小秦岭金矿田辉碲铋矿矿物学特征

对小秦岭金矿田石英脉型金矿床中辉碲铋矿的产出特征，物理光学性质，化学成分进行了比较系统的研究，对矿物的显微硬度，反射率色散值以及化学成分进行了精确测定，提供了可靠的测试数据。     

胶东牟平-乳山金矿带金青顶金矿碲化物矿物的特征及沉淀机制

通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜并结合能谱分析,在金青顶金矿Ⅱ号矿脉深部除含碲化物碲银矿、碲金银矿和碲铋矿外,首次发现碲金矿的存在,进一步证实了前人对于该矿床中存在碲金矿这一新矿物的推测,也打破了该金矿深部无碲金银矿的传统认识。这些碲化物呈连生体或者细脉状产于黄铁矿等硫化物、石英与黄铁矿裂隙中。在金银碲化物矿物中,Te含量变化较小,Au含量变化较大,与Ag呈负相关,与Bi为正相关。结合金-银-碲矿物成分-共生图解,对金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究。研究表明,Te总是优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有热液中Ag被消耗后才与Au结合形成碲金矿,最后Te被耗尽,矿液中残留很多的Au,从而形成自然金,说明随着成矿过程的演化,成矿热液可能逐渐富金,具体表现为碲银矿-碲金银矿-碲金矿-自然金的析出顺序。     

山东乳山英格庄金矿床地质特征及成因浅析

英格庄金矿为胶东牟平-乳山成矿带上的一个中型金矿床。该矿床矿体严格受金牛山断裂带控制,呈脉状、透镜状和囊状平行斜列式产出;矿体平均厚1．58～1．98m,平均品位3．96×10^-6～4．77×10^-6。矿石类型主要为黄铁矿石英脉型;矿石中金属矿物主要为银金矿、自然金、黄铁矿等。围岩蚀变包括绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化、黄铁矿化等。研究表明,英格庄金矿床为一中低温热液脉型金矿,属Groves等提出的造山型金矿范畴。     

小秦岭金矿田中的两种罕见矿物—碲铅铋矿和自然碲

碲铅铋矿和自然碲产于河南省小秦岭含金石英脉矿床中。碲铅铋矿化学成分平均值(%)为:Te44.06,Bi40.24,Pb14.23,并含有微量的Ag、Au、Hg、Fe、Ni、Cu等元素。理论化学式为(Bi,Pb)_3Te_4,其中Bi>Pb。共生矿物有自然金、碲金矿、破银矿、碲铅矿、碲金银矿、碲铋矿;方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。 自然碲反射色为纯白微带乳色,非均质性清楚,偏光色为蓝灰-棕灰色。显微硬度为H_v=85.1kg/mm~2(25g)。共生矿物有碲金银矿、碲银矿、黄铜矿等。化学成分中碲含量达98.44％,并含Ag、Cu、W、Fe、Pt等微量元素。     

胶东大尹格庄金矿与夏甸金矿矿化特征对比研究

岩矿石主微量元素地球化学特征以及黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征对大尹格庄金矿和夏甸金矿矿化规模和矿化特征的差异具有重要的指示意义。岩矿石主量元素迁移特征显示夏甸金矿矿化过程SiO2、Fe2O3的带入量较尹格庄多,表明夏甸金矿具有较好的硅化、黄铁矿化以及较强的金矿化。岩矿石微量元素迁移特征显示大尹格庄金矿成矿过程中Cu、Pb、Zn带入量以及CaO、MgO带入量较夏甸金矿少,表明大尹格庄金矿成矿期活动较弱,携带成矿物质较少。黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICPMS测试分析显示夏甸金矿黄铁矿Cu+Pb+Zn、Ga+In+Cd+Tl、As含量较大尹格庄金矿多,反映夏甸金矿热液活动性较强,金矿化较好。夏甸金矿从围岩到矿体SiO2、Fe2O3含量变化幅度较大以及不同成矿阶段黄铁矿中微量元素Cu+Pb+Zn、Ga+In+Cd+Tl、As变化幅度较大,显示矿化不太稳定,矿化规模较大尹格庄金矿小的特征。     

四川石棉县大水沟碲多金属矿床辉碲铋矿研究

四川石棉县大水沟碲多金属矿床是一个以碲为主的矿床。在该矿床中,辉碲铋矿作为一种最主要成矿矿物而大量堆积。化学分析和X射线粉晶衍射测试表明其为标准的辉碲铋矿,晶胞参数a=4.1408-4.5225,c=29.5008-29.6170.铋含量为57.65%-58.68%,碲35.20%-36.4%和硫4.5%-5.36%.另外,辉碲铋矿含有较多的杂质元素铁、铅、硒、锑、金和银,其中硒、金和银含量分别达1600-2600g/t,1.4-10.7g/t和2300-3400g/t.辉碲铋矿的δ³⁴S的变化范围示意出硫来源于地幔。其矿床成因可能与岩浆活动有关。     

北岭金矿中的针碲银金矿的研究

针碲银金矿产于北岭金矿的晚期矿化阶段,赋存于梳状排列网脉状的石英中,与自然金伴生。矿物组合为针碲银金矿－自然碲－碲铅矿－自然金－石英和针碲银金－碲镍矿－碲铅矿－石英,自然碲,碲镍矿,碲铅矿在针碲银金矿中呈包裹体产出。针碲银金矿呈柱状,板状,粒状晶形,聚片双晶,具强非均质性及双反射和反射多色性,ＨＶ５０＝２１６－２１９ｋｇ／ｍｍ＾２,其化学成分：Ａｇ１０．５８％－１２．３６％,Ａｕ２３．７０％－２４     

胶东-朝鲜半岛中生代金成矿作用

华北克拉通东部与朝鲜半岛相接,是中朝克拉通的重要组成部分。在华北克拉通东部的胶东半岛和朝鲜半岛内皆产出有不同规模的金矿床,并具有显著的地域特色。胶东半岛已发现金矿床(点)近200处,其中三山岛、焦家、新城、玲珑等为世界级金矿,它们为石英脉型和受构造控制的蚀变岩型,成矿时间主要集中在~120Ma,说明金成矿作用是在相当短的时间内,在同一成矿背景下和同一构造-岩浆-流体成矿系统下完成的。成矿流体主要来自幔源岩浆以及幔源岩浆与地壳相互作用产生的地质流体,就位环境与地壳/岩石圈在早白垩世强烈伸展构造变形有关,为克拉通破坏型金矿;与我国辽东相邻的朝鲜半岛北部平安北道等地金矿储量较大,成矿类型与特征辽东五龙金矿类似,为石英脉型矿化,也可能为早白垩世与华北克拉通岩石圈减薄、破坏相关的金矿床;朝鲜半岛南部的韩国金(银)矿床分成侏罗纪中温热液型和白垩纪浅成低温热液型两类,其中侏罗纪热液脉状金矿成矿特征虽与胶东金矿类似,但成矿时代(峰期~160Ma)有显著差异。而白垩纪浅成低温热液型金-银矿化主要发生在100~70Ma,与太平洋板块俯冲作用相关,为典型的环太平洋斑岩-次火山活动有关的浅成低温贱金属成矿系列。胶东和朝鲜半岛金矿床类型、特征及成矿时间的异同,与区域中生代地质演化及地球动力学背景密切相关。     

The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?

The ca. 126e120 Ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country＇s largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as＆gt;3000 t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE-to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca. 165e150 Ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites. The deposits are sited along the faults for many tens of kilometers and the larger orebodies are associated with dilatational jogs. Country rocks to the granites are Pre-cambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks located on both sides of a Triassic suture between the North and South China blocks. During early Mesozoic convergent deformation, the ore-hosting structures developed as ductile thrust faults that were subsequently reactivated during Early Cretaceous ＂Yan-shanian＂intracontinental extensional deformation and associated gold formation. 〈br〉 Classification of the gold deposits remains problematic. Many features resemble those typical of orogenic Au including the linear structural distribution of the deposits, mineralization style, ore and alteration assemblages, and ore fluid chemistry. However, Phanerozoic orogenic Au deposits are formed by prograde metamorphism of accreted oceanic rocks in Cordilleran-style orogens. The Jiaodong de-posits, in contrast, formed within two Precambrian blocks approximately 2 billion years after devolati-lization of the country rocks, and thus require a model that involves alternative fluid and metal sources for the ores. A widespread suite of ca. 130e123 Ma granodiorites overlaps temporally with the ores, but shows a poor spatial association with the deposits. Furthermore, the deposit distribution and mineral-ization style is atypical of ores formed from nearby magmas. The ore concentration requires fluid focusing during some type of sub-crustal thermal event, which could be broadly related to a combination of coeval lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, paleo-Pacific plate subduction, and seismicity along the continental-scale Tan-Lu fault. Possible ore genesis scenarios include those where ore fluids were produced directly by the metamorphism of oceanic lithosphere and overlying sediment on the subducting paleo-Pacific slab, or by devolatilization of an enriched mantle wedge above the slab. Both the sulfur and gold could be sourced from either the oceanic sediments or the serpentinized mantle. A better understanding of the architecture of the paleo-Pacific slab during Early Cretaceous below the eastern margin of China is essential to determination of the validity of possible models.     

胶东中生代构造体制转折过程中流体演化和金的大规模成矿

胶东是我国最大的金矿产出集中区,依据矿床和矿点的密集程度,可分为招远-莱州-平度、蓬莱-栖霞、牟平-乳山三个成矿带,区域内金矿类型可主要分为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。高精度的单矿物 Ar-Ar、Rb-Sr 同位素及热液锆石离子探针测年研究业已证买,金成矿的时代为120±10Ma,金矿床载金矿物-黄铁矿、矿石-黄铁矿石英脉、控矿围岩-花岗岩和变质岩等及伴生脉岩的 Sr-Nd 放射性同位素研究也证明,金成矿物质具有多源性,既来自于控矿围岩-花岗岩和变质岩,又来自于幔源的岩浆岩,流体包裹体研究表明,各类金矿具有一致的成矿流体介质条件,为低盐度 H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±CH_4流体,金成矿温度、压力条件近似,主成矿温度为170～335℃,成矿压力为70～250MPa。氢氧等稳定同位素结果表明,成矿流体可能来源于与金矿床伴生的基性幔源岩浆脱水形成的岩浆水,但在地壳浅部遭受到大气降水的混合。因此,胶东各类型金矿是在同一成矿背景下形成的矿床,与区域内中生代构造体制转折作用有关,也是中生代构造体制转折的表现形式之一。     

石英、黄铁矿及其包裹体的稀土元素特征——以胶东焦家式金矿为例

本文采用ICP—MS测定了焦家、马塘、东季、红布等焦家式金矿床中黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素组成。结果表明：采用ICP—MS直接测定黄铁矿包裹体的稀土元素是可行的;包裹体爆裂丰度虽然对稀土总量有影响,但矿源稀土元素背景值的差异也是流体中稀土总量差别的主要原因之一。∑REE、δEu、δCe及LREE／HREE、(La/Yb)N、(Ce/Yb)N、(La／Lu)N都是有意义的稀土元素特征参数;焦家式金矿同一成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征相似,显示了它们的同源特征;不同成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征有差异,反映了其成矿流体特征的差异。     

胶东地区与金矿成矿有关的中生代侵入岩岩石构造组合类型划分

通过对胶东地区与金矿有关的中生代侵入岩构造地质学、岩石化学、同位素年代学等地质信息资料的分析研究,认为玲珑昆嵛山花岗岩属于I型和S型花岗岩,郭家岭花岗岩总体上归属于I型花岗岩类;两者具有不同的源岩,形成的环境为洋壳俯冲引起的火山岛弧环境、大陆碰撞环境和弧后拉张性质的大陆边缘环境;玲珑昆嵛山花岗岩形成于侏罗纪;郭家岭花岗岩形成时代为早白垩世;从岩石构造组合的概念,玲珑昆嵛山花岗岩应划为玲珑昆嵛山造山早期片麻状花岗岩组合;郭家岭花岗岩应为郭家岭造山中期弱片麻状花岗闪长岩花岗岩组合。     

烟台福山北部地区金及多金属矿成矿系列

烟台福山北部地区地处胶东栖（霞）-蓬（莱）-福（山）成矿带北段。该区粉子山群大面积出露,中生代岩浆活动强烈,褶皱断裂构造发育,形成一完整的热液成矿系统。对区内邢家山（钼钨）、王家庄（铜锌）、杜家崖（金）等典型矿床（式）研究发现：该区金属成矿作用与中生代燕山晚期斑岩关系密切,由高温至低温成矿作用在空间上展布规律明显,共同构成了与中生代燕山晚期中酸性岩浆侵入作用有关的金及多金属成矿系列。从现有研究成果看,中低温热液脉型、斑岩-矽卡岩型以及浅成低温热液型金及多金属矿应作为该区找矿主攻方向。     

胶东金矿床Au迁移富集的地球化学探讨

本文编制了系统 Fe²⁺—Fe³⁺—∑S—∑CO₂—[SO₁^2-]和 Fe²⁺—FeS—FeCO—Fe(OH)₂的相图,以及溶液中络合物 Au—s 和 Au—Cl 在不同温度下的 C_Au—PH 图。有证据表明,金可能是以 Au—S 络合物形式迁移的,控制金沉淀的主要因素是溶液的 Eh 和∑S 的活度。     

A comparison of Jiaojia- and Linglong-type gold deposit ore-forming fluids: Do they differ?

The Jiaodong peninsula contains the most important concentration of gold deposits in China, which can be divided into Jiaojia-type and Linglong-type deposits based on mineralization style. The former is characterized by disseminated- and stockwork-style mineralization hosted in first-order regional faults, with relatively larger tonnages and lower gold grades. The latter is characterized by massive auriferous quartz veins commonly hosted in subsidiary second- or third-order faults, with smaller tonnage but higher grade orebodies. Despite these differences, both groups of deposits have the same alteration assemblages, mineral paragenesis, element concentrations, and ore-forming ages.The mainly Jiaojia-type Luoshan gold deposit and the mainly Linglong-type Fushan gold deposit are characterized by H-O-S-Pb isotope data that indicate the ore-forming fluids have a dominantly metamorphic source. The fluids were derived during the Yanshanian orogenic event, and were most likely associated with dehydration and decarbonization processes near the top of the subducting paleo-Pacific plate. The Linglong-type ores have relatively lighter calculated δ¹⁸O compositions (−3.9 to −2.3‰) than the Jiaojia-type ores (0.3–8.0‰), possibly because of a greater degree of mixing with meteoric water. Petrographic, cathodoluminescence, microthermometric, and laser Raman spectroscopic analyses of fluid-inclusion assemblages in quartz from the two types of ores indicate fluids were similar, in both cases characterized by medium–high homogenization temperatures (211–393 °C), significant CO₂ (∼15% mol), minor CH₄ (⩽18% in the carbonic phase), and low salinity (⩽11.2 wt% NaCl eq.). The Linglong-type ores, however, have a wider range of CO₂ and CH₄ concentration and salinity than the Jiaojia-type ores. Fluid immiscibility, occurred in main ore stage of both ore types, with the trapping conditions of 77–185 MPa and 284–328 °C, although the unmixing is more intense and widespread in the Linglong-type ores. Both fluid-wallrock interaction and fluid immiscibility are important gold-deposition processes in the two types, but immiscibility is more important in the Linglong-type ores and that has led to the typical higher gold grade.In general, there is little geochemical differences between the ore-forming fluids for Jiaojia- and Linglong-type gold deposits. Both Jiaojia- and Linglong-type ores can exist in a single deposit and form in the same metallogenic event. The Linglong-type ores developed as more massive veins, because of their location in zones of more extensive extension and they lack significant post-ore cataclastic deformation.     

胶东邓格庄金矿床矿物化学研究

本文研究了胶东邓格庄金矿床金银系列矿物、黄铁矿、石英和方解石的化学成分,金银系列矿物主要为银金矿和金银矿,含Pt等微量元素,与金矿化关系密切的黄铁矿以Fe亏损占优势,富Au、Te、As和Ag为特点;石英具高的Al、K、Cu、Pb和Zn,低的Li含量;黄铁矿、石英和方解石的稀土元素组成指示成矿热液可能有二种来源,方解石的稀土元素组成指示成矿热液为岩浆或深部来源。