在美洲-欧洲、欧洲-澳洲,以及澳洲-欧美之间;国外城市空间认同研究高被引文献注重对“空间多中心性”“地方与连续性”“城市社区”“城市公民身份”“空间绅士化”“地方主义”等方面的讨论。③ 未来研究更加倾向在“认同”“空间”“城市”“地理”“政治”“地方”,以及“社区”等新主题方面。相比较而言,国内对城市空间认同的研究较为欠缺,随着中国城市空间实践不断推向纵深阶段,需要强化城市空间认同研究的“理论自觉”。     

Enlivening development: Water management in post‐conflict Baucau city,Timor‐Leste

This paper explores how the state and others involved in the ‘development enterprise’ in Timor‐Leste are (mis)recognizing the potential of the existing environmental governance and exchange capacities of local customary institutions and practices in relation to water supply and management. Examining the problematic of water supply in a particular place‐based instance – more specifically, the intermesh of the customary, state and market sectors – it ponders how customary institutions might be better supported to extend their range of political and economic credibility and contribute to a reconfiguration of dominant community managed water supply models. Drawing out the workings of a ‘diverse economy’ where a customary economy is enmeshed with, and to some extent undermining, a weak capitalist sector, the paper argues that a failure to address issues of resource ownership and control and to engage the strengths and import of local customary institutions will have serious ramifications for the successful implementation of national development objectives in post‐conflict Baucau city and elsewhere in Timor‐Leste. Instead, it argues for an enlivened development approach wherein locally socialized landscapes are recognized as credible political sites with which ‘development’ can engage and power relations can shift.     

迁居意愿、地方依赖和社区认同——北京中关村地区居住选择调查分析

迁居行为及其意愿反映了城市居民对美好生活的向往,揭示了城市居住环境是否能够满足居民的需要。论文从迁居意愿的视角,将地方依赖和社区认同引入迁居研究中,并采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法来分析城市居民的居住选择。运用Williams量表,在292份调查问卷和52份深度访谈的基础上,对北京中关村地区展开了调查研究。结果表明：中关村周边社区居民对就业和子女教育具有明显的地方依赖和较高的社区认同感。在292名被调查者中,共有115名居民有迁居意愿,占被调查者总数的39.4%。其中,在就业和子女教育地方依赖程度较低的调查人群中,这一比例分别上升至47.2%和54.2%。此外,有迁居意愿的居民大多社区认同感不高,在115名有迁居意愿的居民中,仅有4人对所在社区具有强烈认同感。论文从地方感的角度丰富了居住空间的研究内容,为理解当代城市居住空间的特点、提升城市空间建设质量提供了参考依据。     

新世纪初期伊朗经济发展中的问题分析

进入新世纪以来,发展中的伊朗经济依然暴露出失业、基础薄弱、对外依赖严重、政府负担重、贫富差距大等问题。引起这些问题的原因来自伊朗国内外,涉及政治、宗教等诸多领域。只有改革宗教和政治体制,革新生产关系,调整经济结构,才能真正发展生产力,实现经济社会的和谐持续发展,使伊朗成为真正的地区大国、强国。     

Understanding Place as ‘Home’ and ‘Away’ through Practices of Bird-watching

Bird-watching is an increasingly popular leisure activity. Previous research has taken for granted the identity of people who watch birds, often categorised by their level of skilled practice as ‘dude’, ‘birder’ or ‘twitcher’. Feminist geographers encourage us to explore identity work as an outcome of the reciprocal relationships between practices and place. Our feminist approach illustrates that the practices of bird-watching are always much more than categorising birds as species. This paper illustrates how the practices of bird-watching are integral to the making and remaking of sense of place as ‘home’ and ‘away’, to sustain identities beyond accepted categories of ‘dude’, ‘birder’ and ‘twitcher’. The creation and application of different types of ‘bird-lists’ helps to explain the ways in which practices of bird-watching facilitate making sense of place as simultaneously ‘home’, ‘away’ and habitat, as well as the identity work of home-maker, citizen-scientist and tourist. Our insights into these leisure practices of bird-watching are drawn from analysis of data gathered from 21 people who actively bird-watch and reside on the South Coast, New South Wales, Australia by combining research methods of talking, walking, drawing and photography.     

‘Drought-proofing’ Regional Australia and the Rhetoric Surrounding Tillegra Dam,NSW

Water conservation, distribution and management are highly contested in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales. During the height of the Millennium drought calls from local politicians and community leaders alike suggested that there was a need to ‘drought-proof’ not only the Hunter region but also the Australian continent from recurring climatic events. In response to this, Hunter Water Corporation framed its long-term sustainable water policies around the proposed development of ‘Tillegra Dam’ as a means to ensure future water security for the region. Local residents, centred around the ‘No Tillegra Dam Group’, opposed the dam, pointing to its harmful effects and more sustainable demand-side options. Scientific studies also indicated that future droughts were unlikely to place stress on current water levels, thereby making the dam unnecessary. Hunter Water, however, co-opted the notion of ‘drought-proofing’ to argue for the continuation of large-scale infrastructure projects rather than pursue less costly, more sustainable options. As a result, arguments and discourses over the dam's construction became increasingly complex, involving environmental, economic and ethical issues that ultimately favoured local community perspectives. This paper examines how the different stakeholder arguments were framed and considers the important role that communities can play in altering decision making.     

Beyond “Guggenheiming”: From flagship buildings to flagship space in Sweden

Flagship buildings are promoted as a good strategy to stimulate economic development. Pushed by a range of actors, “best practice” examples are being copied from place to place around the globe. Flagship buildings are accompanied by a discourse of place branding that stresses a need for cities to improve their attractiveness. Drawing on this discourse and ongoing discussions on deterritorialization and reterritorialization in urban and economic geography, the author argues that there is an overly deterritorialized approach to flagship buildings in the place-branding literature. Using a conceptual framework inspired by the reterritorialization debate, she introduces the concept of “flagship space,” emphasizing a dualism in place branding encompassing both deterritorialized and territorial processes that in interplay create best-practice examples. The empirical analysis examines the development of five flagship hotels in Sweden. The author concludes that the five hotels have both created and are constantly reproducing their statuses as flagship developments. However, the creation and reproduction of status is not only upheld by the operators of the hotels but is also a joint effort of actors in the local community. Through these processes and practices the understanding of the hotels is broadened from merely being flagship buildings to creators of flagship space.     

国内外大城市体检与规划实施评估的比较研究

伦敦、纽约、东京等国外大城市建立了较为完备的规划实施评估体系,能够为完善中国城市体检评估制度提供参考。城市体检与规划实施评估是对城市发展中阶段性问题的响应,也是政策制定和制度安排的产物。城市体检评估已成为中国城市规划实施效果评价的新模式以及进行规划动态维护的重要依据。受社会体制、历史文化等因素影响,国内外大城市形成了差异化的“实施前协商-数据采集-分析论证-问题诊断-实施后反馈”评估框架。从评估指标体系来看,中国城市体检评估指标以宏观经济社会指标为主,伦敦等国外大城市还会对新建项目、新增设施情况进行动态监测。从评估方法来看,大数据与智能化数字平台的发展有力增强了评估的精准度和科学性,国外大城市在社区微观层面评估和多元主体参与协作方面进行了较多探索。基于此,提出以下优化中国城市体检评估体系的对策建议,包括动态优化指标体系、挖掘利用多源城市数据、加强多层级评估的协调、完善常态化保障机制。     

自我叙事式解读回族宗教活动空间的意义

基于主位研究视角,以作者自我叙事的方式,对回族宗教活动空间的存在主义意涵进行了主体意向性解读,完整自叙和沉浸思考后作者认为,回族宗教活动空间存在以下特征：① 回族宗教活动空间的核心构成为家、清真寺和坟园;② 家、清真寺和坟园对回族宗教信仰者而言,不是单一的物理空间,而是具有特殊意义的宗教“地方”;③ 说明了回族宗教活动空间具有地方到无地方的转化特征,无地方转换的地方指向是清真寺;④ “接都哇”这一宗教仪式和宗教行为构建了回族宗教活动空间从空间到地方,从地方到无地方转换的桥梁。该分析过程与结论说明了回族宗教活动空间具有从地方的物质宗教空间结构到无地方的精神宗教空间结构的递进转换特征。     

基于Tripadvisor 的中国旅游地国际关注度及空间格局

用户贡献内容(UGC)已逐渐成为旅游行为与感知研究的重要数据源.区别于通常利用搜索引擎关键词数量描述网络关注度的方法,本文引入电子社区层次结构为权重因子,建立了基于社区UGC的旅游关注度模型,能够灵活调节模型表达的重点,优化计算结果.针对著名旅游电子社区Tripadvisor 的研究发现,国外社区用户对中国旅游的关注呈现3 个典型特征:①旅游关注集中在“长城、泰山、黄山、九寨沟、张家界”等少数旅游吸引物,和“北京、香港、上海、桂林”少量目的地城市;大量吸引物和目的地关注度较低,呈现“长尾现象”与极化特征.②吸引物与目的地城市的关注空间具有明显耦合性,关注度较高的吸引物多邻近或隶属于关注度较高的城市,如桂林阳朔、北京长城、成都都江堰和九寨沟、杭州西湖等.③旅游关注空间整体呈现出由高到低的“东—中—西”格局,与中国区域经济的“东—中—西”梯度格局基本耦合;北京、香港、广州、深圳、上海、成都等关注中心也与区域经济中心一致.旅游资源禀赋、电子口碑传播模式、地理区位、经济水平和关注者国家的文化背景、经济发展状况、地理区位等是影响旅游者关注度及其空间格局变化的主要因素.旅游关注度模型旨在解决互联网用户对区域旅游关注的定量计算问题,为基于互联网UGC的旅游地理学研究提供新思路.