山东莱西山后金矿床流体包裹体特征

根据山后金矿床的矿物组合和矿物生成顺序,将成矿阶段划分为4个阶段:黄铁矿-石英(钾化)阶段、石英—黄铁矿(绢英岩化)阶段、金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对区内主成矿阶段的石英中流体包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温及氢氧同位素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中的包裹体主要有含CO2三相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和CO2包裹体三种类型,矿石中的包裹体普遍富含CO2。成矿过程中,流体经历了CO2-H2O—Na Cl体系的不混溶作用。成矿流体具有低盐度(4.0~9.0 wt%Na Cl.eqv)和低密度(0.70~0.89 g/cm3)的特点。主成矿温度为260℃~300℃,成矿压力为83~100 MPa,对应成矿深度为7.45~8.25 km。流体包裹体氢氧同位素分析结果介于地幔初生水和岩浆水之间,部分向大气降水线方向漂移,表明山后金矿成矿流体以幔源流体为主,并有大气降水和其他流体的加入,初步确定山后金矿床是受断裂构造控制的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

Magmatic Nature of Mineralizing Fluids in the Solnechnoye Sn Deposit (Russia) Deduced from Isotopic (H,O) Compositions of Tourmaline

In this paper, we present new isotopic (H, O) data of fluids in tourmalines from the large Sn deposit at Solnechnoye (Far East Russia). These data indicate that the deposit formed by fluid‐rock interactions in a hydrothermal system where the mineralizing fluid was mainly magmatic and to a lesser extent meteoric. This is in agreement with a magmatic fluid model. Our interpretation of the new isotopic data is consistent with earlier findings of the studies on fluid‐rock interactions that magmatic fluids form larger Sn deposits than exogenic fluids. We propose that isotopic (H, O) data of fluids in tourmaline, rather than those in quartz, muscovite, or chlorite, support robust interpretation on the nature of mineralizing fluids associated with Sn deposits.     

Impurity Elements in Quartz from Gold Deposits of the Darasun Ore Field (Eastern Transbaikalia,Russia): Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Data

The distribution of substitutional Al, Ti, and Ge impurities in quartz samples from the Darasun, Teremkinskoe, and Talatui gold deposits, located in the Darasun ore field, were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. The relationship between the isomorphous substitution and dynamic recrystallization of quartz was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that analysis of the plots of interdependence between the concentrations of various substitutional impurities in quartz (isogens) can detect development trends of isomorphous substitution. Two isomorphous substitution stages were recognized, one associated with quartz crystallization, and the other, with its subsequent dynamic recrystallization. The first stage is characterized by incorporation of Al impurity into the quartz crystal lattice, and the second, by incorporation Ti impurity. A Ge impurity is a catalyst for isomorphous substitution, and its concentrations vary widely. It is noted that the second stage plays a decisive role, because it accounts for the incorporation of the larger part of substitutional impurities. This process is facilitated by the dynamic recrystallization of quartz. Four genetic quartz groups, described by individual isogens, have been recognized in the Darasun ore field. Two of them correspond to quartz crystallized directly from a magmatogenic fluid or redeposited with the melt’s participation, and the other two groups, to quartz crystallized from an altered fluid. It was found that substitutional Al concentrations are retained in quartz after redeposition, whereas substitutional Ti concentrations decrease dramatically Mineral formation processes at each gold deposit are reviewed. Two types of temperature zoning, normal and reverse, have been recognized at the Darasun deposit. Each is characterized by an individual genetic quartz group and the degree of closedness of the mineral formation system. The genetically similar magmatogenic quartz samples found at the Darasun and Talatui deposits indicate the uniformity of the mineralization process in the Darasun ore field. The established trends of isomorphous substitution in quartz are useful in studies of the ore formation histories of gold and other ore deposits.

     

Petrology,Geochemistry, and Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry of Sphalerite from the Laloki and Federal Flag Strata‐Bound Massive Sulfide Deposits,Papua New Guinea: Implications for Gold Mineralization

The Laloki and Federal Flag deposits are two of the many (over 45) polymetallic massive sulfide deposits that occur in the Astrolabe Mineral Field, Papua New Guinea. New data of the mineralogical compositions, mineral textures, and fluid inclusion studies on sphalerite from Laloki and Federal Flag deposits were investigated to clarify physiochemical conditions of the mineralization at both deposits. The two deposits are located about 2 km apart and they are stratigraphically hosted by siliceous to carbonaceous claystone and rare gray chert of Paleocene–Eocene age. Massive sulfide ore and host rock samples were collected from each deposit for mineralogical, geochemical, and fluid inclusion studies. Mineralization at the Laloki deposit consists of early‐stage massive sulfide mineralization (sphalerite‐barite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite–marcasite) and late‐stage brecciation and remobilization of early‐stage massive sulfides that was accompanied by late‐stage sphalerite mineralization. Occurrence of native gold blebs in early‐stage massive pyrite–marcasite‐chalcopyrite ore with the association of pyrrhotite‐hematite and abundant planktonic foraminifera remnants was due to reduction of hydrothermal fluids by the reaction with organic‐rich sediments and seawater mixing. Precipitation of fine‐grained gold blebs in late‐stage Fe‐rich sphalerite resulted from low temperature and higher salinity ore fluids in sulfur reducing conditions. In contrast, the massive sulfide ores from the Federal Flag deposit contain Fe‐rich sphalerite and subordinate sulfarsenides. Native gold blebs occur as inclusions in Fe‐rich sphalerite, along sphalerite grain boundaries, and in the siliceous‐hematitic matrix. Such occurrences of native gold suggest that gold was initially precipitated from high‐temperature, moderate to highly reduced, low‐sulfur ore fluids. Concentrations of Au and Ag from both Laloki and Federal Flag deposits were within the range (<10 ppm Au and <100 ppm Ag) of massive sulfides at a mid‐ocean ridge setting rather than typical arc‐type massive sulfides. The complex relationship between FeS contents in sphalerite and gold grades of both deposits is probably due to the initial deposition of gold on the seafloor that may have been controlled by factors such as Au complexes, pH, and fO₂ in combination with temperature and sulfur fugacity.     

电气石——成岩成矿作用的灵敏示踪剂

本文详细论述了电气石的化学组成（主化学元素、微量元素和稀土元素）和同位素组成Ｈ、Ｏ、Ｂ、Ｓｉ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ、ｐｂ／ｐｂ和Ｋ／Ａｒ）特征,提出电气石可以作为研究成岩成矿作用的一个灵敏示踪剂。利用电气石的主化学元素和微量、稀土元素组成,可以有效指示其形成的物理化学环境,还可以作为一种有用的找矿标志,指标矿化的存在,并可能用于区分矿化类型和矿体规模。电气石的稳定同位素和放射性同位素研究,已经用     

辽东林家三道沟-小佟家堡子地区金（银）矿成矿特征及成因

以林家三道沟、小佟家堡子金（银）矿床为例,系统总结了区内金（银）矿床的成矿条件及地质特征,对矿床的相关岩体、围岩及矿石进行了流体包裹体、稳定同位素测试分析。结果表明：矿床赋存于古元古界辽河群大石桥亚群杨树沟岩组第6岩段碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造和盖县亚群汤家沟岩组碎屑岩建造中;主要容矿岩石为硅化大理岩、变粒岩、片岩;近矿围岩蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化和碳酸盐化;自然金的粒度以显微不可见金为主;均一温度（100～200 ℃）、成矿流体盐度（w（NaCl）（1.91 % ～9.73%）均较低;矿石石英中成矿流体δD值为-48.0‰～-93.0‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O计算值为-8.63‰～+1.31‰,表明成矿流体主要来自于地热水和原生地层水;矿石硫同位素δ³⁴S值平均为+8.61‰,赋矿围岩、岩体δ³⁴S为＋0.50‰～＋7.6‰,表明矿石中硫主要来自古元古代地层和印支晚期岩体;金（银）矿石中²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.664～19.186 7,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.044～15.883,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为37.693～38.784,铅源具有壳幔混合源特点。矿床成因类型为沉积变质-岩浆热液叠加型。     

Malinovka deposit—A new type of gold mineralization in Primorye,Russia: Geology,mineralogy, and genesis

Original data on the ore composition are obtained by studying samples from mining workings. In terms of mineral composition, gold-productive veinlets are subdivided into three types: sulfide–quartz, sulfide–carbonate–quartz, and sulfide. The wall-rock metasomatites and typomorphic features of the minerals are studied and the genetic problems of the ores and deposit are discussed. It is established that the Malinovka deposit is ascribed to the gold–tourmaline type (gold–quartz formation), which is identified for the first time in Primorye. In terms of many parameters, the ores of this type are close to those of the large deposits from the Transbaikalian and Amur regions (Klyuchevsky, Kariy, Kirov, Darasun, and others), which are genetically related to granitoid magmatism.     

Age of granodiorite porphyry and beresite from the Darasun gold field,eastern Transbaikal region,Russia

The Darasun ore field situated in the southern West Stanovoi Terrane near the Mongolia-Okhotsk Suture comprises the Darasun (>100 t Au), Talatui (～38.2 t Au), and Teremki (3 t Au) lode gold deposits. In the opinion of many researchers, the Darasun deposit is spatially and paragenetically linked to granodiorite porphyry of the Amudzhikan Complex and related metasomatic rocks (beresites). Whole-rock samples of granodiorite porphyry, monomineralic fractions of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite, as well as sericite from beresite (26 samples in total), were analyzed by the Rb-Sr method. Eight biotite and sericite samples were analyzed by the K-Ar method. The Rb-Sr mineral isochrons obtained for individual granodiorite porphyry samples yielded initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios varying from 0.70560 to 0.70591. The consistent results of both methods allowed us to accept the ages of granodiorite porphyry and beresite as 160.5 ± 0.4 and 159.6 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively. The age of granodiorite porphyry of the Amudzhikan Complex of 160.5 ± 0.4 Ma corresponds to the boundary between the Early and Middle Jurassic and marks the completion of collision between the East Siberian and Mongolia-China continents and related orogeny. Since that time, the eastern Transbaikal region has been involved in the postorogenic (within-plate) stage of evolution, characterized by the formation of large gold, uranium, and other ore deposits.     

墨江金矿成矿流体的形成演化机制

笔者利用矿物流体包裹体、稳定同位素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学等手段，研究了墨江金矿成矿流体的地球化学特征，成矿物质来源和形成演化机制。研究结果表明，墨江金矿为中低温热液金矿床，成矿流体属于中性－弱碱性的钠质溶液，其中的水为大气降和岩浆水混合成因，矿化剂主要来源于深部，金主要来源于海西期超基性岩和志留系金厂组浅变质岩。     

LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of pyrite from the Xiaoqinling gold district, China: Implications for ore genesis

The Xiaoqinling district, the second largest gold producing district in China, is located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. It consists of three ore belts, namely, the northern ore belt, the middle ore belt and the southern ore belt. Pyrite from the Dahu gold deposit in the northern ore belt and Wenyu and Yinxin gold deposits in the southern ore belt were investigated using a combination of ore microscopy and in-situ laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A range of trace elements was analyzed, including Au, Te, Ag, Pb, Bi, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, Hg, As and Si. The results show that there are no systematic differences between the trace element compositions of pyrite in the three deposits from different ore belts. In general, Au concentrations in pyrite are low (from < 0.01 ppm to 2.2 ppm) but Ni concentrations are rather high (up to 8425 ppm). A four-stage mineralization process is indicated by microscopic and field observations and this can be related to the systematic trace element differences between distinct generations of pyrite. Stage I precedes the main gold mineralization stage; pyrite of this stage has the lowest Au concentrations. Stages II and III contributed most of the gold to the ore-forming system. The corresponding pyrite yielded the highest concentrations of Au and Ni. Our microscopic observations suggest that pyrite in the main gold mineralization stage precipitated simultaneously with molybdenite that has been previously dated as Indosinian (~ 218 Ma by Re–Os molybdenite dating), indicating the Indosinian as the main gold mineralization stage. The Indosinian mineralization age and the geological and geochemical features of these gold deposits (e.g., low salinity, CO₂-rich ore fluids; spatial association with large-scale compressional structures of the Qinling orogen; δ¹⁸O and δD data suggestive of mixing between metamorphic and meteoric waters; δ³⁴S and Pb-isotopic data that point to a mixed crustal-mantle source) all point to typical orogenic-type gold deposits. High Ni concentrations (up to 8425 ppm) of pyrite possibly linked to deep-seated mafic/ultramafic metamorphic rocks provide further evidence on the orogenic gold deposit affinity, but against the model of a granitic derivation of the mineralizing fluid as previously suggested by some workers. Generally low Au concentration in pyrite is also consistent with those from worldwide orogenic gold deposits. Therefore, the gold mineralization in the Xiaoqinling district is described as orogenic type, and is probably related to Indosinian collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.     

西秦岭凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床地质地球化学特征

西秦岭凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床位于八卦庙造山型金矿床西侧5km左右,是一个新探明的剪切带型金矿。其成矿作用过程可分为早期石英-绢云母-硫化物阶段、中期多金属-硫化物阶段和晚期碳酸盐阶段。对早、中期的石英流体包裹体测试结果表明,丝毛岭金矿床成矿流体以富CO2、中温、低盐度为特征,总体上属于中温低盐度CO2-H2O体系,流体包裹体类型的多样性是流体不混溶性的产物。从早阶段到主成矿阶段成矿流体的温度、压力和盐度均有降低,硫逸度增高,有利于金的沉淀富集。H、O、S、C同位素研究结果,以及与八卦庙金矿床的对比分析表明,二者的成矿流体具有相似性和同源性,都是以深部来源为主的多源流体。由于丝毛岭金矿床产出的层位高于八卦庙金矿床,其成矿环境相对开放。     

贵州丫他卡林型金矿床流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义

黔西南丫他金矿床是典型的沉积岩容矿的微细浸染型金矿床。从流体包裹体的角度,探讨了丫他金矿床成矿的温度压力条件和流体演化。各阶段石英、雄黄的流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明:主成矿阶段包裹体主要类型有H2O、CO2和CO2-H2O包裹体,流体包裹体组合呈现CO2-H2O不混溶的特征,晚成矿阶段包裹体类型主要为H2O包裹体;从主成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,流体包裹体均一温度由139～268℃变化至121～194℃,盐度由2.9%～7.4%变化至2.7%～6.6%。根据共存CO2包裹体和H2O包裹体的等容线计算法,还原主成矿期包裹体捕获温度为260～294℃,捕获压力为59～98 MPa。对比不同类型金矿床中的富CO2流体特征,指出黔西南卡林型金矿床中存在的富CO2流体可能在金的搬运过程中起到一定的作用,CO2-H2O相分离可能是导致矿质沉淀的主要原因。     

The Kiloton Class Jiaojia Gold Deposit in Eastern Shandong Province and Its Genesis

The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large gold deposit. This deposit covers an area of ~40 km2, and shows a structural control by the Jiaojia fault and its secondary faults. Gold orebodies generally occur along the same mineralization-alteration belt, and the main orebodies intersect with each other or exhibit a parallel or overlapping distribution. This deposit's reserves are estimated to be 1, 200t of gold, being the first gold deposit of more than 1000t gold reserves in China. The No. I-1 orebody in the Shaling-deep Sizhuang ore blocks holds gold reserves greater than 350 t, or 29 percent of the total reserves, followed by the No. I orebody in Matang-Jiaojia ore blocks with exceeding 150t gold reserves. This deposit mainly occurs in the footwall of the Jiaojia fault, and presents zoned patterns in mineralization, alteration and structures. The strongly mineralized zones agree with strongly altered and tectonically fractured zones. These orebodies display strataform-like, veinlike or lenticular shapes, and generally show characteristics of pinching out and reappearing, branching and converging, expanding and shrinking. The orebodies commonly occur along positions where the fault strike changes and in gentle locations with dips changing from steep to gentle. The main orebodies are parallel to the main plane of the orecontrolling fault, and tend to be gentle from the surface to the deep. The orebodies mainly plunge to the southwest, with plunge angle of 45°–60°. Orebodies near the main plane of the ore-controlling fault have more gold resource than those away from main fault zone. The slant depth of orebodies is generally larger than the length along its strike direction; orebodies become thick and gold grades become low from the shallow area to the deep area. Ore-forming fluids are H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 type with medium-temperature and moderate to low salinity. Sulfur isotopic values(δ34SCDT) for gold ores range between 11.08‰ and 12.58‰, indicating mixed sulfur sources; hydrogen isotopic values(δDVSMOW) range from-83.68‰ to-116.95‰ and oxygen isotopic values(δ18OV-SMOW) range between 12.04‰ and 16.28‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluids originated from primary magma, and mixing with a large amount of atmospheric water during the late stage. The Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits are associated with magmatic activities which have mantlecrust-mixed source, and also share some similarities with orgenic and epithermal hydrothermal gold deposits. Because Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits with unique metallogenic features and formation setting which are different from other gold deposit types in the world, we call it the Jiaojiatype gold deposits. The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit is related to fluid activities, extension and detachment resulted from thermal upwelling of magmas. The strong magmatic activities in the middle to late stage of early Cretaceous in Eastern Shandong Province lead to active fluids, and provided abundant ore-forming materials for gold depsoits. Moreover, many extensional structures resulting from crustal extension provided favourable space for orebody positioning.     

Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China:Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions

The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from 2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18O SMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181℃, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2+(Na+, K+)-SO42-(F-, Cl-)-H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.     

Thermodynamic Modelling of Ore-Forming Mechanism of the Changkeng Gold-Silver Deposits in Guangdong Province

The Changkeng gold-silver deposits consist of a sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposit and a replacement-type silver deposit. The mineralizations of gold and silver are zoned and closely related to the silicification of carbonate and clastic rocks, so that siliceous ores dominate in the deposit. The mineralizing temperature ranges mainly from 300 to 170℃, and K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- are the major ions in the ore-forming fluid. Calculations of distribution of metal complexes show that gold is mainly transported by hydrosulphide complexes, but chloride complexes of silver, iron, lead, and zinc, which are transformed into hydroxyl and hydrosulphide complexes under neutral to weak-alkaline circumstances in the late stage, predominate in the ore-forming solutions. Water-rock interaction is confirmed to be the effective mechanism for the formation of silver ores by computer modelling of reaction of hydrothermal solution with carbonate rocks. The solubility analyses demonstrate that the precipitation     

Porphyry Cu–Au–Mo–epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn–distal hydrothermal Au deposits in the Dexing area, Jiangxi province, East China—A linked ore system

Based on previous studies and detailed field investigations of the Dexing porphyry copper deposit, the Yinshan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit and the Jinshan shear zone – hosted gold deposit in the Dele Jurassic volcanic basin, in the northeastern Jiangxi province, East China, we propose that the three deposits share spatial, temporal and genetic relationships and belong to the same metallogenic system. Dexing is a typical porphyry Cu–Au–Mo deposit in which both ore-forming fluid and metals are derived from the granite porphyry. The Yinshan deposit consists of a porphyry copper ore located in the cupola of a quartz porphyry stock, in the lower part, and Ag–Pb–Zn ore veins in the upper part. The hydrothermal fluids were mainly derived from the magma in the early stages of the mineralizing event and became mixed with meteoric waters in the late stages. Its ore metals are magma-derived. Both the Jinshan base metal veins and the Hamashi, Dongjie and Naikeng quartz vein-type gold deposit are hosted by brittle–ductile structures, which are distal in relation to the porphyry intrusions and were formed by mixed magmatic fluids and meteoric water, whereas the gold was mainly leached from the country rocks (Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group phyllite and schist). The deposits show a distinct spatial arrangement from porphyry Cu, to epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn and distal Au. We suggest a porphyry–epithermal–distal vein ore system model for this group of genetically related mineral deposits. They were formed in a back-arc setting in a Middle Jurassic active continental margin, with magmas derived from the subducted slab.     

Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids of Mississippi Valley-Type （MVT） Pb-Zn Deposits in Kangdian Area, China

Analyses of fluid-inclusion leachates from ore deposits show that Na/Br ratios are within the range of 75 - 358 and Cl/Br 67 - 394, respectively, and this variation trend coincides with the seawater evaporation trajectory on the basis of the Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios. The average Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of mineralizing fluids are 185 and 173 respectively, which are very close to the ratios ( 120 and 233 ) of the residual evaporated seawater past the point of halite precipitation. It is suggested that the original mineralizing brine was derived from highly evapo-rated seawater with a high salinity. However, the inclusion fluids have absolute Na values of 69.9—2606.2 mmol kg^-1 and Cl values of 106.7 — 1995.5 mmol kg^-1. Most of the values are much less than those of seawater: Na, 485 mmol kg^-1 and Cl, 566 mmol kg^-1 , respectively; the salinity measured from fluid inclusions of the deposits ranges from 2.47 wt% to 15.78 wt% NaCl equiv. The mineralizing brine has been diluted. The δ ^18O and δD values of ore-forming fluids vary from -8.21‰ to 9.51‰ and from -40.3‰ to -94.3‰, respectively. The δD values of meteoric water in this region varied from - 80‰ to - 100‰ during the Jurassic. This evidenced that the ore-forming fluids are the mixture of seawater and meteoric water. Highly evaporated seawater was responsible for leaching and extracting Pb, Zn and Fe, and mixed with and diluted by descending meteoric water, which resulted in the formation of ores.     

东坪金矿主要地质特征及控矿条件

东坪金矿产于水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体与太古宇桑干群变质岩之内接触带,矿石工业类型为石英脉和蚀变岩型,以前者为主.矿脉带走向为NNE,主要载金矿物为石英、黄铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铜矿和碲金矿,金成色937~990,矿化蚀变主要是钾长石化和硅化;肉红色钾长石化是东坪金矿乃至赋存于水泉沟杂岩体中所有金矿的典型特征.矿化共分5个阶段,其中第2、3两个阶段,即镜铁矿-自然金-石英阶段和多金属硫化物-自然金-石英阶段为主要成矿阶段.水泉沟杂岩体在东坪金矿成矿过程中,不仅提供了热动力,而且提供了成矿物质和矿化剂;太古宙桑干群涧沟河组提供了部分成矿物质,近E-W向尚义-崇礼-赤诚深大断裂控制了水泉沟金矿田的产出,而NNE和NW向两组裂隙则控制了东坪金矿矿体的产出.     

李坝式金矿床成矿作用及矿床类型探讨

李坝式金矿床成矿作用过程分为成矿元素初始富集期和构造叠加热液改造成矿期，岩浆活动主号是通过改变矿床地质体物化条件而促进矿化体的形成，并有部分岩浆物质参与成矿。该矿床与国内外经典卡林型金矿床具有较大的可比性，但是由于缺乏低温矿物组合以及与岩浆活动的亲密性证据，该矿床应属广义上的卡林型金矿床。     

Regional Metallogenesis of the Chang’an Gold Ore Deposit in Western Yunnan: Evidences from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

<正>The Chang'an gold ore deposit in western Yunnan is located at the southern segment of the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt.The ore bodies are preserved in fractured Ordovician sedimentary clastic rocks.The gold-bearing minerals occur dominantly in sulfide-quartz veins.Fluid inclusion analysis shows that the Chang'an gold ore deposit is characterized by epithermal gold mineralization at temperatures between 200℃and 280℃at a shallow crustal level.The mineralizing fluids have intermediate to low salinity(6%-18%) and low densities(0.72-1.27 g/cm~3).The ore minerals haveδ~(34)S in a range from -13‰to 3.57‰,concentrated from -2.06‰to 3.57‰with an average of 1.55‰.The ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb values are 18.9977-19.5748,15.7093-15.784,39.3814-40.2004 respectively.These isotope data suggest that the ore-forming elements were mainly derived from mixed crustal and mantle sources.The Chang'an gold ore deposit and Tongchang Cu-Mo deposit are closely related to each other in their spatial distribution and age of formation.They have similar sources of mineralizing elements and identical ore-forming metal elements,and show a close relationship in physical and chemical conditions of mineralization.The two deposits constitute an epithermal-porphyry -skarn type Cu-Mo-Au mineralization system in the Tongchang-Chang'an area,which is related to the Cenozoic high-K alkaline magmatism.