基于差分雷达干涉测量的矿区地面沉降监测研究

收集了1992年12月至1998年6月JERS-1L波段雷达数据,利用差分雷达干涉测量技术进行地面沉降监测研究。通过“二轨法”进行差分处理,选择其中的6景差分雷达干涉图进行分析。在研究区内发现了4个沉降区域,并按照时间序列通过对地面形变图进行分析,获取其中两个沉降区最大的垂直沉降量。     

百年煤城地表沉降融合PS/SBAS InSAR监测——以徐州市为例

融合PS/SBAS算法成为当前InSAR技术的研究热点,本文通过融合PS/SBAS的优势,利用128景ALOS PALSAR影像和24景Radarsat-2影像获取了百年煤城徐州地区2007-2015年的地表形变场及变化趋势。试验结果表明：①2007-2011年,徐州主要有4个沉降区,分布在沛县、丰县、铜山区和贾汪区。②2012-2015年,沛县、丰县和铜山区地表沉降范围有所扩大;贾汪区地表沉降范围和速率明显减小,说明近年来贾汪区重点治理采矿塌陷工作已初步见效;另外,睢宁县县城出现明显沉降。③已有文献对沛县大屯中心区的沉降监测结果验证了试验结果是可靠的。④首次提取了徐州近8年间地表沉降的信息,可为该地区开展地表沉降调查监测与防治工作提供参考;试验方法可为全国开展地表沉降调查监测工作提供参考。     

基于DInSAR的徐州张双楼煤矿地表形变监测研究

徐州煤矿资源开采已造成了大规模的地面沉陷,为了为矿区安全开采和塌陷区环境综合治理提供科学依据,利用雷达差分干涉测量（DInSAR）技术对ALOS PALSAR数据进行处理,获得徐州张双楼煤矿区2011-01-16至2011-03-03期间的地表形变分布图.结果表明,张双楼煤矿在46 d间隔里出现了3处沉降漏斗区域,漏斗中心最大沉降量达到420mm,并且沉降漏斗区域与矿区分布一致,说明DInSAR能够有效地监测矿区地表形变.     

二轨法DInSAR技术监测城市地表沉降

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术是新近发展起来的用于监测大范围地表形变的新技术,具有精度高、监测范围广等特点。文中深入分析DInSAR技术的基本原理,通过实验成功获取西安市中心城区相隔9个月的地面沉降结果,与常规方法获取的沉降图对比,发现二者具有高度的一致性,从而证明利用DInSAR技术监测城市地面沉降具有良好的应用前景。     

Monitoring surface changes in discontinuous permafrost terrain using small baseline SAR interferometry,object-based classification,and geological features: a case study from Mayo,Yukon Territory,Canada

Permafrost-induced deformation of ground features is threating infrastructure in northern communities. An understanding of permafrost distribution is therefore critical for sustainable adaptation planning and infrastructure maintenance. Considering the large area underlain by permafrost in the Yukon Territory, there is a need for baseline information to characterize the permafrost in this region. In this study, the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique was used to identify areas of ground movement likely caused by changes in permafrost. The DInSAR technique was applied to a series of repeat-pass C-band RADARSAT-2 observations collected in 2015 over the Village of Mayo, in central Yukon Territory, Canada. The conventional DInSAR technique demonstrated that ground deformation could be detected in this area, but the resulting deformation maps contained errors due to a loss of coherence from changes in vegetation and atmospheric phase delay. To address these limitations, the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR technique was applied to reduce phase error, thus improving the deformation maps. To understand the relationship between the deformation maps and land cover types, an object-based Random Forest classification was developed to classify the study area into different land cover types. Integration of the InSAR results and the classification map revealed that the built-up class (e.g., airport) was affected by subsidence on the order of ?2 to ?4 cm. The spatial extent of the surface displacement map obtained using the SBAS InSAR technique was then correlated with the surficial geology map. This revealed that much of the main infrastructure in the Village of Mayo is underlain by interbedded glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine sediments, the latter of which caused the most damage to human made structures. This study provides a method for permafrost monitoring that builds upon the synergistic use of the SBAS InSAR technique, object-based image analysis, and surficial geology data.     

角反射器差分干涉方法及反距离加权最小费用流相位展开算法

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,DInSAR)在低相关区由于受时间空间去相关的影响,无法得到有效应用。角反射器DInSAR方法能在长时间段内保持幅度和相位稳定性,可以最大程度地减小去相关的影响。但由于反射器在空间上一般形成不规则稀疏网络分布,在平地相位、高程相位计算及相位展开方法上都带来新的挑战。研究三角反射器的DInSAR技术,重点分析基于不规则离散点的最小费用流相位展开算法。对费用流算法权重的选择,通过分析残差的产生来源,提出以弧所穿越的边长度倒数作为弧费用的权重设置方法,解决费用流算法中具有相同费用路径的选择问题。最后将角反射器DInSAR技术应用于滑坡移动的监测,通过对140d时间段的监测,得到与实测值具有较好一致性的结果。     

DInSAR技术对地震同震形变场的研究

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量（DInSAR）可用于监测厘米级或更微小的地表形变,以揭示许多物理现象,如地震形变、火山运动、大气变化、冰川漂移、地面沉降以及山体滑坡等。DInSAR作为一种新型的空间对地观测技术,具有不受时间和空间的限制、对地物具有一定的穿透性等传统测量所不可比拟的优势,已得到较为广泛的应用。简要介绍DInSAR技术的基本原理及其处理流程,以Barn地震为例提取Bam地震的同震形变场。     

Subsidence monitoring in coal area using time-series InSAR combining persistent scatterers and distributed scatterers

In coal mining areas, ground subsidence persistently happens, which produces serious environmental issues and affects the development of cities. To monitor the ground deformation due to coal mining, a modified time-series InSAR technique combining persistent scatterers (PSs) and distributed scatterers (DSs) is presented in this paper. In particular, DSs are efficiently identified using classified information and statistical characteristics. Furthermore, a two-scale network is introduced into traditional PSI to deal with PSs and DSs in a multi-layer framework by taking the advantage of the robust of PSs and the widely distribution of DSs. The proposed method is performed to investigate the subsidence of Huainan City, Anhui province (China), during 2012–2013 using 14 scenes of Radarsat-2 images. Experimental results show that the proposed method can ease the estimation complexity and significantly increase the spatial density of measurement points, which can provide more detailed deformation information. Result shows that there are obvious subsidence areas detected in the test site with subsidence velocity larger than 5 cm/year. The proposed method brings practical applications for non-urban area deformation monitoring.     

矿区生态扰动监测研究进展与展望

矿区资源开发致使其面临着严重的生态环境问题,监测和分析矿区生态环境各种典型信号和异常已成为环境保护、生态恢复等工作的重要基础。本文从地表形变与沉降、地下煤火与煤矸石山自燃及其他生态要素监测等方面讨论了矿区生态扰动监测研究进展,进行了国内外进展比较及发展趋势展望。由于采动沉陷与生态环境变化的特殊性、复杂性和高度动态性,单一监测手段难以奏效,将空天地一体化对地观测传感网和矿山物联网相结合,发展矿区生态扰动多源多尺度空天地协同监测与智能感知体系,是未来研究的重点及努力方向。     

基于ALOS PALSAR数据进行雷达差分干涉提取玉树地震同震地表形变场

本文针对2010年4月14日玉树地震引起的地表形变,使用日本ALOS卫星PALSAR L波段雷达影像数据,应用两轨雷达差分干涉(DInSAR)处理得到了以玉树为中心11 000km2范围内的同震形变场,空间分辨率为8m,并在此基础上对玉树地震的震源机制和发震机理进行了分析。研究结果表明L波段雷达数据适合在地形起伏较大的地区进行DInSAR形变探测。该同震形变场信息可为玉树地震的同震形变反演提供参考数据。该研究进一步证实DInSAR技术在大规模地表形变探测和地学研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于PALSAR数据的青藏高原冻土形变检测方法研究

季节性冻胀和融沉导致的地面形变是青藏高原冻土区建设施工与维护的主要问题。对冻融造成的形变进行有效监测是青藏铁 路建设与维护的前提。差分干涉测量技术是地表形变监测的重要手段之一,PALSAR（L波段的合成孔径雷达）数据在非城市区域具 有较高的相关性,适合青藏高原冻土区的地表形变监测。本文选用4景覆盖研究区域的PALSAR数据,研究利用该数据进行冻土形变 检测的方法,并对其检测结果进行了分析。结果表明,该方法与水准测量方法有较好的一致性。     

融合D-InSAR与GIS技术的矿区开采沉陷形变监测及预测方法

针对合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）技术能监测大范围地表形变信息,但单一的D-InSAR技术不能精确分析沉降分布的范围和位置的问题,本文以淮北袁店二矿为例,首先选择2015年4—5月2景C波段Radarsat-2和7—12月6景Sentinel-1卫星影像数据作为干涉影像数据构成6个干涉影像对,通过二轨法对其进行差分干涉处理和相位解缠提取干涉形变图;然后将D-InSAR差分干涉图与开采平面、开采计划图导入ArcGIS进行叠加,分析矿区开采沉陷区域的空间动态分布位置并进行定量分析;最后采用灰色理论模型进行预测。结果表明：D-InSAR叠加分析图能反映出在煤炭开采过程中沉降区域位置和分布范围;D-InSAR预测值与实测值最大相对误差和方差比分别为11.5%和0.097。     

InSAR技术在矿区沉降监测中的应用研究

介绍了应用InSAR技术监测矿区地表沉降以及地下开采活动的原理;利用重轨差分InSAR技术获得了峰峰矿区地表ENVISAT和JERS 1的雷达形变干涉相位图;分析了在矿区地表沉降过程中ENVISATC波段和JERS 1 L波段形变干涉相位图的相干特性、相位特性以及干涉测量技术在矿区地表沉降监测中应用的可行性和局限性。实验结果表明,利用C波段和L波段雷达数据可以实施对矿区地表沉降的监测,但是C波段雷达受到空间干涉基线的限制更加严格,如果要实现对矿区地表沉降的监测,需要充分利用每个卫星回访时期的雷达数据,建立长时序的星载雷达形变干涉相位图序列,才能较好地实现矿区地表沉降监测。     

Sentinel-1和SBAS-InSAR分析钻井水溶岩盐矿山时序沉降

利用小基线集(SBAS)InSAR技术对钻井水溶岩盐矿山地表沉降开展时空分析。实验选取湖南常德某典型钻井水溶岩盐矿区为测试区,时间跨度为2016年2月—2017年2月的21景Sentinel-1影像数据,获取了测区的时序沉降序列。实验结果显示,矿区地表大量级沉降在2016年9月才开始呈现,沉降漏斗横向出现多峰值,矿区沉降整体空间分布上出现西南部整体片状、中部偏北离散带状沉降。这些沉降特征均与钻井水溶法开采特征保持一致。将实地水准测量形变数据和DInSAR形变结果与本文结果进行对比以评估结果可靠性。结果表明,SBAS技术获取结果与水准结果表现出较高一致性,从而为钻井水溶岩盐矿山地表沉降提供了一种更为有效的监测手段,也可为此类矿山地表形变时空演化规律分析提供参考。     

基于SBAS的矿区形变监测研究

由于使用的SAR图像较少,缺乏多余观测,传统的DInSAR测得的形变可靠性较差.此外,受InSAR观测周期以及空间和时间基线的限制,多数情况下很难将离散的DInSAR观测连接起来,获得时间上连续的沉降场,从而揭示研究区域的沉降演化情况.运用小基线集(SBAS)技术,通过虚拟观测值的方法,对DInSAR获取的相位进行后处...     

DInSAR技术监测玉树地震同震形变场的研究

近二十年来,合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（DInSAR）作为一种监测地表形变的有效技术得到广泛应用,其视线向精度可达厘米级甚至毫米级。该技术尤其是对监测快速、激烈的地表形变更为有效,如地震、火山等。利用DInSAR技术,选用日本ALOS卫星PALSAR数据,获取了2010—04—14玉树Mw6．9地震的同震形变场。结果表明：地表至少发生过3次地表破裂,沿断层走向的形变分布范围远远大于垂直断层分布范围,形变分布特征以左旋走滑为主。     

差分干涉测量（D—InSAR）技术在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用

收集了2008年12月至2009年7月的6景覆盖济宁某矿区ENVISATASAR数据,利用差分干涉测量技术进行矿区地面沉降监测应用研究。通过“双轨法”和“三轨法”,进行差分干涉处理,提取了差分干涉图、增强干涉图、相干图和地面形变图。并且对测量处理结果进行了分析和讨论,从而验证了差分干涉测量技术在矿区地面沉降监测中应用的可行性。     

SAR interferometry and optical remote sensing for analysis of co-seismic deformation,source characteristics and mass wasting pattern of Lushan (China,April 2013) earthquake

Co-seismic deformation associated with the Lushan (China) earthquake that occurred along the south-western segment of the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) on the 20th April 2013 has been estimated by differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR) technique using Radarsat-2 data. The Lushan earthquake resulted in the deformation of the Sichuan basin and the Longmenshan ranges in proximity to the LFZ. The line of sight (LOS) displacement values obtained from DInSAR technique mainly range between −4.0 cm to +3.0 cm. The western Sichuan basin shows oblique westward movement with predominant downward component in areas farther from LFZ and predominant westward component over the downward movement in areas closer to the source fault. Inversion modelling has been used to derive the seismic source characteristics from DInSAR derived deformation values using elastic dislocation source type. The linear inversion model converged at a double-fault source solution consisting of a deeper, steep, NW dipping fault plane-1 of 60 km × 16 km dimension and a shallower, gentle, NW dipping fault plane-2 of 60 km × 15 km dimension, with distributed slip values varying between 0 to 2.26 m. These fault planes (fault planes-1 and -2) coincide with the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault and the buried Range Front Fault, respectively. The inversion model gives a moment magnitude of 6.81 and the geodetic moment of 2.07 × 10¹⁹ Nm, comparable to those given in literature, derived using teleseismic body wave data. Thus DInSAR technique helped to quantify the co-seismic deformation and to retrieve the source characteristics from the estimated deformation values. The study also evaluated the distribution pattern of earthquake induced landslides (EIL) triggered fresh or re-activated during the Lushan earthquake and found that they show spatial association with the seismic source zone and also with various pre-conditioning factors of slope instability.     

Monitoring ground surface deformation over the North China Plain using coherent ALOS PALSAR differential interferograms

North China Plain (Huabei Plain) is one of the most densely populated regions on earth. Due to excessive underground water extraction, the North China Plain has been experiencing severe ground deformation over the last three decades. Therefore, for the purpose of hazard mitigation, it is necessary to monitor the ground displacement occurred in this region. As an extension of the differential radar interferometry (DInSAR) technique, advanced DInSAR techniques involving multiple images have demonstrated the potential to effectively map ground displacement. Such techniques are able to measure the temporal evolution of ground deformation with millimetre-level accuracy by using a stack of differential interferograms. In this study, the ALOS PALSAR data acquired over the North China Plain, which cover an area of approximately 16,000 km $^2$ , were processed based on the concept of advanced DInSAR techniques. Because of the large size of the PALSAR images, a targeted processing strategy was designed. This strategy is able to reduce required disk storage space and I/O operations, leading to the improvement of the computational efficiency. The resulting mean deformation velocity map demonstrates that a large portion of the area covered by the data was affected by various degrees of ground deformation between January 2007 and April 2010. The ground deformation is mostly distributed in rural areas, while the downtown areas are generally stable.     

基于相干目标的干涉图叠加方法监测天津地区地面沉降

利用ENVISAT ASAR数据,采用基于相干目标的干涉图叠加方法,对天津地区的地面沉降现象进行了DInSAR监测试验.差分干涉处理采用"两轨法",使用校正了高程异常的SRTM DEM数据消除高程相位.以相干系数为标准选取了相干目标,解缠过程中运用了Delaunay三角剖分和权重最小费用流算法.本文获得的季度平均沉降速率图有效揭示了试验区地面沉降的空间展布及相对形变量,但其获得的绝对形变量尚需地面实测数据校验.