Landscape Reconstruction and Recreation of Damaged Land in Opencast Coal Mine: A Review

Land resources in opencast coal mine are excavated and occupied during the process of mining. Severe soil compaction resulted from heavy machinery lead to a series of consequences: vegetation cannot grow normally, loss of soil and water take place constantly, and landscape is damaged. Therefore, for the future development of reclamation and ecological restoration in opencast coal mine, it has become one major task to carry out the reconstruction of damaged landscape. According to the damage characteristics of land landscape in mining area, this paper summarized the data acquisition methods of damaged land landscape in this field, including remote sensing, GPS RTK, UAV, 3D laser scanning. Fractal and landscape index methods reflecting landscape were also reviewed. Besides, landscape remodeling and reconstruction theories were concluded, which include landscape ecology, microtopography and imitated-nature landform. Base on the above mentioned, it was found out that the UAV, 3D laser scanning technologies and fractal characterization method were rarely applied. In order to provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for improving the effect of damaged landscape reconstruction and recreation in opencast coal mine, future research should be targeted on strengthening technology, deepening the fractal theory, creating landscape planning and technology system of damaged land.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Coal Rib Stability for Internal Mine Dump in Opencast Mine by Finite Element Modelling

The present paper discusses the impact of the geometrical parameters of the coal rib and the mine dump on the stability of the coal rib. The geometrical parameters such as the slope angle, the height of dragline dump, the height of main dump, the gradient of seam and the thickness of coal rib have been considered as input to the numerical model for the stability analysis of the coal rib. Sensitivity analysis has been performed based on the results of the analysis in term of factor of safety of the coal rib. The input parameters have been classified in terms of significance (i.e. very high significance, high significance medium significance and low significance). The factor of safety is more influenced by highly significant parameters. The height and the slope angle of dragline dump and the thickness of the coal rib are highly significant parameters for the stability of the coal rib. The gradient of the seam is a medium significant parameter whereas, height of main dump and the number of dragline cut dump are low significant parameters for stability of coal rib.     

液动潜孔锤钻进技术在潘一煤矿井下穿层钻孔中的应用

以穿层钻孔方式进行松软煤层瓦斯预抽采极大地克服了松软煤层瓦斯治理难的问题,然而部分矿区煤层顶（底）板岩石坚硬,影响了钻孔施工效率。结合地质岩心钻探的优势,将液动潜孔锤与高强PDC钻头结合应用于煤矿井下穿层瓦斯抽采孔施工中。淮南潘一煤矿现场试验表明,该工艺方法较传统回转钻进方法,钻进效率提高了83%,钻头进尺寿命提高近5倍,具有良好的经济性能。采用清水为冲洗介质,无粉尘污染,噪声污染小,较为适合空间狭小的煤矿井下巷道施工。     

鲁西南隐伏区单县煤田曹县煤田的发现及其意义

继巨野煤田之后,近期在鲁西南隐伏区又相继发现了单县煤田和曹县煤田。它指示着隐伏区赋煤规律及找煤方向是：掀斜断凸的北缘,大型潜凸的周边,凹陷中的凸起,凸起中的凹陷。表明山东省深部找煤潜力巨大,前景广阔。应系统开展曹县一鄄城、阳谷一茌平、黄河北、章丘煤田深部、淄博煤田外围、单县一嘉祥6个含煤预测区的深部找矿工作。     

靖远煤田宝积山-红会矿区外围赋煤特征及勘查方向研究

靖远煤田宝积山、红会矿区含煤地层为中侏罗统窑街组,煤炭资源较丰富。由于多年开采,资源面临枯竭,解决资源接续问题已成当务之急。通过对区内主要控煤构造白土梁一马饮水复式向斜的展布方向和分布范围、F1h断层特征和煤系地层层序的研究．预测研究区有可采煤层存在．且煤层埋藏深度在1200～2000m。通过分析宝积山、红会两矿区赋煤地层及构造特征,认为研究区与两矿区应属同一山间聚煤坳陷,成煤环境为河湖沼泽相,岩相旋回以河流相开始,泛湖相结束,煤层位于旋回中上部,煤系地层薄,煤层层数少、厚度大,含煤性好,资源储量丰度大。根据已知矿区地质条件,结合以往地质工作程度的差别,提出宜采用不同的勘查方法分区分段开展地质找煤工作。     

郑州煤矿区井下水文观测孔施工技术

郑州地区煤矿水文观测孔以前均在地面施工,由于施工和维护成本较高,近年来逐渐推广在井下施工。2013年国家煤矿安全监察局将《高压水探放技术与装备》列入《水害防治关键技术与装备研究课题》。随着井下钻探技术和装备日趋成熟,特别是井下专用探放水钻机、孔口防喷装置、松软破碎地层跟管钻进技术、硬岩层高效定向钻进技术等方面的难题相继被攻克,煤矿井下钻探已实现了安全型作业。针对井下钻探施工的特殊性,主要从水文观测孔施工难点和解决方法进行了详细阐述,包括设备选型、钻孔定位、破碎地层潜孔锤跟管钻进、固井和井控防喷以及成孔后酸化洗井等方面。     

对穿预应力锚索在煤矿井下地质病害治理中的应用

胡家河矿井副井马头门因处于软岩地层中,在副井井筒安装中发生了较大的变形破坏,经分析论证对比,确定采用注浆锚索加固,通过对穿预应力锚索与短锚杆相结合,以锚索为主的加固方法进行施工,使软岩破坏变形趋于稳定,治理效果良好。     

姚桥矿地下水化学特征及在矿井水源判别中的意义

姚桥矿地下水系统包含四个子系统：新生界孔隙含水层组，煤系砂岩裂隙含水层组，太原群石灰岩溶隙含水层组及奥陶系灰岩岩溶含水层组。通过对这四个子系统水文地球化学特征的系统研究，提出了各子系统所特有的水质模型，并确定出能作为矿井水源判别依据的水溶组分，为矿井防治水提供水化学特征依据。     

煤矿井下水文钻孔水瓦斯混合喷涌综合治理

在煤矿井下水文地质钻探施工过程中遇到水与瓦斯混合喷涌并严重威胁施工安全难题。先采用注浆法封堵失败。针对这样的难题,设计应用了3套装置——钻具防喷器、孔口柔性密封防喷器,水淹闭式水气分离器进行综合治理。效果明显。     

矿井防水煤柱稳定性的理论研究

我国在地表水体及松散层水体下采煤的主要措施是留设与水体规模及煤层采动后覆岩破坏规律相适应的煤岩柱。     

华北部分矿区煤储层压力研究

煤储层压力是煤层气开发的重要参数，它可以通过试井方法获取，华北部分矿区的试井资料表明，煤储层压力的变化较大，其主要影响因素有构造应力、地下水头高度及埋深、地下水矿化度等，当含气饱和度一定时，储层压力对煤层气井早期的气产率和水产率有较大影响。     

应用等性块段指数法定量划分华北煤矿勘探类型

建国以来,我国煤炭地质勘探工作积累了丰富的经验,但也暴露了一些急待解决的问题,煤矿勘探类型的划分与确定就是其中之一。笔者曾分析了七十年代国内13个省（区）50个井田的探采对比资料,发现在精查时勘探类型错定者达20个井田,占总数的40％。由于没有确定煤矿勘探类型的定量指标,造成了许多失误,增加了补充勘探工作量,延长了煤矿建设周期,给国家带来了一定的经济损失。     

煤矿井下水平定向钻进技术与装备的新进展

煤矿井下定向钻进技术作为一项工程领域的新技术,已经广泛应用于煤矿井下瓦斯抽采、防治水、地质勘探和精确工程钻孔施工等领域。经过在国内30多个矿区推广应用,煤矿井下定向钻进技术和装备逐渐完善并取得新进展,形成了ZDY12000LD型大功率定向钻机、无线随钻测量系统、地质导向钻进装置及复合定向钻进工艺。结合现场试验完成了主孔深度1881 m的煤层定向长钻孔和1026 m岩层定向长钻孔,充分说明了ZDY12000LD型钻机功率大、钻进及事故处理能力强,无线随钻测量系统测量精度高,配套复合定向钻进技术形成的钻孔孔壁光滑、沉渣少、钻孔曲率小,钻进效率高。