安徽省萧县牛头山水泥用石灰岩矿矿山地质环境治理方案

本文通过简要介绍了牛头山水泥用石灰岩矿的地理、地质背景条件及开采方法,讨论由于矿山开采活动而造成的土地挖损和压占、地形地貌景观破坏和崩塌、滑坡地质灾害隐患等矿山地质环境问题,根据矿山地质环境特征和萧县城镇发展规划,有针对性地进行了截水沟工程、挡土墙工程、边坡与临时堆场清理工程、凿宕穴工程、养护道路工程、覆土工程、植树工程、养护管理工程等矿山地质环境治理工程的布局,进一步强调了地质环境治理对恢复矿区生态环境、促进县域经济发展的意义。     

Re-evaluation of rock core logging for the prediction of preferred orientations of karst in the Kuala Lumpur Limestone Formation

Based on the relationship between the geological structures and river patterns, the preliminary prediction of the karstic features in the Kuala Lumpur Limestone Formation, based on the existing geological, map appears to be directed between N030° to 070° and N120° to 150°. The factual evidence of this occurrence is obtained from investigation in the field: first, using the two sites exposed for construction of the SMART tunnel under Kuala Lumpur and second, based on the SMART tunnel project rock cores recovery. A much detailed prediction was made by re-evaluating the TCR, RQD and SCR values. The reassessment of these values enables the drilled ground to be classified into four different qualities of rock mass: good quality limestone; moderate quality limestone; weathered limestone; and fully developed void-like karst. According to this new classification system, the tunnel appears to align generally in the heavily karstified limestone in the northern section and massive good quality limestone in the southern section of the study area; which is represented as rose diagrams. The evidence for this analysis is given and the methods used for these studies are explained.     

南水北调西线工程及其主要工程地质问题

首先介绍了南水北调西线工程区及各河段枢纽的工程地质条件 ,工程区岩性以砂岩、板岩为主 ,地层褶皱强烈 ,活断裂发育 ,地表覆盖厚 ,地质条件相对复杂。讨论了西线工程可能遇到的主要工程地质问题 ,如地应力和岩爆、软岩蠕变、突水、碎屑流、活断层的突发性位错及高地温灾害等 ;一期工程的地质问题主要集中在深埋长隧洞和引水明渠方面 ,其中 ,输水明渠的工程地质问题主要为边坡稳定和水文地质条件评价     

贵州成土母岩类型及其与耕地土壤关系探讨

本文考虑无约束组稀疏回归问题,其损失函数为凸函数,正则项为MCP(minimax concave penalty),主要刻画该问题的两类稳定点。首先,给出d-稳定点以及critical点的具体刻画,并且证明了这两类稳定点的关系;其次,分析d-稳定点与问题局部解的关系;最后,证明了该模型的下界性质。     

马家沟灰岩（古）岩溶研究中的若干问题探讨

讨论了华北地区奥陶系马家沟组灰岩岩溶研究中的几个问题，包括沉积岩溶，暴露岩溶，埋藏岩溶，现代岩溶及陷落柱等，指出了沉积岩溶和暴露岩溶洞穴不能保存或保存甚少，但对后期的岩溶发育具有重要控制作用，最后，提出了今后奥陶系灰岩岩溶研究的基本思路。     

断裂构造研究进展对工程地质学的启示

在长期地质作用下形成的岩体和岩体结构是工程地质学研究的基本内容，它们的形成和演化主要受控于构造作用，而系统地解析体所经历的构造作用是认知岩体结构，抽象和概括岩体工程地质模型的突破口，因此，重视和应用现代构造地质学研究的新理论，新方法必将会对岩体工程地质学研究起着重要的指导意义。本文系统总结了与工程地质研究相关的现代构造地质学理论和思维观的研究进展，在此基础上分析了这些理论方法对工程地质工作的启示和指导意义，希望起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

黄土体工程地质的研究体系及若干问题探讨

针对黄土的结构性、水敏性和裂隙性等特殊性质,建立了适合黄土体特征及特性的黄土体工程地质研究体系--研究对象、理论基础、内容、路线和方法,指出其研究对象是黄土体。黄土体结构面及其相关问题是黄土体工程地质研究的薄弱环节。探讨了黄土体结构面的分类和分级、黄土体结构类型、洞室围岩类别和黄土体的水敏性等问题,并根据结构面的规模、活动特征及其对工程的危害程度,将黄土体结构面分为6级。 依据黄土的沉积特点、结构面的特征和工程黄土体的范围将黄土体结构分为均质结构、层状结构、柱状结构、块裂结构和碎裂结构。认为加强和突出黄土体工程地质研究,有助于正确认识黄土体工程地质特征和解决相关的工程地质问题。     

四川广元市区域工程地质初步研究

根据1：5万区域地质调查资料，对研究区岩土体工程地质类型进行了划分，论述了各类岩土体工程地质的特征，在此基础上将测区划分为三个工程地质区，四个工程地质分区。研究了测区主要工程地质问题，提出了防治这些工程地质问题的措施。     

三峡库区巫山县城二郎庙小区岩溶引起的地质灾害危险性研究

三峡库区移民迁建中发现的岩溶问题是一个重大工程地质问题。巫山县新城二郎庙小区是地质灾害监测预警示范区,那里的三叠系嘉陵江组灰岩在特殊的气候、水文和地质环境下遭受了强烈的岩溶作用,岩体结构变得非常复杂,完整的灰岩变为层状碎裂岩体、岩溶角砾岩、泥质条带和残坡积角砾层。不同的地貌部位具有不同的岩溶特点和强度,总体规律性是由西向东、剖面下部至上部岩溶作用增强,其中陡坡下地形由陡变缓的转折地带和冲沟下部是岩溶作用最强烈的地带。岩溶作用形成了各种微地貌和特殊的岩体组合格局。岩溶导致岩体的力学强度和稳定性不断降低,加上其他自然因素和人为因素作用可能产生地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面塌陷地质灾害,这些问题必须在移民迁建以及将来城镇运行过程中引起高度重视。     

济南张夏组灰岩岩溶地下水供水潜力探讨

济南南部广布巨厚张夏组灰岩,其中赋存优质丰富的岩溶地下水。出露众多泉水,其流量为800—8000m^3／d。该文通过简述济南地区张夏组灰岩岩溶地下水的赋存条件与水文地质特征,概略计算与评价其资源量,论证开发利用这一新水源的可行性,以期为济南供水与保泉开辟新途径。     

湘西上洞街煤矿区毛家寨段水工环地质条件研究

通过对湘西上洞街煤矿区毛家寨段水文地质测绘、地质钻探及邻近生产矿井资料收集，综合分析研究认为：勘查区煤矿床主要充水主要为其顶、底板岩溶裂隙水，目前岩土工程地质条件比较简单，环境地质现状良好。煤矿开采后，因大量疏排岩溶地下水而导致的水、工、环不良地质问题将是今后矿区防治丁作的重点。     

徐州三河尖煤矿充水因素分析及防治水对策

在介绍矿区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对矿井的充水因素进行了较为全面的分析,指出矿井的主要充水水源是山西组砂岩裂隙水、太原组灰岩岩溶裂隙水和奥陶系灰岩岩溶水;充水通道主要是断层破碎带和隐伏陷落构造,其次是采矿形成的冒落带和导水裂隙带。结合历年的突水资料,分析了三河尖煤矿历次发生水害事故的原因。针对煤矿充水特征,提出了在预防煤层顶板砂岩裂隙水和太原组灰岩岩溶水时,要以超前疏放为主,对奥陶系灰岩岩溶水,则应以＂防＂为主。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001545

The presence of natural voids and cavities in subsurface karstic limestones causes severe problem for civil engineering and environmental management.The presence of such features hinders the extension of urbanizations particularly in the new metropolitan.The eastern part of Saudi Arabia contains various types of karstic limestone,sinkholes,solution cavities and voids.In this context,geophysical methods particularly electrical resistivity technique is used as a cost-effective solution for investigating subsurface caves,voids,and shallow weathered zones.2-D electrical resistivity data sets have been acquired along seven profiles in the new urbanization at Al Hassa area.Data processing has been carried out taking into consideration the response of synthetic models,which simulates physical models of the most common karstic features in the area.The results are very useful to determine the extension of shallow weathered zones and to locate different cavities underneath them.The hard limestone bedrock can also be detected and traced along the surveyed profiles.     

Karst Hazard Assessment of Eastern Saudi Arabia

Karst phenomena exist in areas in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, forming solution features such as sinkholes, collapsed dolines and solution caverns, as a result of the chemical leaching of the carbonate and evaporite formations by percolating water. The instability of these karst phenomena could produce land subsidence problems. This paper reviews the geology of documented karstic rock units in Saudi Arabia and proposes a simple engineering classification of the solution features characteristic of limestone. Two case histories in the Dhahran area, eastern Saudi Arabia, will be used as examples for the application of a modified engineering classification.     

淮南寒武纪岩溶陷落柱发育特征及导水性分析

1996年任楼煤矿发生的陷落柱特大突水事故，使“淮南不存在岩溶陷落柱”的认识得到了质疑。通过初步调研，在孔集矿南部的孙家大山一带发现出露于地表的岩溶陷落柱，而谢桥矿煤经三维地震勘探也探测出了发育于寒武纪灰岩中的两个岩溶陷落柱。因其岩溶陷落柱的发育层位、充填物质与华北煤田奥陶纪岩溶陷落柱构成明显的对比。导致了其水文、工程地质特征的特殊性。     

Evolution of major environmental geological problems in karst areas of Southwestern China

Karst terrains are generally regarded as a fragile and vulnerable environment. China’s karst is mainly developed in pre-Triassic, old-phase, hard, compact carbonate rock. The lack of soil cover in bare karst land can enhance desertification. Its underground drainage system can aggravate both drought and flooding problems; the interconnected surface and subsurface conditions allow for easy contamination by pollutants. Moreover, karst terrains quite often suffer from a series of engineering problems, such as water infiltrating into mines or transportation tunnels, leakage from reservoirs, and failure of building foundations. As resources and energy exploitation intensified in recent years, karst areas in Southwest China faced some severe geo environmental problems. In order to find out how the problems action and evolution in recent years, field and laboratory investigations were conducted in Guangxi autonomous region, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei provinces, and Chongqing municipality. About 100 experts from the Provincial Geological Survey and graduate students took part in this project. Several symposiums were held during those 3 years. Besides the in situ survey, data were collected from hydrogeological survey results since 2000 when the new round of land resources investigation began. After analyzing these data, rock desertification, drought and flooding, and contamination and engineering geological environmental problems were considered the most prevalent problems in karst areas in Southwestern China. The status of each problem is elaborated upon in this paper and should be considered for future sustainable development.     

Construction Problems on the Karstified Limestone Tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal: A Case Study

During the excavations for the foundations of a three storey building on the limestone tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal, a large dissolution fissure and smaller dissolution voids were found. Since the area has never been the subject of engineering geology investigation, it was decided to evaluate the risk associated with the construction of the building. These limestone tuffs were formed in a continental environment by the precipitation of calcite carried by the water coming from the large limestone body in the east. The precipitated calcite mixed with the terrigenous materials and around trunks and leaves of plants, originating a very heterogeneous and porous ground, which is characteristic of limestone tuffs. The study started with a detailed geological survey followed by a large number of destructive drillings, located essentially under the pad foundations. The results revealed several karstic cavities with serious problems for the building foundations and the structure, and many smaller dissolution cavities, often filled with clayey soils. The ground treatment solutions used included, dental cleaning, filling with concrete or granular material the dissolution structures accessible at the level of the foundation, reinforcement of the footing and the structure of the building and adding a continuous foundation beam to hold the foundations together. The cost of the engineering geology study, site investigation, ground treatment, and the reinforcement of the foundation and building, increased the total construction cost from 2%, at the design stage, to 4.8%.     

Engineering geological mapping in terrains of tropical weathering — an example from abuja,nigeria

The importance of engineering geological mapping as a tool in the development planning of civil and mining works has increased in recent years. Its usefulness in the economic development of these works is now widely accepted.The engineering geological mapping of terrains of tropical weathering requires certain techniques. These techniques are the consequence of the special environmental conditions. The general methods of engineering geological mapping as it applies to such terrains is discussed. The use of these methods and specialised techniques in the mapping of a newly planned federal capital city, Abuja, is described. The techniques would find application in similar areas of the world.     

关于河南灵泉寺石窟地质病害及整治方法的研究

灵泉寺石窟是 1996 年国务院公布的第四批国家重点文物保护单位。 千余年以来, 该石窟除遭受人为破坏外, 在自然营力作用下, 还产生了较严重的地质病害, 使石雕艺术品遭到不同程度的破坏, 目前面临严重的保护任务。 为此, 对地质病害进行了详细的工程地质研究和地震作用分析, 对石窟所在边坡的整治提出了建议。     

The influence of karst features on environmental studies in Turkey

 The carbonate rocks of Turkey, which underlie about one third of the country, possess major water resources with great potential for electricity generation and water supplies. The ongoing development of karst features, especially in the southern part of Turkey, demonstrates specific environmental problems that occur in many karst water supply projects. Karst aquifers, springs, sinkholes, dolines, poljes and other karst features are of great importance from the standpoint of karst water resources and environmental research studies. In karst regions, conservation and protection of groundwater resources for both qualitative and quantitative evaluations is possible only when the catchment area is determined accurately. Since the catchment area in karst terrains is not limited by the surface drainage boundaries and the groundwater flows through well-developed coduits or fissures, the equations used in non-karstic areas cannot be applied to such karstic regions. Studies on the development of karst features and its environmental impacts in Turkey are of recent origin. Therefore, many unreliable methods are being applied in karstic areas. For example, the use of "shallow holes or sinkholes and fault zones" for septic water waste disposal or as sewage by those who are not familiar with karst, sometimes causes very serious problems of extensive groundwater pollution. This paper discusses the development of different karstic features in Turkey and case studies on its environmental impacts. Received: 27 December 1995 · Accepted: 10 July 1996