东天山卡瓦布拉克喀拉塔格南岩群地质特征

卡瓦布拉克大断裂北晚太古宙喀拉塔格南岩群,为灰色片麻岩系(TTG岩系)及二长-钾长花岗片麻岩系组成的高级变质区,后者常呈脉状或不规则状分布在TTG岩系中,构成灰、红相间的景观特征.岩石具高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质特征,发育中深层次的塑性流变变形,变质矿物有反条纹长石、钾长石、角闪石、铁铝榴石等,区域上还可见蓝石英、紫苏辉石、硅线石.经岩石化学研究,组成该岩群的片麻岩具英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG岩系)组合特征.该套变质岩系可与库鲁克塔格、尾亚、阿尔金等地太古宙中深变质岩系对比,时代厘定为晚太古代较恰当,构造属性为塔里木地块的前震旦纪结晶基底.     

福建沙县琅口巨斑状花岗岩风化型钾长石矿床地质特征及成因

沙县琅口钾长石矿是近年来福建省发现的巨斑状中粗粒角闪黑云二长花岗岩风化型钾长石矿床.矿体赋存于巨斑状中粗粒角闪黑云二长花岗岩弱风化带中.通过野外工作,总结钾长石矿床的赋存规律和空间分布,并对矿区地质特征、成矿作用及成因等进行了探讨.     

福建石牛山水蚀花岗岩石蛋地貌特征及成因研究

石牛山主峰出露晚白垩世石牛山组晚期侵入相钾长花岗斑岩,山体浑厚壮观,石蛋千姿百态。石蛋、石堡及崖壁上分布着深浅不一的石脊、石槽及大小不同的石臼、石盆、石穴等微地貌,构成独具特色的“水蚀花岗岩石蛋地貌”。经研究,钾长花岗斑岩是形成水蚀花岗岩石蛋的物质基础,风化剥蚀、大气降水击蚀及其流水侵蚀是形成石脊、石槽、石臼、石盆、石穴的主要外动力地质作用。     

我国钾长石矿产资源分布、开发利用、问题与对策

我国钾长石矿产资源丰富,分布广泛,其中安徽、内蒙古、新疆、四川、山西等省(区)的钾长石分布相对集中,储量丰富,成为当地的优势非金属矿产资源。随着科学技术的发展,钾长石广泛应用于工业生产。我国在利用钾长石生产玻璃、陶瓷、化肥等方面都取得了一些进展。但还存在钾长石市场不完善;生产企业缺乏竞争力;钾长石产品技术含量低等问题。应通过进一步深入研究制定解决市场、技术、产品等问题的相应对策,促进钾长石在相应领域的开发利用。     

福建省泰宁县何宝山金矿床长兴岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

长兴钾长混合花岗岩体与何宝山金矿床的成矿作用关系密切。何宝山金矿床的成矿作用表现出多期次、多阶段的特点,加里东晚期长兴岩体的侵入活动促进了金矿床成矿物质早期的迁移和富集,印支晚期—燕山早期的构造-岩浆活动叠加成矿。文中对区内加里东期主要侵入岩体进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年研究,得出长兴岩体的成岩年龄为(437.1±1.3)Ma,黑云母石英闪长岩成岩年龄为(436.6±1.1)Ma,黑云母花岗闪长岩脉成岩年龄为(427.1±1.4)Ma,从而确定金矿床成矿期上限,为进一步成矿作用研究提供科学依据。     

四川甲基卡两类锂辉石矿体共存机制及其找矿意义

甲基卡已成为我国最大的硬岩型锂资源基地,目前已查明数个超大型锂辉石矿床,其矿床工业类型主要为花岗伟晶岩型,但在近几年对深部锂矿产的勘查中,除了继续发现有花岗伟晶岩型矿体外,还发现一种粒度明显偏细的锂矿石,野外称之为细晶岩,但经室内认真观察表明,它们具有非常典型的花岗结构,锂辉石在其中以自形—半自形晶较均匀分布,含量在5%～22%,长石包括微斜长石和钠长石,结合其他工作确定,这应是在我国首次发现的富锂辉石碱长花岗岩。在含矿脉体中,它和富锂辉石的花岗伟晶岩密切伴生,但形成时间较晚。在一些矿床（段）中,碱长花岗岩型矿石中的锂储量还明显高过花岗伟晶岩型。花岗伟晶岩型和花岗岩型锂辉石矿共伴生,这在国内也是首例,其特殊的成岩成矿作用与三叠纪末松潘 甘孜造山带中构造 岩浆 穹窿体的形成有密切的成因联系,它使含矿花岗伟晶岩和花岗岩仅集中发育于一定的接触变质带中,并相伴生产出。这一发现,不仅丰富了甲基卡地区锂矿石类型,也为花岗伟晶岩和花岗岩成岩成矿作用理论的深入探讨提供了非常好的实验基地。     

文象花岗岩的成分、结构和成因机制

文象花岗岩具有特殊文象结构,研究其三维拓扑结构和形成过程有助于了解花岗质岩石的结晶作用.以北京周口店房山岩体和湖北罗田蕙兰山的文象花岗岩为研究对象,综合利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和电子背散射衍射等技术方法,对岩石矿物组成、结晶学取向和拓扑结构进行了系统研究.结果表明:(1) 文象花岗岩的矿物组成与其形成地质环境有关,石英和长石的含量变化范围很大,其中石英含量通常在20%~45%,但是相同地区同期形成的文象花岗岩具有相对稳定的矿物组成;(2) 长石作为寄主矿物通常呈半自形－自形粗大晶体,可以是碱性长石或斜长石,其端元组分以钾长石和钠长石为主,低温下常分解为条纹长石;(3) 石英在长石寄主矿物中规则穿插生长,在三维空间通常呈近似平行板状、长条状/柱状或非连通枝杈状,并只在特定岩石断面形似象形文字;(4) 正交偏光显微镜下,石英可以具有多种消光位,但是通常在一定范围内同时消光;(5) 石英普遍发育道芬双晶,偶见日本双晶;(6) 条纹长石中钾长石与钠长石对应(100)、(010)、(001) 面和[001]轴近似平行;(7) 多数石英颗粒与寄主长石之间具有密切结晶学取向关系,即石英[1123]轴近似平行长石c[001]轴.该研究证实文象花岗岩是石英和长石同时生长的结果,而长石作为寄主矿物影响并控制着石英的成核与生长方向.      

松辽盆地白垩系砂岩长石碎屑的钠长石化作用

松辽盆地白垩系砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为特征。砂岩中发育长石碎屑、岩屑等不稳定组分，而且随着埋藏深度加深（成岩作用加强）钾长石逐渐减少并最终在2700m以下消失。斜长石碎屑中钠长石组分逐渐增多，钙长石组分逐渐减少，最终形成纯钠端元的钠长石。在成岩过程中长石碎屑的钠长石化主要有3种方式：①由离子交代作用导致长石碎屑的钠长石化；②长石碎屑边缘钠长石次生生长；③与长石碎屑溶解伴生的新生钠长石作用。结合热动力学平衡原理分析，斜长石的钠长石化基本不受成岩温度和压力的制约，而钾长石的钠长石化需要较高的成岩温度和压力作用才能进行。因此，斜长石的钠长石化可见于成岩早期，而钾长石的钠长石化只发生于成岩晚期。     

乌拉山脉金矿田钾长石的可见光吸收光谱特征及其意义

尝试性地对乌拉山脉金矿田中钾长石进行了偏振光下的吸收光谱研究,结果表明,含矿与不含矿钾长石的吸收光主普有着本质的差异,钾长石的可见光吸收光谱特征可作为乌拉山式金矿的重要找矿标志。     

Myrmekite — one hundred years later

Myrmekite, first detected by Michel-Lévy in 1875 and named by Sederholm in 1899, is an intergrowth between vermicular quartz and (sodic) plagioclase situated next to potash feldspar. In felsic plutonic rocks it occurs as: rims bordering granular plagioclase, intergranular blebs set between adjacent microperthite crystals, lobes associated with muscovite in deformed alkali feldspar megacrysts or as bulbous growths at their margins, and rims on plagioclase inclusions held within orthocalse megacrysts. A literature review based largely on papers published in the past quarter century shows that hypotheses for myrmekite genesis fall mainly into five categories: simultaneous or direct crystallization, replacement of potash feldspar by plagioclase, replacement of plagioclase by potash feldspar, solid-state exsolution, and recrystallizing quartz involved with blastic plagioclase.     

Petrographic and mineralogical features of amblygonite- and spodumene-carrying granites

Granites carrying amblygonite and spodumene are characterized by 1) little if any, biotite; 2) strong alteration of rock-forming minerals; 3) development of potash feldspar over plagioclase in amblygonite granites; 4) development of plagioclase over potash feldspar + an epidote-garnet accessory mineral association in spodumene granite; 5) concentration of rubidium in amblygonite granites rich in potash feldspar. Amplygonite granite is most typical of greisenized granites and spodumene, of albitized granites. Chemically spodumene granites are of sodium type (Na/K>1), the amblygonite varieties are of potassium type (Na/K<1), and accessory epidote and tourmaline of spodumene and amblygonite granites are richer in lithium than those in common granites. Fluorine in the greisenizing solutions promoted transfer and deposition of lithium as amblygonite. Altered leucocratic granites are most likely to contain lithium minerals. The criterion for lithium presence is its higher content in pneumatolytic and hydrothermal minerals, tourmaline and epidote. — R.M. Hutchinson     

Determining heterogeneous deformation for granitic rocks in the northern thrust in Wadi Mubarak belt,Eastern Desert,Egypt

Finite-strain was studied in the mylonitic granitic and metasedimentary rocks in the northern thrust in Wadi Mubarak belt to show a relationship to nappe contacts between the old granitic and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks and to shed light on the heterogeneous deformation for the northern thrust in Wadi Mubarak belt. We used the R_f/ϕ and Fry methods on feldspar porphyroclasts, quartz and mafic grains from 7 old granitic and 7 metasedimentary samples in the northern thrust in Wadi Mubarak belt. The finite-strain data shows that old granitic rocks were moderate to highly deformed and axial ratios in the XZ section range from 3.05 to 7.10 for granitic and metasedimentary rocks. The long axes (X) of the finite-strain ellipsoids trend W/WNW and E/ENE in the northern thrust in Wadi Mubarak belt. Furthermore, the short axes (Z) are subvertical associated with a subhorizontal foliation. The value of strain magnitudes mainly constants towards the tectonic contacts between the mylonitic granite and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks. The data indicate oblate strain symmetry (flattening strain) in the mylonitic granite rocks. It is suggested that the accumulation of finite strain was formed before or/and during nappe contacts. The penetrative subhorizontal foliation is subparallel to the tectonic contacts with the overlying nappes and foliation was formed during nappe thrusting.     

Integration of remote sensing data with the field and laboratory investigation for lithological mapping of granitic phases: Kadabora pluton, Eastern Desert, Egypt

In the current study, an integration of Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), field, and laboratory data have been used for lithological mapping of different granitic phases in the Kadabora area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Application of enhancement techniques, including a new proposed band ratio combination (ratio 5/3, 3/1, 7/5 in RGB, respectively) and supervised classification images are used in discriminating different granitic phases in the Kadabora pluton from each other and from their environs. The data have been proved with the help of field and geochemical investigations. The results revealed that: (1) the Kadabora granitic pluton could be distinguished into three phases that recognized by field and laboratory investigation including granodiorite (phase I), monzogranite (phase II), and syeno-alkali feldspar granite (phase III). These phases are arranged according to their relative ages while the country rocks include ophiolitic mélange and metagabbro–diorite complex. It is also confirmed that the granitic pluton is invaded by dyke swarms which is trending in N–S direction. Geochemically, results show that the granodiorite is calc-alkaline, I-type and formed under subduction tectonic regime. Monzogranite falls within the alkaline and highly fractionated calc-alkaline granites, whereas syeno-alkali feldspar granite extends into proper alkaline granitoids field. Monzogranite and syeno-alkali feldspar granite belong to the A₂-subtype granite. This A₂-subtype granite was probably formed in an extensional regime, subsequent to subduction which can lead to tensional break-up of the crust (i.e., post-collisional, post-orogenic granites). The monzogranite and the syeno-alkali feldspar granite were probably formed by partial melting of relatively anhydrous lower crust source and/or tonalite to granodiorite is viable alternative to the granulite source.     

Mineral and chemical composition of Karak mudstone, Kohat Plateau, Pakistan: implications for smectite-illitization and provenance

The Karak mudstone interbedded in an Eocene evaporite sequence, is dominated by R-1 ordered illite-smectite with a 20 to 30% expandable component. Minor phases include kaolinite, chlorite, illite/muscovite, plagioclase, potash feldspar, quartz, dolomite and pyrite. The present illite-smectite was probably originally smectite or highly expandable illite-smectite which underwent conversion to illite-smectite with a low expandable component in a comparatively low-temperature (ca. 100°C) closed-system sedimentary basinal diagenetic environment at a depth of ca. 5 km. Al³⁺ and K⁺ necessary for the conversion reaction were provided through the breakdown of potash feldspar. Burial under a 5 km thick pile of sediments produced some of the observed structures. Whole-rock chemistry presented here suggests that the mudstone formed by severe weathering of acidic source rocks. The influx of freshwater probably flushed out Ba, Rb, Ca and Mn from the restricted basin.     

Genetic Mechanism of Mineral Inclusions in Zircons from the Khondalite Series, Southeastern Inner Mongolia

The early Precambrian khondalite series is widely distributed in the Jining-Zhuozi-Fengzhen-Liangcheng area, southeastern Inner Mongolia. The khondalite series mainly consists of sillimanite garnet potash feldspar (or two-feldspar) gneiss and garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss. These gneissic rocks have commonly experienced granulite-facies metamorphism. In zircons separated from sillimanite garnet potash feldspar gneisses, many mineral inclusions, including Sil, Grt, Ky, Kfs, Qtz and Ap, have been identified by the Laser Raman spectroscopy. Generally, prograde metamorphic mineral inclusion assemblages such as Ky + Kfs + Qtz + Ap and Ky + Grt + Kfs + Qtz are preserved in the core of zircon, while peak granulite-facies metamorphic minerals including Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz and Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz + Ap are identified in the mantle and rim of the same zircon. However, in some zircons are only preserved the peak metamorphic minerals such as Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz and Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz + Ap from core to ri     

低温分解钾长石的动力学研究

山东省化工地质勘察院,山东济南,250000提要通过大量试验,主要从反应级数测定、温度对反应速率的影响、活化能的求算、钾长石粒度对反应的影响的进行讨论,最终得到适合本工艺分解钾长石的动力学方程式r=1Pπd2AB8kBTe/πμLeRETacAcC,对低温分解钾长石有理论指导作用。     

内蒙古二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统湖相白云岩成因*

早白垩世,白音查干凹陷处于强裂陷伸展环境,并具有高地热异常。在此背景下,该凹陷发育一套仅限于深湖—半深湖相的、富含铁白云石、钠沸石和泥级长石（钠长石、钾长石）等特殊矿物成分的白云岩。该套湖相白云岩受北东向同沉积断裂控制,主要分布于凹陷北部陡坡带和湖盆中央断裂带的下降盘处,沿断裂呈线性展布。白云岩中的白云石多以铁白云石为主,并与钠沸石、长石、重晶石、水镁铁石等低温热液矿物共生,其结构可分为泥晶结构、微晶结构和中—细晶斑块状结构（多元矿物组合）3种。此外,白云岩的岩石组构还具有明显热水沉积特征,包括纹层状构造、热水碎屑结构、星散状构造、同生塑性变形、网脉状构造。综合以上初步分析,认为研究区湖相白云岩为深部热液参与并发生沉积作用形成的,即热水沉积白云岩。     

花岗岩风化程度的化学指标及微观特征对比——以香港九龙地区为例

据香港九龙3个不同工程场地取得的149件不同级别的风化花岗岩样品的化学分析结果,用统计学方法,从反映岩石风化程度的18项化学指标中选取9项进行了分析计算.对其结果及其与风化程度分级的关系的研究表明有4种指标比较理想.通过对样品微观特征的观察研究和矿物成分、微孔隙率以及综合显微岩石指标(I_p)进行了描述和定量分析,发现其中一些指标有一定相关性.这些化学指标和微观特征相关的统计值在一定程度上可定量表征花岗岩的风化程度,即:随风化作用进行,碱、碱土金属组分逐渐淋失,脱硅、富铝铁化作用逐渐加强;相应地,先是钠长石风化成高岭石,其次为云母和钾长石的风化.粘土矿物所占体积百分比随风化程度增高而变大,至残积土(Ⅵ级)时已达50%左右;I_p指标值下降,微孔隙率增高.文章综合出各个风化级别的指标变化范围及平均值供花岗岩分布区花岗岩风化野外调查和研究工作参考.     

花岗质岩石中微粒交生体的成因研究

在一些花岗质片麻岩中,经常看到分布在长石颗粒周围的细小矿物集合体——微粒交生体。电子探针分析结果表明,微粒交生体主要由钠长石、钾长石和石英组成,其标准矿物平均成分相当于An-Ab-Or体系的“低限熔点”成分。显然,微粒交生体是花岗质片麻岩经部分熔融产生的“低限熔体”的结晶产物。太古宙高级区一些晚构造钾质花岗岩的矿物,化学特征与微粒交生体类似。这意味着在塑性变形过程中产生和聚集的“低限熔体”最终可以形成大规模钾质花岗岩。     

Coexistence of a Fluid Phase with Granitic Magma: Geochemical Characteristics of REE and Cu in Miyako Granite and in Scheelite-bearing Aplitic Veins at the Yamaguchi Cu-W Skarn Deposit, Iwate, Japan

Abstract: The North granitic body of the Miyako pluton is located in the Northern Kitakami belt, Northeast Japan. The formation of the scheelite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–bearing aplitic veins and scheelite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–bearing Yamaguchi skarn deposit was closely associated with the formation of the Miyako plutons. Petrographic facies of the North granitic body vary from quartz diorite in marginal zone (zone A), to tonalite and granodiorite (zone B), and to granite (zone C) in the central. The large numbers of aplitic veins distributed around the Yamaguchi mining area are divided into two groups: barren and scheelite–mag–netite–chalcopyrite–bearing aplitic veins. The latter cut massive clinopyroxene skarns of the Yamaguchi deposit, and are composed of plagioclase, K‐feldspar and titanite. Some plagioclase crystals have dusty cores with irregularly shaped K‐feldspar flakes, and clear rims of albite. Textures of plagioclase in the mineralized aplitic veins are different from the idiomorphic textures with sharp plagioclase crystal boundaries that occur in the North granitic body and barren aplitic veins. These textural data suggest that the mineralized aplitic veins were formed from hydrothermal fluid. Changes in the contents of major and minor (Rb, Sr, Sc, Co, Th, U) elements in the North Miyako granitic body are similar to those of zoned plutons formed by typical magmatic differentiation processes. On the other hand, concentrations of REE, especially middle to heavy REE, of granitic rocks in zone C and barren aplitic veins are significantly lower than those of granitic rocks in zones A and B. The hypothetical chondrite‐normalized REE patterns, calculated assuming fractional crystallization from zone B granitic melt, suggest that REE concentrations of the residual melt increased with the degree of fractional crystallization, and changed into a pattern with enriched LREE and strongly negative Eu anomaly. However, the REE patterns of granitic rocks in zone C are different from the hypothetical patterns. Moreover, the REE patterns of magnetite–scheelite–chalcopyrite aplitic veins are quite different from those of granitic rocks. The Cu contents of granitic rocks in the North Miyako body increase from zone A (5–26 ppm) to zone B (10–26 ppm), and then clearly decrease to zone C (5–7 ppm) and drastically increase to the barren aplitic veins (39–235 ppm). Concentrations of Cu in the mineralized aplitic veins are also higher than those of the granitic rocks in zone C. The decrease in REE and Cu contents of granitic rocks from zone B to zone C is not a result of simple magmatic fractional differentiation. Fluid inclusions in quartz from mineralized aplitic veins contain 3.3 wt% NaCl equivalent and 5.8 wt% CO₂. It was also demonstrated experimentally that the removal of MREE and HREE by fluid from melt enabled the formation of complexes of REE and ligands of OH^‐ and CO₃^2‐. Based on the possibility that the melt of the granitic rocks of zone C and the mineralized aplitic veins coexisted with CO₂‐bearing fluid, it is thought that REE were extracted from the melt to the CO₂‐bearing fluid, and that the REE in the mineralized aplitic veins were transported by the CO₂‐bearing fluid. It is likely that the low HREE and Cu contents of the granitic rocks in zone C could have been caused by the removal of those elements from the granitic melt by the fluid coexisting with the melt. The expelled materials could have been the sources of scheelite–magnetite–chalcopyrite–bearing aplitic veins and copper mineralization of the Yamaguchi Cu‐W skarn deposit.