滑坡监测仪器野外安装与保护方法

我国国土地形地貌错综复杂,地质灾害分布广,是世界上滑坡等地质灾害多发的国家之一。滑坡、泥石流是对人类危害较大的自然灾害类型。因此对滑坡灾害的发生进行实时有效监测,对于防灾减灾十分重要。滑坡监测仪多安装在无人或少人居住的山体上,且因目前国内民众对地质灾害监测意义认识上的不足,容易造成破坏。结合丹巴县甲居滑坡及石棉前进一组滑坡的监测工程,总结了滑坡监测仪野外安装及保护方面的经验。     

Infrasound produced by debris flow: propagation and frequency content evolution

Rapid mass movements such as avalanches, debris flows, and rock fall are periodic or episodic phenomena that occur in alpine regions. Recent studies have shown that debris flows generate characteristic signals in the low-frequency infrasonic spectrum (4–15 Hz). Infrasound can travel thousands of kilometers and can still be detectable. This characteristic provides a basis for the development of wide area automated monitoring systems that can operate in locations unaffected by the activity of the process. This study focuses on the infrasound vibrations produced by a debris flow at the Lattenbach torrent, Tyrol (Austria), and by two events at the Illgraben torrent, Canton of Valais (Switzerland). The Lattenbach torrent is a very active torrent, which is located in the west of Tyrol in a geologic fault zone between the Silvrettakristallin and the Northern Limestone Alps. It has a large supply of loose sediment. The Illgraben torrent, which is well known for its frequent sediment transport and debris flow activity, has been equipped with instruments for debris flow monitoring since the year 2000. This study shows that debris flow emits low-frequency infrasonic signals that can be monitored and correlated with seismic signals. During the passage of the debris flow, several surges were identified by ultrasonic gauges and detected in the time series and the running spectra of infrasonic data.     

A new total volume model of debris flows with intermittent surges: based on the observations at Jiangjia Valley,southwest China

Debris flow with intermittent surges is a major natural hazard. Accurate estimation of the total volume of debris flow is a challenge for academic researchers and engineering practitioners. This paper has proposed a new model for the total volume estimation based on 15 years of observations in Jiangjia Valley, China, from 1987 to 2004. The model uses two input variables: debris flow moving time and average surge peak discharge. The Weibull distribution formula is adopted to describe the relationship between the debris flow surge peak discharge and its relative frequency. By integrating the Weibull function and two-point curve fitting, the relationship between the maximum discharge and average surge peak discharge can be established. The total debris flow volume is linked with the debris flow moving time and the average peak discharge. With statistical regression, the debris flow moving time is derived from the debris flow total time. The proposed model has fitted very well with the validation data and outperformed the existing models. This study has provided a new and more accurate way for estimating the total volume of debris flows with intermittent surges in engineering practice.     

Debris flow magnitude,frequency, and precipitation threshold in the eastern North Cascades,Washington, USA

We examine the magnitude, frequency, and precipitation threshold of the extreme flood hazard on 37 low-order streams in the lower Stehekin River Valley on the arid eastern slope of the North Cascades. Key morphometric variables identify the magnitude of the hazard by differentiating debris flood from debris flow systems. Thirty-two debris flow systems are fed by basins?<?6 km² and deposited debris cones with slopes?>?10°. Five debris flood systems have larger drainage areas and debris fans with slopes 7–10°. The debris flood systems have Melton ruggedness ratios from 0.42–0.64 compared to 0.78–3.80 for debris flow basins. We record stratigraphy at seven sites where soil surfaces buried by successive debris flows limit the age of events spanning 6000 years. Eighteen radiocarbon ages from the soils are the basis for estimates of a 200 to1500-year range in recurrence interval for larger debris flows and a 450?±?50-year average. Smaller events occur approximately every 100 years. Fifteen debris flows occurred in nine drainage systems in the last 15 years, including multiple flows on three streams. Summer storms in 2010 and 2013 with peak rainfall intensities of 7–9 mm/h sustained for 8–11 h triggered all but one flow; the fall 2015 event on Canyon Creek occurred after 170 mm of rain in 78 h. A direct link between fires and debris flows is unclear because several recent debris flows occurred in basins that did not burn or burned at low intensity, and basins that burned at high intensity did not carry debris flows. All but one of the recent flows and fires occurred on the valley’s southwest-facing wall. We conclude that fires and debris flows are linked by aspect at the landscape scale, where the sunny valley wall has flashy runoff due to sparse vegetation from frequent fires.

     

Mapping debris flow susceptibility using analytical network process in Kodaikkanal Hills,Tamil Nadu (India)

Rapid debris flows, a mixture of unconsolidated sediments and water travelling at speeds > 10 m/s are the most destructive water related mass movements that affect hill and mountain regions. The predisposing factors setting the stage for the event are the availability of materials, type of materials, stream power, slope gradient, aspect and curvature, lithology, land use and land cover, lineament density, and drainage. Rainfall is the most common triggering factor that causes debris flow in the Palar subwatershed and seismicity is not considered as it is a stable continental region and moderate seismic zone. Also, there are no records of major seismic activities in the past. In this study, one of the less explored heuristic methods known as the analytical network process (ANP) is used to map the spatial propensity of debris flow. This method is based on top-down decision model and is a multi-criteria, decision-making tool that translates subjective assessment of relative importance to weights or scores and is implemented in the Palar subwatershed which is part of the Western Ghats in southern India. The results suggest that the factors influencing debris flow susceptibility in this region are the availability of material on the slope, peak flow, gradient of the slope, land use and land cover, and proximity to streams. Among all, peak discharge is identified as the chief factor causing debris flow. The use of micro-scale watersheds demonstrated in this study to develop the susceptibility map can be very effective for local level planning and land management.     

岔沟泥石流运动特征及诱发因素分析

文章阐述泥石流流体重度、泥石流流速和泥石流洪峰流量等运动特征之间的相互关系,并分析降雨量作为诱发因素与这些运动特征的关系。为泥石流地区类似工程防灾减灾提供基础资料。     

5.12汶川8级地震次生地质灾害的基本特征及其形成机制浅析

5.12汶川8级大地震沿龙门山断裂带形成长350多km,宽约50 km的地表破裂带,触发了1万多处崩塌、滑坡、泥石流(碎屑流)地质灾害,其中巨型灾害体87处、大型灾害体606处,形成了136个较大规模的堰塞湖。地震地质灾害的链生特征显著,形成地震-崩塌、地震-滑坡-碎屑流-堰塞湖-堰塞坝溃决-泥石流等典型地质灾害链。地震次生地质灾害具有分布范围广、数量多、种类全、密度大、强度高、致灾重的特点。在部分地区,崩塌、滑坡和碎屑流的分布面积占地震极重灾区面积的30%~58％,甚至高达80％。据初步统计,崩塌、滑坡和碎屑流共导致大约2万人死亡,其中北川县老县城滑坡导致1 600多人死亡。地震次生地质灾害主要沿断裂带、河谷和交通线分布。崩塌、滑坡的破裂源主要位于河流拐弯处靠近侵蚀岸一侧、山脊两侧及坡肩部位,这与上述部位对地震动峰值加速度的放大作用直接相关。地震次生地质灾害主要受地震动峰值加速度和地形控制,其次为岩性、斜坡结构、活动断裂、人类工程活动。许多大型崩塌、滑坡还具有高速远程的特征,部分崩塌、滑坡 碎屑流位移达数km,速度高达100~300 m/s,其运动轨迹复杂多变,常常导致多处人员伤亡,是高山峡谷地区地质灾害风险评估和减灾防灾必须面临的新课题。根据上述情况,文中对汶川地震次生地质灾害的基本特征、分布规律和主要影响因素进行了初步总结,并对地震滑坡的形成机制和运动模式进行了初步探讨。首次提出高山峡谷地区单一斜坡上呈阶梯状多级滑动的群发性地震滑坡的形成模式:强烈地震往往引起剧烈的地面震动,而高陡的山脊及其坡肩部位对地震波具有明显的放大作用,因此,上述部位往往是地震滑坡的高易发地段,当地震动峰值加速度超过不稳定性斜坡的临界峰值加速度时,斜坡失稳破坏形成一系列的群发性滑坡,从上到下往往形成阶梯状多级滑动的滑坡群,此种模式适用于残坡积层、风化层地震滑坡和主滑面较缓的地震基岩滑坡。最后,指出了今后应重点研究的科学问题,并对防灾减灾措施提出了一些建议。     

Driftwood deposition from debris flows at slit-check dams and fans

Experience shows that debris flows containing large woody debris (driftwood) can be more damaging than debris flows without driftwood. In this study, the deposition process of debris flows carrying driftwood was investigated using numerical simulations and flume experiments. Debris-flow trapping due to driftwood jamming in a slit-check dam was also investigated. A numerical model was developed with an interacting combination of Eulerian expression of the debris flow and Lagrangian expression of the driftwood, in which the fluctuating coordinates and rotation of the driftwood were treated stochastically. The calculated shapes and thicknesses of a debris-flow fan and the positions and orientations of the deposited driftwood on a debris-flow fan were consistent with experimental flume results. The jamming of driftwood in a slit-check dam was evaluated based on geometry and probability. The simulated results of outflow discharge and the proportion of driftwood passed through the slit-check dam also agreed with the experimental results.     

A Comprehensive Approach to the Observation and Prevention of Debris Flows in China

This paper presents a classification of debris flows in China. These are classified into four related types according to their formation factors, material components, fluid properties, and movement patterns. Details of field observations of debris flow in China are also given. Several ways of using the parameters of debris flow are listed as well as their applied results. Some equations are formulated using velocity, discharge, and impact force. In addition, the paper presents a comprehensive approach to the prevention of debris flows.     

四川省九龙县娃娃沟泥石流运动特征与堵河成灾机制分析

2006年7月16日娃娃沟流域暴发的大规模泥石流,给下游3个电站造成巨大经济损失,是大渡河流域一次典型的灾害性泥石流。分析得出,娃娃沟泥石流重度高、搬运能力强,泥石流固体物质砂、石混杂,粗大砾石含量高;暴发频率低、规模大,流速及峰值流量分别高达10．78m／s及798．5m^3／s;在汇口处,泥石流堆积物堵塞河道是引起下游电站受灾的重要原因,高重度、粗颗粒、大流量的组合是此次泥石流堵江的重要原因。堵河判别计算结果显示在发生百年一遇泥石流时,该断面均有发生堵河的可能。娃娃沟泥石流表明：①在大渡河支流的泥石流沟周边的中小电站极有可能在泥石流暴发时受到破坏。因此,电站建设过程中应加强对周边泥石流沟的防灾减灾工作;②虽然娃娃沟流域植被良好,但仍然发生了大规模泥石流。表明植被不能完全避免泥石流的发生,对于此类泥石流沟不能疏忽大意。     

川藏交通廊道林波段冰川泥石流发育动态演化分析及监测预警方案

川藏交通廊道沿线山高谷深,地层岩性多变,新构造运动活跃,气候恶劣复杂,导致滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、冰湖溃决洪水等灾害极其发育,对铁路施工及运营带来严重影响.林芝-波密段就是典型地质灾害高发区域,常年受到冰川泥石流的影响,是川藏交通廊道重大灾害防治的难点区段.虽然目前在单沟尺度上对冰川泥石流的形成条件、影响因素、物源性质取得了一定的认识,但对于川藏交通廊道沿线不同类型的冰川泥石流诱发因素、区域发展演化规律及灾变指标的研究还较为初步,尚未构建完善的监测预警体系.借助多源长时序遥感影像、气象监测数据,结合野外实地验证和历史数据分析发现:川藏交通廊道周边区域冰川泥石流沟谷共99条,主要分布于恰青冰川-易贡乡、加拉贝垒-南迦巴瓦峰和古乡沟-嘎隆寺冰川一带;过去40年冰川经历了复杂的流动速度变化,表现为较小高海拔悬冰川活动性增强,大型沟谷冰川活动性减弱;自1973年以来,研究区冰川泥石流呈现频率增高、规模增大的特征.此外,从冰川泥石流发育沟道比降来看,发生高陡地形的滑坡、冰-岩崩诱发的泥石流频率增加.未来,冰川持续退缩,促使冰川源区冰瀑消失,发育更大规模的悬冰川,会增加这类冰川泥石流的风险;冰川泥石流形成及演化过程具有明显的灾变指标,如悬冰川裂隙密度增加、冰川速度增强、冰湖面积快速增加等.因此,基于以上认识,建议针对不同类型的冰川泥石流地建立完善的监测预警指标,并提出了融合卫星、航空遥感平台,气象、水文地面监测平台,地震动监测平台的冰川泥石流“空-天-地”立体监测框架,针对不同类型冰川泥石流进行灾变信息监测与预警判识,为川藏交通廊道安全施工运营提供技术参考.      

Channelized debris‐flow deposits and their impact on turbidity currents: The Puchkirchen axial channel belt in the Austrian Molasse Basin

Deposits of submarine debris flows can build up substantial topography on the sea floor. The resulting sea floor morphology can strongly influence the pathways of and deposition from subsequent turbidity currents. Map views of sea floor morphology are available for parts of the modern sea floor and from high‐resolution seismic‐reflection data. However, these data sets usually lack lithological information. In contrast, outcrops provide cross‐sectional and lateral stratigraphic details of deep‐water strata with superb lithological control but provide little information on sea floor morphology. Here, a methodology is presented that extracts fundamental lithological information from sediment core and well logs with a novel calibration between core, well‐logs and seismic attributes within a large submarine axial channel belt in the Tertiary Molasse foreland basin, Austria. This channel belt was the course of multiple debris‐flow and turbidity current events, and the fill consists of interbedded layers deposited by both of these processes. Using the core‐well‐seismic calibration, three‐dimensional lithofacies proportion volumes were created. These volumes enable the interpretation of the three‐dimensional distribution of the important lithofacies and thus the investigation of sea floor morphology produced by debris‐flow events and its impact on succeeding turbidite deposition. These results show that the distribution of debris‐flow deposits follows a relatively regular pattern of levées and lobes. When subsequent high‐density turbidity currents encountered this mounded debris‐flow topography, they slowed and deposited a portion of their sandy high‐density loads just upstream of morphological highs. Understanding the depositional patterns of debris flows is key to understanding and predicting the location and character of associated sandstone accumulations. This detailed model of the filling style and the resulting stratigraphic architecture of a debris‐flow dominated deep‐marine depositional system can be used as an analogue for similar modern and ancient systems.     

Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring

A rainfall-induced debris flow warning is implemented employing real-time rain gauge data. The pre-warning for the time of landslide triggering derives the threshold or critical rainfall from historical events involving regional rainfall patterns and geological conditions. In cases of debris flow, the time taken cumulative runoff, to yield abundant water for debris triggering, is an important index that needs monitoring. In gathered historical cases, rainfall time history data from the nearest rain gauge stations to debris-flow sites connected to debris flow are used to define relationships between the rainfall intensity and duration. The effects by which the regional rainfall patterns (antecedent rainfall, duration, intensity, cumulative rainfall) and geological settings combine together to trigger a debris-flow are analyzed for real-time monitoring. The analyses focused on 61 historical hazard events with the timing of debris flow initiation and rainfall duration to burst debris-flow characteristics recorded. A combination of averaged rainfall intensity and duration is a more practical index for debris-flow monitoring than critical or threshold rainfall intensity. Because, the outburst timing of debris flows correlates closely to the peak hourly rainfall and the forecasting of peak hourly rainfall reached in a meteorological event could be a valuable index for real-time debris-flow warning.     

Distribution and characteristics of landslides induced by the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008 in Tohoku District, Northeast Japan

The Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008, whose seismic intensity was M. 7.2 in Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) scale, induced innumerable landslides on the southern flank of Mt. Kurikoma volcano allocated along the Ou Backbone Range in Northeast Japan. Most landslides are detected in a hanging wall side of the seismic fault. Those landslides are classified into five types: deep-seated slide, debris slide, shallow debris slide, secondary shallow debris slide, and debris flow. Most common landslide types induced by the earthquake are shallow debris slides and subsequent debris flows. They are intensively distributed along steep gorges incising a volcanic skirt of Mt. Kurikoma, consisting of welded ignimbrite of the Pleistocene age. Debris flows are also distributed even along gentle river floors in the southern lower flank of the volcano. The area of densely distributed debris slides, shallow debris slides, and debris flows is concordant with that of severe seismic tremor. Thus, genetic processes of landslides induced by the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008 are attributed to multiple causative factors such as geology, topography, and seismic force.     

Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 4 July 2013 rainfall in Shimian,SW China: formation mechanism,disaster characteristics and the lessons learned

On 4 July 2013, three catastrophic debris flows occurred in the Hougou, Majingzi, and Xiongjia gullies in Shimian county and produced debris dams and river blockages, resulting in serious casualties and huge economic loss. Though debris flows have been identified prior to the catastrophic events, their magnitudes and destructive power were far beyond early recognition and hazard assessment. Our primary objective for this study was to explore the formation mechanism and typical characteristics and to summarize the lessons learned from these disastrous events in order to avoid the repeat of such disasters in the future. Based on field investigation and imagery interpretation of remote sensing carried out following the catastrophic events, four conclusions were drawn: (1) The catastrophic debris flows were initiated from surface-water runoff, and the triggering factor was attributed to the local intensive rainfall with an hourly intensity of more than 46.7 mm. (2) Entrainment was the most important sediment-supplying method for the debris flow occurrence, and the source materials transported by debris flows from the three gullies were estimated to be about 97?×?10⁴ m³ in volume altogether. (3) As surface-water runoff eroded and entrained hillslope and channel materials persistently, debris flows were characterized by intensive incision at upper or middle reaches and significant magnification effect in flow discharge and volume downstream. Corresponding peak discharge surveyed at the outlets of the Hougou, Majingzi, and Xiongjia gullies was estimated up to 751.0 m³/s, 870.1 m³/s, and 758.7 m³/s, respectively. (4) Debris flows that occurred from the three gullies all belonged to viscous ones and the bulk densities were calculated more than 1.80 g/cm³, indicating a huge carrying capacity and destructive impacting power. In addition, the lessons learned from the catastrophic events were summarized, including recognition and assessment on debris flow hazard and utilization of deposition fan. In this paper, prevention suggestions on debris flow prone valleys with high-vegetation coverage and low occurrence frequency were also put forward. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on the initiation mechanism, dynamic characteristics, and disaster mitigation of debris flows initiated from intense rainfall and surface-water runoff in mountainous areas.     

基于地震动信号分析的地质灾害过程重构方法研究与应用

地质灾害启动及演进过程中对途经的村庄、植被、基础设施等均会造成不同程度的破坏,而深入研究灾害的演进过程有助于灾害预警和防治工作,能减少灾区人员伤亡、降低经济损失。然而由于地质灾害的强破坏性和突发性,使得现场的监测仪器和设备易受灾害的影响,甚至被破坏,导致难以完整且准确地监测到灾害过程,这限制了对地质灾害过程的深入研究,因此亟需一种新的方法来进行灾害过程的重构。随着科技的发展,现有高精度地震仪能够记录伴随地质灾害而产生的地震动信号,并且已有不少研究者进行了基于地震动信号的灾害分析研究。基于现有研究的基础,本文提出一套基于地震动信号的地质灾害重构研究思路和方法体系:通过运用带通滤波器(BP-filter)、经验模态分解(EMD)、快速傅里叶变换(FFT)、短时傅里叶变换(STFT)、功率谱密度计算(PSD)等方法对灾害过程产生的地震动信号进行处理和分析,然后结合灾害现场调查结果进行对比分析以反演灾害的基本特征,进而与数值模拟结果进行耦合,最终实现灾害过程的重构。本文基于地震动信号对堰塞湖、滑坡、泥石流等不同灾种进行案例研究与分析,旨在为地质灾害演进过程的研究提供一种新的研究思路和方法体系。     

九寨沟MS7.0级地震斜坡地震动响应监测研究

通过在九寨沟县聚宝山不同位置处布设微震监测仪器,采集到了九寨沟M_S7.0级地震后几次典型的余震监测数据。对地震动监测剖面上1#（1414 m）和2#（1551 m）监测点的余震加速度响应数据进行系统的研究,表明:（1）孤立突出山体的地形放大效应显著,各监测点的水平向加速度幅值一般要大于竖直向;（2）在地震过程中,聚宝山近SN走向的山脊沿水平东西方向震动更为猛烈,即沿东西两侧发生猛烈"甩动",形成沿山脊走向发育的地震裂缝。对余震监测数据的研究证实了斜坡地震动方向效应的存在,聚宝山山顶处的2#监测点水平东西向峰值加速度放大效应明显强于其他方向,地震波能量在水平东西向上得到显著放大,因而坡顶处建筑物也更容易沿该方向发生破坏,证明了局部地形对斜坡地震动力响应具有控制效应;（3）2#监测点竖直向主频值主要为6~12 Hz,水平东西向主频值主要为5~8 Hz,水平南北向主频值主要为5~10 Hz,其水平东西向主频率值主要为低频成分;相较于1#监测点,2#监测点各向的主频值发生明显衰减,即随着高程的增加,地震动主频值呈现出减小趋势,在斜坡上部地震波以中低频为主。通过进一步地计算分析得出,九寨沟地震诱发单薄山脊、条形山体、多面临空山体等地形放大效应与地震波半波长密切相关,斜坡在局部地形尺寸与地震波丰富的波长成分的耦合作用下,地形放大效应显著,山体震害发育。     

汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究

2008年9月24日汶川震区的北川县暴雨导致区域性泥石流发生,这次9.24暴雨泥石流灾害导致了42人死亡,对公路和其他基础设施造成严重损毁。本研究采用地面调查和遥感解译方法分析地震与暴雨共同作用下的泥石流特征,获取的气象数据用于分析泥石流起动的临界雨量条件。本文探讨了研究区泥石流起动和输移过程,并根据野外调查,分析了泥石流形成的降雨、岩石和断层作用,特别是强降雨过程与物源区对泥石流发生的作用。根据应急调查发现北川县境内暴雨诱发的泥石流72处,其分布受岩石类型、发震断层和河流等因素控制。根据对研究区震前和震后泥石流发生的临界雨量和雨强的初步分析,汶川地震后,该区域泥石流起动的前期累积雨量降低了14.8%～22.1%,小时雨强降低25.4 %～31.6%。震区泥石流起动方式主要有二种,一是由于暴雨过程形成的斜坡表层径流导致悬挂于斜坡上的滑坡体表面和前缘松散物质向下输移,进入沟道后转为泥石流过程;二是消防水管效应使沟道水流快速集中,并强烈冲刷沟床中松散固体物质,导致沟床物质起动并形成泥石流过程。调查和分析发现沟内堆积的滑坡坝对泥石流的阻塞明显,溃决后可导致瞬时洪峰流量特别大。研究结果表明了汶川震区已进入一个新的活跃期。因此,应该开展对汶川地震区的泥石流风险评估和监测、早期预警,采取有效的工程措施控制泥石流的发生和危害。     

DFG型断层形变垂直分量测量仪自动化标定

本文介绍了自主研发的DFG型断层形变垂直分量测量仪的测量原理及自动化标定系统。结合在北京市丰台区大灰厂地震台该仪器的安装,介绍了标定的实现过程,标定结果满足地壳形变观测仪器相关技术标准的要求。     

Initiation process of debris flows on different slopes due to surface flow and trigger-specific strategies for mitigating post-earthquake in old Beichuan County, China

The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) in China, produced an estimated volume of 28 × 10⁸ m³ loosened material, which led to debris flows after the earthquake. Debris flows are the dominant mountain hazards, and serious threat to lives, properties, buildings, traffic, and post-earthquake reconstruction in the earthquake-hit areas. It is very important to understand the debris flow initiation processes and characteristics, for designing debris flow mitigation. The main objective of this article is to examine the different debris flow initiation processes in order to identify suitable mitigation strategies. Three types of debris flow initiation processes were identified (designated as Types A, B, and C) by field survey and experiments. In “A” type initiation, the debris flow forms as a result of dam failure in the process of rill erosion, slope failure, landslide dam, or dam failure. This type of debris flow occurs at the slope of 10 ± 2°, with a high bulk density, and several surges following dam failure. “B” type initiation is the result of a gradual increase in headward down cutting, bank and lateral erosion, and then large amount of loose material interfusion into water flow, which increases the bulk density, and forms the debris flow. This type of debris flow occurs mainly on slopes of 15 ± 3° without surges. “C” type debris flow results from slope failures by surface flow, infiltration, loose material crack, slope failure, and fluidization. This type of debris flow occurs mainly on slopes of 21 ± 4°, and has several surges of debris flow following slope failure, and a high bulk density. To minimize the hazards from debris flows in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, the erosion control measures, such as the construction of grid dams, slope failure control measures, the construction of storage sediment dams, and the drainage measures, such as construction of drainage ditches are proposed. Based on our results, it is recommend that the control measures should be chosen based on the debris flow initiation type, which affects the peak discharge, bulk density and the discharge process. The mitigation strategies discussed in this paper are based on experimental simulations of the debris flows in the Weijia, Huashiban, and Xijia gullies of old Beichuan city. The results are useful for post-disaster reconstruction and recovery, as well as for preventing similar geohazards in the future.