On the effect of turbulent anisotropy on pulsation stability of stars

Within the framework of a non-local time-dependent stellar convection theory, we study in detail the effect of turbulent anisotropy on stellar pulsation stability. The results show that anisotropy has no substantial influence on pulsation stability of g modes and low-order(radial order n_r 5) p modes.The effect of turbulent anisotropy increases as the radial order increases. When turbulent anisotropy is neglected, most high-order(n r 5) p modes of all low-temperature stars become unstable. Fortunately,within a wide range of the anisotropic parameter c_3, stellar pulsation stability is not sensitive to the specific value of c_3. Therefore it is safe to say that calibration errors of the convective parameter c_3 do not cause any uncertainty in the calculation of stellar pulsation stability.     

恒星内部电荷屏蔽对电子俘获反应的影响

本文分析了在恒星环境下，电荷强屏蔽对原子核电子俘获反应的影响，分析中忽略了电荷屏蔽对核跃迁矩阵元的影响．作为例子，分别讨论了电荷屏蔽对核素33S、30P和57Fe的电子俘获率的影响．结果表明：在较低温度和较高密度下，由于电荷屏蔽，其电子俘获率相对于无屏蔽情形有明显降低，这可能对恒星晚期演化和超新星爆发理论带来明显的影响．     

The Pleiades Moving Group: Substructures and Evolution

We analyse here the spatial and kinematic evolution of the Pleiades moving group substructures found in Asiain et al. (1999). This allows us to investigate both the birthplaces and kinematic ages of these substructures. We also study the possibility that stellar complexes are the progenitors of moving groups. Our main tools are the epicycle theory and the integration of the equations of motion using a realistic gravitational potential of the Galaxy. The disc heating effect is implemented in our algorithm to determine stellar trajectories in order to study the disruption of unbound stellar systems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of Mass Loss of Stellar Wind for Medium-mass Stars

Along with the considerations of the effect of constraint of gravitation on the matter loss of stellar wind and the disturbances of the radiation pressure and turbulent pressure on it, by introducing the mechanism of compressible flow, the effect of promotion of the convective region in stellar outer shell on the matter loss of stellar wind is investigated. Hence a new formula of matter loss of stellar wind is established. After this and via the computation of the rate of mass loss of stellar wind in the theoretical model of 3∼5M? stars, the following is revealed. From the main sequence up to the stage of termination of central helium-core burning, the rate of mass loss of stellar wind calculated with the new formula agrees almost completely with that given by the classical formula. But in the TP-AGB stage the stellar model calculated with the new formula of mass loss of stellar wind is not affected by luminosity and gives rise to the persistent and large matter loss of stellar wind. This rather well agrees with the results of actual observations.     

Theory of stellar magnetic activity: A review

The unified sight of solar and stellar activity has revealed a worthwhile concept under several aspects, gaining in the last decade the increasing favour of observers and theorists, and the term solar-stellar connection has recently been introduced to point out the complementarity of solar and stellar observations in the background of the basic role of the magnetic field. The great development of ground and space stellar activity observations suggests a much wider scenario than it were possible to imagine even a few years ago, and stimulates theoretical work, most of which is in the framework of the α–ω dynamo theory. Dynamo models of stellar activity in the main sequence, although subjected to different assumptions, do converge in predicting that activity should increase with the increasing angular velocity of rotation ω and colour index (B–V), in agreement with almost all existing observational evidence. However, even if linear dynamo theory seems to have captured the essentials of the mechanism of stellar activity, the complexity of stellar activity phenomenology and operation modes suggests that the future is in the non-linear approach. Finally, observational and theoretical uncertainties and difficulties, which affect the present status of dynamo theory, are briefly discussed.     

What can we hope to know about the symmetry properties of stellar magnetic fields?

We summarize evidence that neither dynamo theory nor the observational data give strong support to the idea that stellar magnetic fields must have dipolar rather than quadrupolar symmetry with respect to the stellar equator. We demonstrate that even the most basic model for magnetic stellar activity, i.e. the Parker migratory dynamo, provides many possibilities for the excitation of large-scale stellar magnetic fields of non-dipolar symmetry. We demonstrate the spontaneous transition of the dynamo-excited magnetic field from one symmetry type to another. We explore observational tests to distinguish between the two types of magnetic field symmetry, and thus detect the presence of quadrupolar magnetic symmetry in stars. Complete absence of quadrupolar symmetry would present a distinct challenge for contemporary stellar dynamo theory. We revisit some observations which, depending on further clarification, may already be revealing some properties of the quadrupolar component of the magnetic fields generated by stellar dynamos.     

8M_■恒星演化过程中湍流应力作用效果的分析

以恒星结构与演化理论中常用的混合程理论为基础,将湍流作用表现出来的宏 观应力引入恒星结构与演化模型中的流体静力学平衡方程．通过计算8M(?)恒星从主序星 到早期AGB星演化过程中湍流应力梯度与引力的比值来研究湍流作用对恒星演化与结构 的影响．结果发现:在核燃烧阶段其比值很小,湍流作用几乎可以忽略;但在RGB和早 期AGB演化阶段,发现在恒星外部存在一个湍流应力梯度为引力的几倍到几十倍的很小 区域,而该小区域以外的对流区内湍流作用力能达到引力的65％,这些对AGB星的中心 温度变化与热脉动发生的时间等恒星结构与演化规律有不同程度的影响．     

The YNEV stellar evolution and oscillation code

We have developed a new stellar evolution and oscillation code YNEV,which calculates the structures and evolutions of stars,taking into account hydrogen and helium burning.A nonlocal turbulent convection theory and an updated overshoot mixing model are optional in this code.The YNEV code can evolve low-and intermediate-mass stars from the pre-main sequence to a thermally pulsing asymptotic branch giant or white dwarf.The YNEV oscillation code calculates the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the adiabatic oscillations for a given stellar structure.The input physics and numerical scheme adopted in the code are introduced.Examples of solar models,stellar evolutionary tracks of low-and intermediate-mass stars with different convection theories(i.e.mixing-length theory and nonlocal turbulent convection theory),and stellar oscillations are shown.     

Solar and stellar activity: The theoretical approach

The unified sight of solar and stellar activity has revealed a worthwhile concept under several aspects, gaming in the last decade the increasing favour of observers and theorists, and the term solar-stellar connection has recently been introduced to point out the complementarity of solar and stellar observations in the background of the basic role played by the magnetic field.The great development of stellar activity observations suggests a much wider scenario than it were possible to imagine even a few years ago and stimulates theoretical work, most of which is in the framework of the - dynamo theory.Although dynamo theory seems to be plausible and successful in capturing the fundamental mechanism of solar and stellar activity, several uncertainties and intrinsic limits do still exist and are discussed together with alternative or complementary suggestions.Further, it is stressed the relevance of nonlinear problems in dynamo theory — as magnetoconvection, growth and stability of flux tubes against magnetic buoyancy, hydromagnetic global dynamos — to improve our understanding of both small and large scale interaction of rotation, turbulent convection and magnetic field, and of the transition from linear to nonlinear regime. Finally, recent dynamo models of stellar activity are critically reviewed, as to the dependence of activity indexes and cycles on rotation rate and spectral type.Open problems to be solved by future work are outlined, pointing out the role of ever increasing stellar data in widening out our comprehension of the dynamo operation modes, which seem to depend on stellar structure, rotation and age.     

A Note on the Supersonic Convection in Stellar Atmospheres

By using a non-local convection theory, both the local and nonlocal convective envelope models of evolutionary series of stars with masses from 1 to 30 solar masses are calculated. The problem of supersonic convection is reviewed. The results show that the convective velocities in the stellar atmosphere are seriously overestimated by the local mixing-length theory. Convection is strongly supersonic in the atmospheres of yellow giant and super-giants, while the local mixing-length theory is used. However, it becomes subsonic for most stars when convection returns to the normal nonlocal treatment. Convection velocities increase with increase of luminosities of stars. There is still weak supersonic convection in few red and yellow giant and super-giants. It is suspected whether this supersonic convection in stellar atmospheres is true.     

The coupling coefficients of pulsation for radiative stellar models

The second order theory of coupling is discussed regarding the radial pulsation of stellar models which are constructed ignoring convection. The formula including the nonadiabatic effect is presented. Numerical values given for model classical cepheids are considerably greater than the adiabatic values.     

星族等时综合模型的现状

总结了星族综合模型的两个要素：处于根本地位的恒星演化计算，以及把理论赫罗图转化为可观测量的光谱定标。当前恒星模型中的不确定性来自于输入的物理参数；原子数据，对流理论，辐射区的混合和和质量丢失。光谱定标不准是因为尚没有准确的温度测定，准确的分光光度测量，而且光谱库中缺少一些类型的恒星。     

UV line profiles as a probe for atomic diffusion theory in stellar atmospheres

In quiet stellar atmospheres that are stabilized, for example, by the presence of strong magnetic fields, a non-uniform distribution of chemical elements (abundance stratification) is predicted by the diffusion theory. Spectroscopic observations of magnetic Ap stars provide a strong support for the diffusion theory. Stratification predictions in the upper atmosphere, in particular, strongly depend on the magnetic field geometry. Optical lines used in stratification analysis of Ap stars do not probe the upper atmospheric layers and, hence, cannot provide reliable information on abundance gradients there. We show the expected effect of stratification on the profiles of strong lines in the UV region and how these lines may be used for constraining diffusion theory.     

Galactic bar: Normal mode of the stellar disk or a superposition of transient spirals?

Several mechanisms of bar mode formation in stellar galactic disks, including the Toomre swing amplification mechanism and modal approaches, are considered. Using the well-known Kuzmin-Toomre stellar disk model as an example, it has been shown through numerical simulations that the stellar bar results from the development of an unstable normal mode. The pattern speed and the spiral wave growth rate found from a numerical experiment agree well with the linear perturbation theory. The nonlinear evolution of the bar is traced. The possible role of growing transient spirals in the formation of bars is discussed.     

The interacting subsystems theory of active galactic nuclei – I. The broad-absorption-line QSO theory

The theory of broad-absorption-line (BAL) QSOs is worked out on the basis of the radiation hydrodynamics equation solution for the two-phase media of active galactic nuclei. We suppose that the BAL QSO physics depends on some 'hidden' AGN parameters, such as the mass and size of the compact stellar system. We therefore approach this problem in the more general framework of the 'interacting subsystems theory', which includes these parameters. We compare the results of the numerical model calculations with the observed spectra and show that the BAL QSOs (and the radio-quiet quasars as well) contain massive compact stellar kernels in their central regions. We show that the line-locking effect is determined by the radiation pressure, and is also favoured by the drag force of the hot gas acting on the line-absorbing clouds.
We derive some general conclusions about the physics of AGN. In particular, we show that the radio-quiet versus radio-loud dichotomy can be explained by using two types of hot gas outstreams in quasars.     

非平衡动力学中恒星结构稳定性研究

采用非平衡动力学方法研究由CNO循环决定的恒星结构稳定性,本文得出:CNO循环自身是稳定的;扩散效应不会改变处于稳定的恒星结构稳定性;对流效应对其稳定性有重要影响,波数小的扰动更容易激发不稳定性;巨大的温度梯度也能激发不稳定性。本文给出了稳定性条件和恒星结构保持稳定所允许的最小扰动波数。     

Combination frequencies in the Fourier spectra of white dwarfs

Combination frequencies are observed in the Fourier spectra of pulsating DA and DB white dwarfs, along with frequencies that are associated with stellar gravity modes. They appear at the sum and difference frequencies of the stellar modes. Brickhill proposed that the combination frequencies result from mixing of the eigenmode signals by a depth-varying surface convection zone when undergoing pulsation. The depth changes cause time-dependent thermal impedance.
Following Brickhill's proposal, we developed analytical expressions for the amplitudes and phases of these combination frequencies. The parameters that appear in these expressions are the depth of the stellar convection zone when at rest, the sensitivity of this depth towards changes in the stellar effective temperature, the inclination angle of the stellar pulsation axis with respect to the line of sight, and lastly the spherical degrees of the eigenmodes involved in the mixing. Adopting credible values for these parameters, we apply our expressions to DA and DB variable white dwarfs. We find reasonable agreement between theory and observation, although some discrepancies remain unexplained. It is possible to identify the spherical degrees of the pulsation modes using the combination frequencies.     

Neutrino emission,population II stars and big-bang cosmology

The spectroscopic determination of the helium abundance in the oldest stars of the galaxy is supported by the theory of stellar evolution when neutrino emission is considered according to the photon-neutrino coupling theory, if it is assumed that the population II stars started their life with a low surface helium content.Receipt delayed by postal strike in Great Britain.     

Relaxational effects in radiating stellar collapse

Relaxational effects in stellar heat transport can in many cases be significant. Relativistic Fourier–Eckart theory is inherently quasi-stationary, and cannot incorporate these effects. The effects are naturally accounted for in causal relativistic thermodynamics, which provides an improved approximation to kinetic theory. Recent results, based on perturbations of a static star, show that relaxation effects can produce a significant increase in the central temperature and temperature gradient for a given luminosity. We use a simple stellar model that allows for non-perturbative deviations from staticity, and confirms qualitatively the predictions of the perturbative models.