PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料研究进展及其应用

总结分析了PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料的研究进展,并对其应用进行综述。采用熔融插层、悬浮聚合及乳液聚合等方法可以制备PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料,并被应用到工程材料、阻隔性材料、功能性材料等领域。PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料与传统的复合材料相比,表现出了更优越的综合性能,且比传统的复合材料轻,具有高强度、高模量、高耐热性、低吸湿性、高尺寸稳定性、阻隔性能好,性能全而超过了PVC树脂。PVC/蒙脱石(粘)土纳米复合材料不仅具有良好的加工性能,与普通的玻璃纤维增强和矿物增强PVC相比,具有密度低、耐磨性好、综合性能优等特性。     

成都盆地红土沉积物中黏土矿物的特征及其古气候指示意义

成都盆地位于长江上游二级阶梯向一级阶梯的过渡地带,地理位置特殊,并且广布第四纪红土沉积。为研究成都盆地中黏土矿物的特征及其成因意义,采用X射线衍射(XRD)测试技术,对胜利剖面沉积物中黏土矿物的矿物学特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,成都盆地胜利剖面沉积物中的黏土矿物主要有伊利石、高岭石、蛭石、蒙脱石以及少量伊利石-蒙脱石混层黏土矿物和高岭石-蒙脱石混层黏土矿物。根据黏土矿物组合含量的变化特征,可以将成都盆地第四纪早更新世中晚期以来的气候环境演化划分为4个阶段,先后经历了湿热-温凉-温湿-干冷2个周期性的气候旋回,黏土矿物含量变化的总趋势与土壤沉积物的CIA指数共同揭示了研究区第四纪以来的气候有逐渐干冷的趋势,这与全球性的第四纪气候尤其是中国区域内的第四纪气候环境变化相一致。      

针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸行为与热力学研究

采用批量振荡吸附平衡法设计针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸试验,对比研究了针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸行为,并考察了不同K+浓度的溶液对蒙脱石吸附菲的影响,比较分析了线性吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型描述矿物吸附等温线的准确性,并从吸附热力学角度探讨了矿物的吸附机理。结果表明:针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸均表现出明显的非线性和解吸滞后现象;相对于线性吸附模型来说,针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸更符合Freundlich吸附模型;与蒙脱石相比,针铁矿对菲的吸附更为显著,且具有更好的稳定性;溶液中软阳离子K+的存在使蒙脱石对菲的吸附能力得到显著提高;菲在蒙脱石和针铁矿上的吸附过程是一个自发放热,同时伴随着熵值减小的过程;随着温度的升高,蒙脱石和针铁矿对菲的吸附能力均减弱。     

页岩黏土矿物CH_4/CO_2吸附规律的分子模拟

CH4和CO2在页岩黏土矿物中的吸附行为对页岩气的开采和CO2的封存具有重要意义。选取黏土矿物的主要成分蒙脱石为研究对象,构建层状裂缝型孔隙的分子模型,采用巨正则系综蒙特卡洛(GCMC)方法和分子动力学(MD)方法,在不同压力、不同温度条件下,研究不同狭缝孔隙宽度CH4和CO2气体的吸附行为,同时分析离子交换结构对吸附的影响。结果表明:CH4吸附符合Langmuir吸附规律,可以采用Langmuir方程进行拟合。随着温度的升高两种气体吸附量减小,随着压力的增大而增大;蒙脱石的离子交换结构对CH4的吸附影响较小,但促进对CO2的吸附;不同的狭缝孔隙宽度对应CH4和CO2的赋存状态不同,蒙脱石的离子交换结构影响CO2的赋存状态;平均作用势说明吸附层中分子间结合能力大于游离层,吸附态是CH4和CO2在蒙脱石狭缝中的主要赋存形式之一。基于CH4和CO2在页岩黏土矿物中的吸附规律,可为页岩气的勘探开发提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陆相页岩孔隙演化特征——以长7油层组为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段长7油层组陆相页岩为对象,基于X线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、等温吸附、物性测试及岩石热解等实验,研究陆相页岩孔隙演化特征。结果表明:研究区页岩孔隙直径和黏土矿物演化程度呈正相关关系,演化程度越高,黏土矿物平均孔径越大;随着矿物演化程度的增加,蒙脱石逐渐向伊利石转化,转化过程中,蒙脱石层间水分子的逐渐排出引起页岩储层孔隙度增加,且在层间形成微孔隙和微裂隙;伊/蒙混层从无序状态变为有序状态,大量脱出层间水,而层间水变为自由水进入页岩固有的孔隙空间,并在地层压实作用下使页岩孔隙体积增大。页岩有机质生烃对孔隙有保护作用,成岩后期压实作用使页岩孔隙减小,但随着地层温度和压力达到页岩生油窗,有机质生烃作用生成的部分油气进入之前的孔隙,增加孔隙内部压力,减缓压实作用下孔隙体积的降低。     

抗旱保水剂膨润土-聚丙烯酸盐吸水树脂研究

利用丙烯酸盐在蒙脱石层间进行原位聚合，研究开发一种适用于农林业的抗旱保水剂。实验结果表明：聚合产物的综合性能较为理想，吸水树脂的保水作用主要体现在能够吸收大量的水，并且在压力下不脱水。     

广西宁明膨润土矿石特征及应用试验研究

文章介绍了宁明膨润土矿石特征及其应用试验,指出矿石中蒙脱石含量偏低,矿物粒度微细,矿石属性较齐全,并具有优异的膨胀分散性能.初步应用试验结果表明,在铸造型砂和冶金球团应用效果良好;采用湿法提纯,能有效提高原矿的蒙脱石含量,为今后开发高附加值的深加工产品提供了途径.     

纳米珍珠层粉的制备

以海水珍珠层粉为原料 ,用行星式球磨机制备纳米珍珠层粉 ,对所得珍珠层粉采用扫描电镜法进行检测和X射线衍射分析。结果表明 ,所得珍珠层粉实现了纳米化 ,其颗粒大小为 4 5～ 6 5nm。     

铵伊利石的矿物学特征及热稳定性

伊利石是地壳中常见的层状硅酸盐矿物。当NH⁺₄赋存在伊利石层间时,可形成铵伊利石。探明铵伊利石的矿物学特征和层间NH⁺₄的热稳定性可为理解氮(N)的地球化学循环提供重要依据。通过多种谱学、电子显微学和热分析手段,并以伊利石(层间阳离子为K⁺)为参照,对山西省阳泉市新景矿煤层夹矸中铵伊利石的矿物学特征和热稳定性进行研究。结果表明：铵伊利石中NH⁺₄占层间阳离子总数的比例约为0.86,铵伊利石的基面间距(10.344?)明显大于伊利石(9.973?);同时,铵伊利石的(002)∶(003)衍射峰强度比值约为1∶1,而伊利石的相应衍射峰强度比值约为1∶3;铵伊利石四面体中广泛存在Al³⁺对Si⁴⁺的类质同象置换(Al³⁺→Si⁴⁺),其层电荷密度约为0.85;层间NH⁺₄的存在未对伊利石的层状硅酸盐结构骨架造成...     

新型壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物的合成与表征

采用甲磺酸作为溶剂兼作氨基保护试剂,对壳聚糖上的羟基选择性酯化,再游离出氨基并对其氯乙酰化,最后进行吡啶成盐,得到新型水溶性的壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物,产物的结构通过核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱进行了表征,从而为壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物的制备提供了一种新途径。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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