基于Hough变换的DInSAR环状地表形变区自动提取

针对当前DInSAR地表形变区检测依赖于人工的现状,提出基于Hough变换的环状地表形变区自动提取方法。该方法在外部DEM的辅助下,由干涉数据获取去地形效应的差分干涉图,在对差分干涉图进行边缘提取的基础上,利用Hough变换实现环状地表形变区的自动提取。采用青海门源震区Sentinel-1A数据和山东济宁矿区ALOS PALSAR数据分别进行环状地表形变区自动提取实验,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于PS-InSAR的广西北部湾沿岸形变探测及成因分析

受强降雨等极端天气影响,广西地区沉降地质灾害频发。为保障区域可持续发展,利用36景Sentient-1A卫星影像,探究广西北部湾沿岸地区土地形变情况并分析其成因。首先基于PS-InSAR技术和SBAS-InSAR技术,获取2018年1月～2020年12月广西北部湾地区地表沉降信息。结果表明：两种方法具有高度一致性,研究区域最大累计沉降量达-78.1 mm,最大平均形变速率为-22.664 mm/a。其次结合降雨量数据与人类活动强度,分析地表形变成因,结果进一步表明：广西北部湾地区累计沉降量与人类活动强度呈现正相关;每年7、8月雨季时,地表形变速率提高,雨季结束后,部分地面出现抬升。人类活动与降雨是导致广西北部湾地区大面积不规则沉降的重要原因。     

短基线集InSAR技术用于黄河三角洲地面沉降监测与人为因素影响

利用2007—2010年间存档的30景Envisat ASAR数据,运用SBAS技术对黄河三角洲地区地面沉降进行全面具体监测,获取黄河三角洲地区地表形变特征场,分析了典型沉降区形变时间序列特征,结合相关资料对三角洲地区地面沉降影响因素进行了分析。研究表明,人类活动(地下水抽取、油气开采与工程建筑等)是造成地面沉降的主要因素,油田区地表形变范围与断层存在一定相关性。     

短基线集InSAR技术用于黄河三角洲地面沉降监测与人为因素影响北大核心CSCD

利用2007—2010年间存档的30景Envisat ASAR数据,运用SBAS技术对黄河三角洲地区地面沉降进行全面具体监测,获取黄河三角洲地区地表形变特征场,分析了典型沉降区形变时间序列特征,结合相关资料对三角洲地区地面沉降影响因素进行了分析。研究表明,人类活动(地下水抽取、油气开采与工程建筑等)是造成地面沉降的主要因素,油田区地表形变范围与断层存在一定相关性。     

基于显著性分析的SAR溢油图像中暗斑区域检测方法研究

为了提高合成孔径雷达(syntheticapertureradar,SAR)图像中海上溢油的检测精度,设计了一种图像显著性和均值偏移分割相结合的暗斑检测方法,验证了该方法在SAR溢油图像暗斑识别中的有效性,为溢油区域的准确检测奠定了基础。针对SAR溢油图像中暗斑区域在人类视觉中属于感兴趣区域的特性,利用图像显著性检测方法对整幅SAR图像进行处理生成显著性图像,然后利用均值偏移方法在SAR图像的Lab空间将图像分割成不同区域,最后在显著性图像上利用每个区域的平均显著性值与动态阈值之间的关系确定溢油图像中的暗斑区域。实验结果表明,该方法不需要人工交互,且能够有效地提取出SAR图像溢油中的暗斑区域。     

卵形鲳大规模死亡的病原及其防治

报道了海南海水网箱养殖卵形鲳大规模死亡的病原及其防治方法。对典型患病个体进行病原分离并经回归感染实验表明 ,引起该病的病原为嗜麦芽假单胞菌。该病原菌对青霉素类药物和呋喃类药物均高度敏感 ,在生产中应用这些药物对该病进行防治效果良好。     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的填海造陆区地表形变监测与分析——以天津港为例（英文）

为了探究SBAS-InSAR技术在海岸带填海造陆区形变监测的适用性,本文基于28景Sentinel-1A影像,利用SBAS-InSAR技术获取了天津港填海造陆区2018年1月至2019年11月的地表形变信息,揭示天津港填海造陆区的地表形变特征,并分析沉降速率与填海造陆的时间、土地利用类型的关系。结果表明：天津港填海造陆区具有沉降速率范围跨度大、不均匀沉降和多个沉降漏斗的特点,沉降速率范围为-74.9-19.7 mm/a;沉降速率与填海造陆时间成反比,早期填海造陆区沉降速率较小,新填海造陆区沉降速率较大;不同土地利用类型的沉降速率差异大。该研究验证了SBAS-InSAR技术在填海造陆区形变监测应用的可行性,为海岸带、海岛礁、滩涂等沿海地区的地面沉降的监测与分析提供了思路。     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的填海造陆区地表形变监测与分析——以天津港为例

为了探究SBAS-InSAR技术在海岸带填海造陆区形变监测的适用性,本文基于28景Sentinel-1A影像,利用SBASIn SAR技术获取了天津港填海造陆区2018年1月至2019年11月的地表形变信息,揭示天津港填海造陆区的地表形变特征,并分析了沉降速率与填海造陆的时间、土地利用类型的关系。结果表明：天津港填海造陆区具有沉降速率范围跨度大、不均匀沉降和含多个沉降漏斗等特点,沉降速率范围为-74.9～19.7 mm/a;沉降速率与填海造陆时间成反比,早期填海造陆区沉降速率较小,新填海造陆区沉降速率较大;不同土地利用类型的沉降速率差异大。该研究验证了SBAS-InSAR技术在填海造陆区形变监测应用的可行性,为海岸带、海岛礁、滩涂等沿海地区地面沉降的监测与分析提供了思路。     

日本蟳酚氧化酶的分离纯化及其部分生物化学性质研究

利用离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析等方法,从日本(Charybdis japonica)血淋巴中分离纯化出了酚氧化酶,并以L-二羟苯丙氨酸(L-DOPA)作为特异性底物对其生化性质和酶性质进行了研究。结果表明,酚氧化酶和酚氧化酶原的分子质量分别为64.5 ku和69.5 ku。以L-DOPA为底物对酚氧化酶纯品进行研究发现,其最适pH值为6.0、最适温度为40℃。对底物L-DOPA和儿茶酚的米氏常数Km值分别为3.41和7.97 mmol/L。该酶对亚硫酸钠、苯硫脲极为敏感,对硫脲、苯甲酸非常敏感,表明该酶很可能是一种儿茶酚酶型的酶。此外,EDTA,DETC,Zn2 ,Mg2 和Cu2 均能显著抑制该酶活性,且10 mmol/L Cu2 能有效地回复该酶被DETC所抑制的酶活性,表明该酶确为一种Cu-金属酶。     

异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)源醋酸钙不动杆菌表型及分子鉴定

采用常规的培养特征、理化特性及分子生物学的方法,对从濒死异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)血液中分离到的菌株SY-1进行了致病性、表型生物学、分子生物学及药敏试验的系统研究。结果表明,该菌株在盐度5—30、pH6—8,温度10—42℃的LB液体培养基中均能生长,具有脲酶。该菌株16SrRNA基因序列(Gen Bank登录存取号:JX164201,长度1435bp)与其它不动杆菌属菌的16SrRNA基因同源性相似性在99%—100%之间,构建系统发育树确定该菌株为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。人工回感可导致异育银鲫死亡。药敏试验结果显示:对恩诺沙星、强力霉素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明、氧氟沙星等10种抗生素敏感;对羧苄青霉素、诺氟沙星、大观霉素、卡那霉素、四环素等14种抗生素中度敏感;对氨苄西林、苯唑西林、林可霉素、万古霉素、氟苯尼考等15种抗生素耐药。     

Digital Tide-Coordinated Shoreline

The shoreline is one of the most important features on earth's surface. It is valuable to a diverse user community. But the dynamic nature of the shoreline makes it difficult to be represented in a naturally dynamic style and to be utilized in applications. The officially used shoreline, for example in nautical charts, is the so-called tide-coordinated shoreline. It is also the shoreline that makes the computation of shoreline changes and associated environmental changes meaningful. Mapping of the tide-coordinated shoreline has been very costly. On the other hand, instantaneous shorelines extracted from different data sources may be available. Also, high-resolution satellite and airborne imagery have the capacity of stereo imaging and can be used to extract instantaneous shorelines at a high accuracy and low cost. This article proposes an approach to derivation of digital tidecoordinated shorelines from (a) those instantaneous shorelines and (b) digital coastal surface models and a digital water surface model. Some preliminary study results, analysis, and the potential of the approach are discussed.     

The Seasat scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR): Instrument description and performance

The scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) is an imaging 5-frequency radiometer flown on the Seasat and Nimbus-7 earth satellites launched in 1978. It measures dual-polarized microwave radiances from the earth's atmosphere and surface, primarily for the purpose of deriving global and nearly all-weather measurements of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric liquid water and water vapor. This paper describes the SMMR instrument and its calibration, antenna pattern measurements, and data processing procedures. Analysis of early data from the Seasat SMMR shows that the expected engineering performance in flight was achieved, and the measurement of sea surface temperature and wind speed with accuracies of 1.5 K and 2 m/s, respectively, may be achievable once the geophysical data processing algorithms and analysis have been completed.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE LARGE SCALE LOW LEVEL JET

By adopting the β plane approximation in the neighbourhood of the equator and neglecting the nonlinear terms in the barntropic primitive equations, particular solutions art obtained under the steady condition. From these, we find that in the neighbourhood of the equator, the large scale low level jet (LLJ) is mainly determined by the inertia effect of the earth's rotation, the depth of the equivalent fluid layer and the frictional effect of the earth's surface. By using the Green function to obtain an exact solution for the system of equations, the meridional component is obtained. However, the low level wind fields obtained by both approaches generally agree with the actuality.     

Torques exerted by a shallow fluid on a non-spherical, rotating planet

A general derivation is given for the torque exerted on a non-spherical planet by a shallow fluid, presenting in a unified form a number of results which are currently scattered through the literature, and deriving those results in a new way. This shows how the sum of gravitational and pressure torques can be rewritten as a 'centrifugal' torque plus a topographic torque due to pressure acting on topography measured relative to the geoid. This clarifies the physics behind the use of spherical coordinate atmosphere and ocean models for calculating torques on the earth. It also shows why the total torque due to the earth's equatorial bulge can be calculated as if it were a pressure torque on an 'effective bulge' of approximately 11 km, the gravitational torque partially offsetting the actual pressure torque on the earth's 21 km bulge.     

Seasonal Deformation of Permafrost in Wudaoliang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Revealed by StaMPS-InSAR

Abstract

Permafrost is extremely sensitive to variance in external hydrothermal conditions. InSAR has advantages in monitoring surface deformation with decent temporal and spatial resolution as well as millimeter precision. In particular, the StaMPS-InSAR method can remove the disturbances of inaccurate digital elevation model (DEM), atmospheric delays and spatiotemporal decorrelation for an accurate estimation of temporal surface deformation. In this paper, a set of ascending and descending Sentinel-1 imageries spanning from March 2017 to June 2018 were acquired and processed by StaMPS-InSAR in order to investigate dynamic changes of permafrost in Wudaoliang Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results revealed that significant seasonal changes of permafrost, namely subsidence (thawing) in summer and uplift (freezing) in winter, can be observed throughout the Wudaoliang region. This study shows the StaMPS-InSAR analysis on Sentinel-1 datasets has great potential in regional permafrost investigation.     

Numerical study of the behavior of heated water discharged into the ocean

The effect of the earth's rotation on the behavior of heated water discharged from gigantic nuclear power plants was investigated numerically. It is shown that the effect is significant even for the existing scale of discharge. Horizontal spreading of the heated water is suppressed in offshoreward and northward directions (when heated water is discharged in an eastward direction from a westfacing coast in the northern hemisphere), but accelerated in the southward direction, and the shape of the formed warm water region becomes asymmetric. In this paper, several calculations were done using exaggerated Coriolis parameters (f) in order to demonstrate the effect of the earth's rotation. An increase off enhances above effect, but the situation of the inner region of the produced warm water mass is much different from that in the outer region near its margin. The southward expansion of surface isothermal contours in the inner region increases with an increase inf, but those in the outer region do not. This results in an increase of the sharpness of the front which is generated near the southern edge of the warm water region. We have not found simple parameters which describe the temperature and velocity distributions in the warm water mass produced.     

高光谱影像分类及组合分类器的应用

高光谱影像包含有丰富的地物类别信息,但由于受分类方法等因素的限制,这些信息并不能得到充分的挖掘。组合分类器由于可以实现各分类结果信息的互补,因而总有着较各单分类器效果更好的分类性能。将组合分类方法引入到高光谱影像的分类实践中,并对组合的关键问题一组合规则进行探讨,提出了混合组合规则的概念。实验表明,利用该组合分类方法对高光谱影像进行分类,可以得到良好的处理结果。     

Analysis of 1989/1990 main physical fields for air-sea coupled system in the tropical western Pacific

In this paper, the marine ship observation data sets in the seventh (October 16-December 4. 1989) and eighth (June 1-July 16, 1990) cruises of PRC -US tropical ocean and global atmosphere (TOGA) joint scientific investigation in the tropical western Pacific are used to analyze the elements such as sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind field, fluxes and net heat budget, which are important physical parameters of underlying earth's surface influencing the global mean circulation evolution on seasonal and interannual time scales. These diagnostic analyses are very beneficial to the understanding of the regional climate characteristics and the air-sea interaction mechanism, and the improving of surface flux parameterizations and regional or global climate model.     

基于ARIMA与LSTM的海岸带地面沉降预测方法

快速的地面沉降是一种地质灾害,它关系到社会的可持续发展,甚至威胁人类的生命财产安全。InSAR技术可以获取地表长时间、大范围的形变数据,可用于分析潜在的地面沉降问题,为预防地质灾害提供了一种可靠手段。如何基于InSAR数据对地面沉降进行预测,一直是研究人员关注的重点方向和难题。为此,本文在前人对地面沉降预测研究的基础上,提出了一种将差分移动平均自回归(ARIMA)模型与深度学习中的长短期记忆单元(LSTM)模型相结合的地面沉降预测方法,即利用InSAR得到的形变量数据与ARIMA模型预测结果作差,然后利用LSTM对该差值进行训练与预测。以杭州湾2017—2019年InSAR监测数据为例验证了该方法,结果表明,与传统的单一预测算法相比,本文方法的均方根误差至少减小了2.23 mm,平均绝对误差至少减小了0.98 mm,平均预测精度至少提升了15.19%,验证结果证实了本文方法的可行性,为地面沉降预警工作提供了新的思路和方法。     

日本海、鄂霍次克海和白令海的古海洋学研究进展

边缘海的存在使大陆和大洋之间的物质和能量交换变得相当复杂。在构造运动和海平面升降的控制下,边缘海和大洋之间时而连通时而隔绝,各种古气候变化信号都在一定程度上被放大。基于近期有关西北太平洋边缘海的古海洋学研究成果,简要概述了日本海、鄂霍次克海、白令海以及北太平洋地区自中新世以来的古气候和古海洋环境演化特征,并认为它们与全球其它地区一样也受控于因地球轨道参数变化引起的太阳辐射率的变化,大尺度的气候变化具有与地球轨道偏心率周期相对应的100ka周期,而41ka的小尺度周期则受地球自转轴斜率变化的控制。一些突发性的气候变化则是由气候不稳定性、海峡的关闭与开启和其它一些地球气候系统的非线性活动所驱动。但同时作为中高纬度边缘海,它们的古海平面、古海水温度、古洋流等古海洋环境因子的变化特征还受到冰盖扩张和退缩、构造运动、冰川性地壳均衡补偿、东亚季风等因素的影响,具有一定的区域特点。