北京西山侏罗纪盆地演化及其构造意义

沉积盆地的形貌、充填及变形受区域大地构造的影响和控制.北京西山侏罗纪盆地是在三叠纪末开阔谷地的基础上发展起来的.三叠纪末或早侏罗世初,开阔的谷底沉积了山间河流相的杏石口组.早侏罗世中期,盆地被溢流和喷发的南大岭组玄武安山岩充填.北京西山侏罗纪盆地早期沉积是恢复其原型盆地的重要依据.中侏罗世早期是全区重要的成煤期,下窑坡组为湖泊-三角洲及沼泽相.中侏罗世中期,北京西山盆地逐渐封闭,上窑坡组上部沉积已经在宁静中孕育着风暴.中侏罗世中-晚期,燕山运动主幕强烈爆发,盆地在接受了龙门组粗碎屑快速充填后,开始在九龙山期分化,盆地沉积中心向北辽移,在晚侏罗世期间消亡.北京西山侏罗纪盆地的演化及其变形的动力学背景与西伯利亚地块和华北地块在中-晚侏罗世的碰撞拼合密切相关.     

中国西北地区侏罗纪原型盆地与演化特征

西北地区各板块于古生代末－三叠纪初连为一体,形成了造山带围绕稳定地块的构造格局,为侏罗纪盆地的发生发展奠定了基础。早－中株罗世时,西北地区整体上处于伸展构造环境,它是南方特提斯洋板块两次俯冲挤压运动之间应力松弛的产物,西北地区的侏罗纪盆地经历了两期盆地类型的发育和叠加,中株罗世西山窑结束时的中燕山运动是盆地类型的转型期,早期为伸展型断兀盆地,晚期为挤压型坳陷盆地,根据盆地的力学性质,几何形态,大地     

大青山地区侏罗纪陆相沉积盆地形成、迁移及演化规律

恢复了大青山地区侏罗纪盆地的原形，并对盆地的迁移，演化规律和阶段进行了详细研究，提出石拐－老道沟株罗纪盆地是早侏罗世晚期在古生代地层岩片与北部变质岩岩片之间发育起来的东西向延展的带状盆地。古地形表现北高南低，西高东低；中侏罗世盆地范围达最大，中株罗世末期的一次燕山构造运动，使盆地的性质发生了明显的改变，由早，中株罗世的弱拉伸构造环境转变为晚侏罗世的挤压构造环境，古气候由温暖潮湿气候变为干旱气候，晚侏罗世末期，随着大规模的逆冲推覆构造的发育而结束盆地的演化历史。     

柴达木北缘中生代盆地的成因类型及构造沉积演化

柴达木盆地是我国西部一个大型中新生代陆相含油气盆地。其剖面结构、构造样式、沉积特征、基底沉降、古地温等表明中生代盆地的性质应为挤压环境下经过多次幕式逆冲形成的、也祁连造山带有关的叠置前陆盆地，经历了早株罗世的破裂前陆盆地和中株罗世之后的类前陆盆地的演化过程。柴达缘中生代沉积充填由构造层序I（早株罗世）、构造层序Ⅱ（中侏罗世）和构造层序Ⅲ（晚侏罗世）三个完整的构造层序构成，由粗到细多个沉积旋回代表了逆冲加载过程中由活动期到平静期的转化过程。随着逆冲活动的加强和频率加快，构造层序Ⅳ（白垩纪）只经历逆冲活动期，是不完整的构造层序，发育补偿和过补偿沉积，盆地逐渐萎缩。     

吐哈盆地西山窑组第二段岩相古地理和聚煤作用

吐哈盆地烃源岩主要是早朱罗世八弯组和中侏罗世西山窑组的煤和碳质泥岩。本文对该盆地主要含煤段－西山窑组第二段沉积期岩相古地理进行了分析，编制了各种图件，总结出该期岩相古地理特征并分析了聚煤作用的控制因素。     

辽西地区中生代盆地构造演化

辽西地区为华北地台北缘阴山－燕山造山带的东延部分，中生代发育火山－碎屑岩沉积盆地。盆地地质分析表明，该区在早白垩世早期之前发育的沉积盆地为挤压型盆地，早白垩世中期以后属伸展断陷盆地。根据沉积－构造分析，该区中生代盆地构造演化可划分为5个构造演化阶段；（1）早三叠世－－早侏罗世；（2）早侏罗世－中侏罗世；（3）中侏罗世－晚侏罗世；（4）早白垩世早期；（5）早白垩世中期－晚白垩世。     

粤中地区晚三叠世——早株罗世地层划分新认识

粤中地区晚三叠世－早株罗世岩石地层，自下而上为小坪组、金鸡组和桥源组，它们在区域上分布稳定，具有可填图性。小坪组的沉积演化序列与粤北的艮口群相似，其中含双壳类组合，介形虫组合和植物组合，地层时代属于晚三叠世卡尼期－诺得期，金鸡组中，凌云山段含介形虫组合，石塘段含菊石带、双壳类组合，地质时代属于早株罗世。凌云山段与下小伏小坪组马安段呈平行不整合接触，三叠系与株罗系的分界宜划在凌云山段之底。     

鄂尔多斯盆地早株罗世岩相古地理

采用单因素分析综合作图法，综合大地构造和单剖面相分析，从定量化角度对鄂尔多斯盆地早株罗世富县组岩相古地理进行了研究，认为三叠纪末印支运动使鄂尔多斯盆地抬升，遭受剥蚀，形成起伏不平地势。侏罗纪早期，在相对低凹地区接受沉积，形成了以剥蚀，残积相为主体，冲积，湖沼相为辅的古地理景观，在这一背景上，大面积发育了中株罗世沉积。     

江汉盆地反转构造地球物理特征及盆地演化

江汉盆地自加里工至印支期接受肫一套较为稳定的台地相为主的碳酸直岩沉积，侏罗纪末至燕山早－中期经受区域挤压，发生褶皱和逆冲；燕山晚期至喜马拉雅早－中 生伸展作用，形成负反转构造；随后分地进入坳隐期，沉积了广华寺组和平原组，期间发生过局部的褶皱隆升，形成正反转构造。     

冀北承德地区晚侏罗世盆地充填记录及其构造含义

冀北承德盆地由晚侏罗世早期髫髻山组和晚侏罗世中期至早白垩世早期土城子组地层组成。盆地充填的土城子组沉积学特征显示盆地北区沉积过程受控于北部的丰宁—隆化断裂带的构造活动,盆地南区受南缘承德县断裂和吉余庆断裂的构造作用控制。土城子期承德盆地快速充填过程是该时期区域较强烈的一次板内变形幕的反映。这一陆内变形幕起始于土城子组,结束于土城子组沉积期末,并使承德盆地形成了一个不对称向斜褶皱。早白垩世张家口组底部火山岩下的不整合(135±1 Ma)制约了这一时代上限。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.